US1985233A - Process and apparatus for converting hydrocarbon oils - Google Patents

Process and apparatus for converting hydrocarbon oils Download PDF

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Publication number
US1985233A
US1985233A US310866A US31086628A US1985233A US 1985233 A US1985233 A US 1985233A US 310866 A US310866 A US 310866A US 31086628 A US31086628 A US 31086628A US 1985233 A US1985233 A US 1985233A
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United States
Prior art keywords
conversion
vapors
vapor
temperature
carrier gas
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Expired - Lifetime
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US310866A
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English (en)
Inventor
Edwin W Beardsley
Albert P Sachs
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PETROLEUM CONVERSION Corp
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PETROLEUM CONVERSION CORP
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
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Application filed by PETROLEUM CONVERSION CORP filed Critical PETROLEUM CONVERSION CORP
Priority to US310866A priority Critical patent/US1985233A/en
Priority to GB28369/29A priority patent/GB340021A/en
Priority to FR682328D priority patent/FR682328A/fr
Priority to DEP61327D priority patent/DE587899C/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US1985233A publication Critical patent/US1985233A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G9/00—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils
    • C10G9/34—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils by direct contact with inert preheated fluids, e.g. with molten metals or salts
    • C10G9/36—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils by direct contact with inert preheated fluids, e.g. with molten metals or salts with heated gases or vapours
    • C10G9/38—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils by direct contact with inert preheated fluids, e.g. with molten metals or salts with heated gases or vapours produced by partial combustion of the material to be cracked or by combustion of another hydrocarbon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10C—WORKING-UP PITCH, ASPHALT, BITUMEN, TAR; PYROLIGNEOUS ACID
    • C10C1/00—Working-up tar
    • C10C1/20—Refining by chemical means inorganic or organic compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G9/00—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G9/00—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils
    • C10G9/34—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils by direct contact with inert preheated fluids, e.g. with molten metals or salts
    • C10G9/36—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils by direct contact with inert preheated fluids, e.g. with molten metals or salts with heated gases or vapours

Definitions

  • the oil material f is previously vaporized and is converted while in the vapor phase.
  • oils commonly used for cracking are not single compounds but mixtures of many compounds each having a dierent boiling point.
  • the vapors of these various components of the oil are cracked it is found that not all of them crack with the same ease, those having a relatively low boiling point being found to be considerably more refractory to conditions of cracking than those of higher boiling point.
  • the light vapors require a longer period for cracking thanthe heavier vapors.
  • the invention accordingly seeks to take advantage of this fact by nrst fractionaly vaporizing the oil to be converted, separatelyconducting the different fractions, separated by a desired difference in boiling point, to the cracking or conversion zone, and there maintaining the conversion conditions such that the more refractory vapors are subjected to longer periods of cracking.
  • the invention contemplates carrying out the conversion by means of a heat carrier gas of suitable temperature and heat units mingled with the vapors undergoing conversion and accordingly in the preferred embodiment the various oil vapor fractions are admitted to a stream of carrier gas of therequisite temperature and heat units at separated points therein whereby the more refractory vapors are caused to pass over a longer course whereas the less refractory vapors pass over a shorter course.
  • a selective heating of 'the vapors of the oil components is had whereby 'a considerably greater control of the conversion conditions is possible and a much greater economy of heat eifected.
  • the temperature of the stream of products in the cracking zone may be more or less accurately controlled at different points therein and in the embodiment described, this is accomplished by also admitting portions of the v carrier gas to the cracking zone at such separated points along the path of the travel of the mixture undergoing conversion.
  • 10, 11, and 12 denote evaporators which may be of conventional type heated by means not shown in detail, the same being joined in series by conduits 13 and 14, and evaporator 10 being provided with a conduit 15 by means ofv which the oil enters the system while evaporatorr 12 is provided with an exit pipe 16 through which the residue from the still 12 is removed.
  • the oil to be evaporated enters the system through pipe 15, is partially vaporized in evaporator 10 after which the oil minus its lightest vapors is conveyed by pipe 13 to evaporator 1l where a somewhat heavier fraction is vaporized vafter which the oil passes to evaporator 12 in which the heaviest vapors are produced.
  • the evaporation may be aided by the use of steam, or neutral gases or both of these.
  • evaporators l0, 11 and 12 Preferably little or no cracking is carried out in the evaporators l0, 11 and 12.
  • carrier gases of the requisite temperature which are heated preferably by means of regenerative heaters, for example of the hot blast stove type, one of which is indicated at 20.
  • Stove 20 is first heated up by the combustion of fuel which is fed to a burner 22. When the stove is at the requisite temperature, the heating is discontinued, the products of combustion purged therefrom and the stove run by passing therethrough thecarrier gas from the container 21 which is thus heated to substantially the temperature of the stove.
  • valved by-pass 24 which admits a regulated quantity of the cold gas to the oitake conduit 25 through which the hot gas is led from the stove.
  • the gas at the desired temperature. for 'example in the neighborhood of l400 F., is led from the stove through said conduit 25 to a reaction chamber 26, being admitted thereto through a valve 27.
  • vapor from the still 10 which is connected to said chamber by means of a valved pipe 28. 'I'he heated gaseous carrier and oil vapor mingle in the said chamber 26. In this chamber the vapor is partially converted.
  • the mixture of reaction products leaves the chamber 26 through conduit 30 through which it is conducted the stream of products is additioned by the vapor from the evaporator 11 which passes therefrom through a valved pipe 32 connecting with a conduit 30.
  • the augmented stream of reaction products now traverses the reaction chamber 31 where further time is given for the conversion to take place.
  • a means 'for controlling the temperature therein we provide a connection 33 to said' chamber from the main 25 conducting the carrier gas from the stove 20, said connection also being valved as shown.
  • the products leaving chamber 31 pass through a conduit 34 to a third reaction chamber 35 being similarly augmented by the vapor from evaporator 12 which passes therefrom through a conduit 36 joining conduit 34.
  • a connection 3'? thereto from the carrier gas main 25 is also preferably provided.
  • the final mixture of cracked vapors and carrier gas now leaves the reaction chamber 35 through a conduit 40 by means of which it is passed to suitable heat transfer and condensing means not shown.
  • a further advantage of the improved process resides in the fact that, with respect to the majority at least of vapors undergoing the conversion, means are afforded for the reheating of such vapors whereby the temperature variation throughout the Aconversion zone may be greatly reduced. If it were not for the reheating steps, for example, either the initial temperature of the carrier would have to be given too high a value in order to maintain the desired average temperature or an excessive amount of the carrier gas would have to be used in the first conversion chamber. In the instant process the ⁇ temperature of the vapors is preferably maintained without substantial variation over a relatively long time interval, this making for greaterefiioiency and better control of the product.
  • a source of heat-carrier gas in combination, a source of heat-carrier gas, conversion apparatus proper consisting oi' a plurality of reaction chambers in series, a plurality of vaporizing units separate from said source of heat-carrier gas, saidunits being heated inde-- pendently of said reaction chambers and adapted to furnish vapors o1' varying boiling point, means for feeding oil thereto, means for conducting vapor from each of the respective vaporizing units to each of said reaction chambers such that said unit producing the lightest vapors is joined to the nrst of the said reaction chambers in series,
  • a source .of heat carrier gas a conversion apparatus proper, a plurality of vaporizing units separate from said source o1' heat-carrier gas, means for passingoil through said vaporizing units in series, means for conducting vapors iromthe first vaporizing unit of the series to the inlet end of the conversion paratus, said points being so spaced as to provide a substantial time differential in respect to the flow of vapors through said conversion apparatus, the arrangement being such that said unit producing the lightest vapors is joined to said inlet end of the conversion apparatus and said unit producing the heaviest vapors is Joined ⁇ to said conversion apparatus nearest the outlet end thereof, means :tor admitting a regulated supply of heat-carrier gas to spaced points between the inlet and outlet ends of the conversionapparatus, and heating means for said vaporizer units independent of the heating means for the conversion apparatus.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
US310866A 1928-10-06 1928-10-06 Process and apparatus for converting hydrocarbon oils Expired - Lifetime US1985233A (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US310866A US1985233A (en) 1928-10-06 1928-10-06 Process and apparatus for converting hydrocarbon oils
GB28369/29A GB340021A (en) 1928-10-06 1929-09-19 Process of converting petroleum oils
FR682328D FR682328A (fr) 1928-10-06 1929-09-26 Procédé de conversion des huiles hydrocarbonées
DEP61327D DE587899C (de) 1928-10-06 1929-09-28 Verfahren zur Waermespaltung von Kohlenwasserstoffoelen

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US310866A US1985233A (en) 1928-10-06 1928-10-06 Process and apparatus for converting hydrocarbon oils

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US1985233A true US1985233A (en) 1934-12-25

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ID=23204428

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US310866A Expired - Lifetime US1985233A (en) 1928-10-06 1928-10-06 Process and apparatus for converting hydrocarbon oils

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US1985233A (de)
DE (1) DE587899C (de)
FR (1) FR682328A (de)
GB (1) GB340021A (de)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AU667491B2 (en) * 1991-11-19 1996-03-28 Imarx Pharmaceutical Corp. Gel particle contrast media for improved diagnostic imaging

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE753849C (de) * 1935-11-01 1951-11-08 Bataafsche Petroleum Verfahren zum Herstellen hoehermolekularer Olefine durch Spalten von paraffinhaltigen Kohlenwasserstoffgemischen in der Dampfphase

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AU667491B2 (en) * 1991-11-19 1996-03-28 Imarx Pharmaceutical Corp. Gel particle contrast media for improved diagnostic imaging

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR682328A (fr) 1930-05-26
GB340021A (en) 1930-12-19
DE587899C (de) 1933-11-10

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