US1983377A - Production of sound - Google Patents

Production of sound Download PDF

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Publication number
US1983377A
US1983377A US395686A US39568629A US1983377A US 1983377 A US1983377 A US 1983377A US 395686 A US395686 A US 395686A US 39568629 A US39568629 A US 39568629A US 1983377 A US1983377 A US 1983377A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
sections
sound
members
diaphragm
stationary
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US395686A
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English (en)
Inventor
Edward W Kellogg
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General Electric Co
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General Electric Co
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Filing date
Publication date
Priority to BE373730D priority Critical patent/BE373730A/xx
Application filed by General Electric Co filed Critical General Electric Co
Priority to US395686A priority patent/US1983377A/en
Priority to FR704037D priority patent/FR704037A/fr
Priority to GB28620/30A priority patent/GB346646A/en
Priority to DE1930627679D priority patent/DE627679C/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US1983377A publication Critical patent/US1983377A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R19/00—Electrostatic transducers
    • H04R19/02—Loudspeakers

Definitions

  • these difiiculties are avoided by dividing the area into sections which have a comparatively small electrostatic capacity, and connecting these sectionsthrough inductance devices.
  • the arrangement may be regarded as'an artificial transmission line or wave filter one end of which is connected to a high voltage source. The other end'should be provided with damping resistance asindicated in the aca companying drawing.
  • the cut'oif frequency may be made as high as. 76 necessary by properly proportioning the individual inductances and capacities.
  • the cut off. frequency is that at which the inductive reactance of one coil is four times the capacity reactance of one section of the speaker.
  • the system operso ates with substantially unity power factor for the frequencies below that at which it acts as a filter.
  • the impedance of the device is practically independent of frequency and is now very much higher than previously, being now equal to twice the capacity reactance of a single unit area, said capacity reactance being calculated for the highest frequency in the essential range, namely the cut off frequency.
  • a further object of my invention is to utilize the phase difierences between the several sections of the diaphragm to produce a desirable distribution of sound in the auditorium or room where the loudspeaker is used.
  • the overall dimensions of the radiating surface must 10o.
  • the directions they will take may be predicted by estimating the shape of the wave front of a sound wave leaving the speaker, and by utilizing the principle that sound is propagated normal to the wave front.
  • the phase difference between. the vibrations of successive sections of the diaphragm can be calculated from the well known characteristics of low pass filter circuits. It is simpler however to make the calculation in terms of thetime difference, which is seconds, except near and above the cut off frequency, L being the inductance of one coil and C the capacity of one section. Thus if the crest of a voltage wave reaches section it at a given time, it will reach section n+1 later by JITG seconds.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates an embodiment of my invention wherein the inductance units are interposed between the dif-- ferent sections of the .vibratable member of the speaker, this member being interposedbetween a pair of stationary members maintained at potentials different from that of the vibratable member.
  • Fig. 2 illustrates a similar embodiment wherein only one stationary member is employed, mounted on one side of the vibratable member.
  • Fig. 3 illustrates an arrangement wherein the inductance elements are connected between the difierent sections of stationary members located on opposite sides of the vibratable member
  • Fig. 4 illustrates the sequence of connections designed to secure a certain directive characteristic.
  • the apparatus illustrated by Fig. 1 includes a plurality of vibratable members or diaphragm sections 10 which are electrically conducting and are connected to the output circuit of the-amplifier 11 through a plurality of inductance devices or reactors 13 connected between the differentsections 10.
  • a plurality of stationary members 14 which are shown as perforated metal plates, interconnected through conductors 15, and connected to one of the amplifier circuits which for convenience I shall designate as the grounded terminal, through a source of steady potential shown as a battery 16.
  • Fig. 2 The arrangement illustrated by Fig. 2 is similar to that illustrated by Fig. 1 except that it is of the single acting or unilateral type, employing stationary electrodes on one side only of the diaphragm.
  • the amplifier output circuit also differs from that shown in Fig. l, in that it employs a reactor 20 instead of a'transformer, this being a common form of amplifier output affording an especially simple arrangement when employed in connection with a unilateral electrostatic speaker.
  • the vibratable members or diaphragm sections are connected to a source of steady potential which is indicated here as the same as that which supplies power to the plate circuit of the amplifier.
  • the diaphragm may be one'continuous conducting sheet or separate sections with interconnect-- ing conductors 21.
  • the stationary members 14 and 17 are interconnected through inductance elements 22 and 23, and are connected to the output circuit of the amplifier through a transformer 24 in such a manner that the audio frequency potentials applied to the members 14 are opposite in phase to the potentials applied to the members 1'7.
  • This arrangement gives the same result as that shown in Fig. 1, but has some advantage on the. score of simplicity.
  • the final sections of the stationary members 1417 are connected through damping resistors 26 to the return lead 27 which is connected both to the cathode of the amplifier l1 and to a midterminal on the secondary circuit of the transformer 24.
  • This arrangement gives the sameresuits as Fig. 1, but requires no extra sources of high potential and is safer in that the exposed outside members are at ground potential except for the modulating voltage.
  • Fig. 4 The method of utilizing the phase diiierence between successive diaphragm sections, to secure a desired directive characteristic, is illustrated in connection with Fig. 4.
  • Fig. 4 For auditoriums it is of ten desirable to provide for considerable spreading of the sound to the right and left of the source in order to reach all of the listeners, but to permit a comparatively small degree of spreading in the vertical plane. In other words, it is desired to produce a beam of sound which spreads horizontally like a fan. This is especially the case in single fioor auditoriums.
  • the prevention of avoidable radiation toward: the ceiling is helpful in reducing echoes and reverberation.
  • the wave front as the sound leaves the speaker should have a cylindrical form with vertical axis. If the diaphragm sections consist of vertical strips a wave length or more high, the wave front axis will be parallel to these strips. To give it the desired cylindrical form, the radiation from the center strip must be ahead in phase compared with that from the strips to either side. This is brought about by using the sequence shown in Fig. 4. In this drawing the stationary electrodes are not shown, and it is to be understood that they would be connected as shown in Fig. 1.
  • gence in the two directions can be independently controlled.
  • the termination of the structure at both ends may be either capacities of (3/2 farads or inductances of L/Z henrys.
  • the former gives what is called a 1.- line and the latter a T line.
  • a 11' line might consist of five capacities C and two capacities (3/2 at the ends and with six coils of L henry between, while a corresponding T line would have six capacities of C farads, five coils between of L henrys each, and two terminating coils of L/Z henrys each.
  • the device produces a convex wave front
  • the sound will seem to emanate from a small source behind the screen.
  • the sound may be cauted to seem to emanate from a small source in front of the screen by producing a concave wave front.
  • This can be brought about by reversing theconnectlons from those shown in Fig. i so that section 0 is connected to the amplifier and section a which is at the center is connected to the damping resistance 12, in each through a coil of L/Z henrys as before.
  • An incidental advantage of my invention over the usual type of electrostatic loud speaker is that the reduced capacity per section reduces the destructiveness of a spark should a spark occur between electrodes. Wlth a large capacity charged to high potential, a spark may readily'be hot enough to burn a hole through the diaphragm With the small sections a much less intense spark occurs for the same voltage. The adjacent sections may discharge through the are but to do so must build up currents through the intervening coils, and this slows down the discharge and permits the energy to be largely dissipated in the coils instead of in the spark.
  • inductances may be applied either to the vibratable element or diaphragm, or to the stationary electrodes, and in the latter case the diaphragm may be a continuous conducting sheet; it is practically necessary for best results that the parts of the dia-- phragm opposite the several sections of stationary electrode, shall be capable of substantially independent vibration. This is for the reason that the forces due to the electrostatic field differ in phase between the several sections and each part of the diaphragm should be capable of vibrating in phase with the force applied to it.
  • This mechanical independence of the diaphragm panels may be secured by providing mechanical supports for the diaphragm at the edges of the panels.
  • the diaphragm while i not necessarily electrically subdivided, is preferably 1.
  • a sound producer comprising a vibratable means arranged in sections interconnected through inductance elements, and stationary means mounted in juxtaposition to said vibratable means, said inductance elements neutralizing the capacitance between said vibratable means and said stationary means.
  • a sound producer comprising a diaphragm divided into sections connected in series, stationary means arranged in juxtaposition to said diaphragm, and means including inductance elements connected between said sections for neutralizing the capacitance between said diaphragm and said member.
  • a sound producer including a diaphragm divided into sections, stationary means mounted in juxtaposition to said diaphragm and divided intosections, and means connected between the sections of said diaphragm for neutralizing the capacitance between said diaphragm and said stationary means.
  • a sound producer including stationary means, a vibratable member divided into sections connected in series and mounted in juxtaposition to said stationary means, and means con- 1 nectings'aid sections arranged to cause the vibrations of successive sections to differ in phase, said sections being connected in such mquence that the resulting sound wave is given a predetermined degree of curvature.
  • An electrostatic loud speaker including vibratable and stationary members mounted in bratable and stationary members mounted in juxtaposition to one another, one of said members being divided into sections, means connected between-said sections for neutralizing the capacitance between said members, and means for preventing reflection of electrical waves propagated between said sections.
  • An electrostatic loud speaker including vibratable and stationary members mounted in juxtaposition to one another, one of said members being divided into sections, means for neutralizing the capacitance between said members and for causing a difierence in phase of the sound waves emitted by different portions of said vibratable member, and means including said firstnamed means to connect said sections in such sequence as to produce a predetermined curvature of sound wave front.
  • a sound producer comprising a vibratable means arranged in sections interconnected in series through inductance elements, and stationary means mounted in juxtaposition to said vibratable means.
  • a sound producer including a diaphragm divided into sections connected in series, stationary means mounted in juxtaposition to said diaphragm and divided into sections, and means connected between the sections of said diaphragm for neutralizing the capacitance between said diaphragm and said stationary means.
  • An electrostatic loud speaker including vibratable and stationary members mounted in juxtaposition to one another, one of said members being divided into sections connected in series, means connected between said sections for neutralizing the capacitance between said members and resistance means connected in circuit with one of said members for preventing reflection of electrical waves propagated between said sections.
  • An electrostatic sound translating device comprising a plurality of members forming plates of condensers, certain of said members being capable of radiating sound energy, and impedance means connected between certain of said members for neutralizing the capacity of said condensers, said condensers and said means being proportioned and correlated to define an electro acoustic network adapted to translate sound energy with substantially negligible attenuation over a wide range of audio-frequencies.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Circuit For Audible Band Transducer (AREA)
  • Bidet-Like Cleaning Device And Other Flush Toilet Accessories (AREA)
  • Transducers For Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
US395686A 1929-09-27 1929-09-27 Production of sound Expired - Lifetime US1983377A (en)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE373730D BE373730A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1929-09-27
US395686A US1983377A (en) 1929-09-27 1929-09-27 Production of sound
FR704037D FR704037A (fr) 1929-09-27 1930-09-19 Perfectionnements aux reproducteurs du son du type électrostatique
GB28620/30A GB346646A (en) 1929-09-27 1930-09-24 Improvements in and relating to sound reproducing devices
DE1930627679D DE627679C (de) 1929-09-27 1930-09-28 Elektrostatischer Lautsprecher

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US395686A US1983377A (en) 1929-09-27 1929-09-27 Production of sound

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US1983377A true US1983377A (en) 1934-12-04

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US395686A Expired - Lifetime US1983377A (en) 1929-09-27 1929-09-27 Production of sound

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US (1) US1983377A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BE (1) BE373730A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE627679C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR704037A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB346646A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (27)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2519810A (en) * 1947-12-05 1950-08-22 Jose W Acosta Electrostatic sound reproducer
US3008013A (en) * 1954-07-20 1961-11-07 Ferranti Ltd Electrostatic loudspeakers
US3136867A (en) * 1961-09-25 1964-06-09 Ampex Electrostatic transducer
US3160715A (en) * 1960-11-15 1964-12-08 Gussing Nils Torsten Alson Electrostatic loudspeakers
US3668336A (en) * 1969-12-08 1972-06-06 Dayton Wright Associates Ltd Audio system including electrostatic loudspeaker
US3773984A (en) * 1967-06-06 1973-11-20 P Walker Electrostatic loudspeaker with constant current drive
US3892927A (en) * 1973-09-04 1975-07-01 Theodore Lindenberg Full range electrostatic loudspeaker for audio frequencies
US4338489A (en) * 1979-02-12 1982-07-06 Akg Akustische U. Kino-Gerate Gesellschaft M.B.H. Headphone construction
EP0065810A3 (en) * 1981-05-15 1983-07-20 BEARD, Terry D. Travelling wave electrical/acoustic transducer system and a microphone and loudspeaker incorporating such a system
US5054081A (en) * 1985-04-02 1991-10-01 West Roger A Electrostatic transducer with improved bass response utilizing disturbed bass resonance energy
US6175636B1 (en) 1998-06-26 2001-01-16 American Technology Corporation Electrostatic speaker with moveable diaphragm edges
US6188772B1 (en) 1998-01-07 2001-02-13 American Technology Corporation Electrostatic speaker with foam stator
US6304662B1 (en) 1998-01-07 2001-10-16 American Technology Corporation Sonic emitter with foam stator
US20020076069A1 (en) * 1998-01-07 2002-06-20 American Technology Corporation Sonic emitter with foam stator
US20020191808A1 (en) * 2001-01-22 2002-12-19 American Technology Corporation Single-ended planar-magnetic speaker
US20050100181A1 (en) * 1998-09-24 2005-05-12 Particle Measuring Systems, Inc. Parametric transducer having an emitter film
US7564981B2 (en) 2003-10-23 2009-07-21 American Technology Corporation Method of adjusting linear parameters of a parametric ultrasonic signal to reduce non-linearities in decoupled audio output waves and system including same
US20120033834A1 (en) * 2010-08-04 2012-02-09 Nokia Corporation Apparatus With Directivity Pattern
US8199931B1 (en) 1999-10-29 2012-06-12 American Technology Corporation Parametric loudspeaker with improved phase characteristics
US8275137B1 (en) 2007-03-22 2012-09-25 Parametric Sound Corporation Audio distortion correction for a parametric reproduction system
US8767979B2 (en) 2010-06-14 2014-07-01 Parametric Sound Corporation Parametric transducer system and related methods
US8903104B2 (en) 2013-04-16 2014-12-02 Turtle Beach Corporation Video gaming system with ultrasonic speakers
US8934650B1 (en) 2012-07-03 2015-01-13 Turtle Beach Corporation Low profile parametric transducers and related methods
US8958580B2 (en) 2012-04-18 2015-02-17 Turtle Beach Corporation Parametric transducers and related methods
US8988911B2 (en) 2013-06-13 2015-03-24 Turtle Beach Corporation Self-bias emitter circuit
US9036831B2 (en) 2012-01-10 2015-05-19 Turtle Beach Corporation Amplification system, carrier tracking systems and related methods for use in parametric sound systems
US9332344B2 (en) 2013-06-13 2016-05-03 Turtle Beach Corporation Self-bias emitter circuit

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2520352A (en) * 2013-11-19 2015-05-20 Mellow Acoustics Ltd Loudspeakers and loudspeaker drive circuits

Cited By (32)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2519810A (en) * 1947-12-05 1950-08-22 Jose W Acosta Electrostatic sound reproducer
US3008013A (en) * 1954-07-20 1961-11-07 Ferranti Ltd Electrostatic loudspeakers
US3160715A (en) * 1960-11-15 1964-12-08 Gussing Nils Torsten Alson Electrostatic loudspeakers
US3136867A (en) * 1961-09-25 1964-06-09 Ampex Electrostatic transducer
US3773984A (en) * 1967-06-06 1973-11-20 P Walker Electrostatic loudspeaker with constant current drive
US3668336A (en) * 1969-12-08 1972-06-06 Dayton Wright Associates Ltd Audio system including electrostatic loudspeaker
US3892927A (en) * 1973-09-04 1975-07-01 Theodore Lindenberg Full range electrostatic loudspeaker for audio frequencies
US4338489A (en) * 1979-02-12 1982-07-06 Akg Akustische U. Kino-Gerate Gesellschaft M.B.H. Headphone construction
EP0065810A3 (en) * 1981-05-15 1983-07-20 BEARD, Terry D. Travelling wave electrical/acoustic transducer system and a microphone and loudspeaker incorporating such a system
US5054081A (en) * 1985-04-02 1991-10-01 West Roger A Electrostatic transducer with improved bass response utilizing disturbed bass resonance energy
US6188772B1 (en) 1998-01-07 2001-02-13 American Technology Corporation Electrostatic speaker with foam stator
US6304662B1 (en) 1998-01-07 2001-10-16 American Technology Corporation Sonic emitter with foam stator
US20020076069A1 (en) * 1998-01-07 2002-06-20 American Technology Corporation Sonic emitter with foam stator
US6175636B1 (en) 1998-06-26 2001-01-16 American Technology Corporation Electrostatic speaker with moveable diaphragm edges
US20050100181A1 (en) * 1998-09-24 2005-05-12 Particle Measuring Systems, Inc. Parametric transducer having an emitter film
US8199931B1 (en) 1999-10-29 2012-06-12 American Technology Corporation Parametric loudspeaker with improved phase characteristics
US7142688B2 (en) 2001-01-22 2006-11-28 American Technology Corporation Single-ended planar-magnetic speaker
US20020191808A1 (en) * 2001-01-22 2002-12-19 American Technology Corporation Single-ended planar-magnetic speaker
US20070127767A1 (en) * 2001-01-22 2007-06-07 American Technology Corporation Single-ended planar-magnetic speaker
US7564981B2 (en) 2003-10-23 2009-07-21 American Technology Corporation Method of adjusting linear parameters of a parametric ultrasonic signal to reduce non-linearities in decoupled audio output waves and system including same
US8275137B1 (en) 2007-03-22 2012-09-25 Parametric Sound Corporation Audio distortion correction for a parametric reproduction system
US8903116B2 (en) 2010-06-14 2014-12-02 Turtle Beach Corporation Parametric transducers and related methods
US9002032B2 (en) 2010-06-14 2015-04-07 Turtle Beach Corporation Parametric signal processing systems and methods
US8767979B2 (en) 2010-06-14 2014-07-01 Parametric Sound Corporation Parametric transducer system and related methods
US8831248B2 (en) * 2010-08-04 2014-09-09 Nokia Corporation Apparatus with directivity pattern
US20120033834A1 (en) * 2010-08-04 2012-02-09 Nokia Corporation Apparatus With Directivity Pattern
US9036831B2 (en) 2012-01-10 2015-05-19 Turtle Beach Corporation Amplification system, carrier tracking systems and related methods for use in parametric sound systems
US8958580B2 (en) 2012-04-18 2015-02-17 Turtle Beach Corporation Parametric transducers and related methods
US8934650B1 (en) 2012-07-03 2015-01-13 Turtle Beach Corporation Low profile parametric transducers and related methods
US8903104B2 (en) 2013-04-16 2014-12-02 Turtle Beach Corporation Video gaming system with ultrasonic speakers
US8988911B2 (en) 2013-06-13 2015-03-24 Turtle Beach Corporation Self-bias emitter circuit
US9332344B2 (en) 2013-06-13 2016-05-03 Turtle Beach Corporation Self-bias emitter circuit

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE627679C (de) 1936-03-21
GB346646A (en) 1931-04-16
FR704037A (fr) 1931-05-09
BE373730A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

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