US1973089A - Optical signaling apparatus - Google Patents

Optical signaling apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
US1973089A
US1973089A US647625A US64762532A US1973089A US 1973089 A US1973089 A US 1973089A US 647625 A US647625 A US 647625A US 64762532 A US64762532 A US 64762532A US 1973089 A US1973089 A US 1973089A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
light
prism
source
diaphragm
optical
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US647625A
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English (en)
Inventor
Mechau Robert
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Carl Zeiss SMT GmbH
Carl Zeiss AG
Original Assignee
Carl Zeiss SMT GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Carl Zeiss SMT GmbH filed Critical Carl Zeiss SMT GmbH
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US1973089A publication Critical patent/US1973089A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/11—Arrangements specific to free-space transmission, i.e. transmission through air or vacuum

Definitions

  • optical signaling devices are conveniently so constructed as to combine a transmitter and a receiver in one self-contained apparatus.
  • This construction is simple and cheap, since certain parts of the transmitter and the receiver, for instance the objectives or the reflectors converging the received or transmitted rays, may be replaced by single parts that can be used in either component apparatus. Nevertheless, it is not possible to avoid changing other parts, for instance the light source of the transmitter and the light-sensitive cell of the receiver or the microphone and the telescope, these changes being efiected according to whether the apparatus is to be used as a transmitter or as a receiver.
  • a telephonic apparatus in which, when used for transmission, the pencil of light rays is modulated by means of a body which, through the agency of an electromagnetic device, is brought more or less near a totally reflecting surface struck by the pencil of rays so that. according to the sound modulations.
  • the apparatus reflects, or is traversed, by a greater or smaller quantity of the light, it is convenient to change the apparatus to reception by supplying to the said electro-magnetic device such a quantity of current of unvariable strength that, according to the manner in which the apparatus is working, the said body is pressed tightly against, or completely raised from, the reflecting surface, so that the ray pencil which is to be received, and which strikes the reflecting surface, leaves this surface in as strong a condition as possible, either by completely traversing this surface or by being reflected thereon as completely as possible.
  • Figure 1 of the accompanying drawing represents by way of example an apparatus according to the invention in a longitudinal section, in which the variation of the reflexion of a totally reflecting surface produces the light modulations in transmission.
  • Figure 2 shows part of this apparatus in side elevation and on an enlarged scale.
  • Figures 3 and 4 represent schematically the optical parts of an apparatus in which the modulations are effected by an oscillating diaphragm, Figure 3 illustrating this apparatus in reception condition, and Figure 4, in transmission condition.
  • Figure 5 shows part of this other apparatus in side elevation.
  • a housing it contains an objective b.
  • a surface 0 of a rhomboidal prism c In the focus of this objective is disposed a surface 0 of a rhomboidal prism c, this surface being bounded by air.
  • a small prism d is disposed behind the surface c at the spot at which the optical axis traverses this surface.
  • the prism d is held by a pin e displaceable in its longitudinal direction and fixed to a polarized diaphragm e.
  • the polarized diaphragm e represents the armature of a permanent magnet I having a coil f
  • the magnet 1 provides a medium tension in the diaphragm e
  • the prism d is at a medium distance from the surface 0
  • the prism (1 may be tightly pressed against the surface c
  • a is disposed also a selenium cell it and a glow lamp g which emits visible light rays.
  • the lamp may also be so constructed, for instance, that it emits ultra-red light rays.
  • a condenser g which projects on the surface 0 an image of the incandescent filament of the lamp 9.
  • a converging lens h which images on the cell h the axial point lying on the surface c
  • a magnifier i which is focused to the incandescent filament of the lamp 9.
  • the source of current is a battery
  • this battery may be connected to the primary circuit of a transformer Z in which is-disposed a microphone m.
  • the secondary coil of this transformer is connected to the magnet coil f
  • the battery j- may be connected to the coil f also direct, the arrangement being such that in this case also the selenium cell It is connected in series to the battery 7' and a telephone n.
  • the apparatus Works in the following manner.
  • the throw-over switch k is given the posit1 n represented in the drawing by full lines.
  • a continuous current now flows from the battery 7 ti ugh the microphone m and the primary coil he transformer Z.
  • the magnet f is not yet excited, and the diaphragm e remains in its medium position.
  • the microphone m is spoken at, a modulated current arises in the secondary circuit of the transformer Zand the diaphragm e and the prism 01 oscillate according to the rhythm of the spoken words about their medium position.
  • the ray pencil emitted by the light source g to the surface 0 is reflected more strongly or weakly thanbefore, and the ray pencil emanating from the apparatus is modulated accordingly.
  • the apparatus according to Figures 2 and 3 contains an objective 0, a diaphragm p (which is hatched in the drawing), a condenser q, and a light source T.
  • a diaphragm p which is hatched in the drawing
  • a condenser q and a light source T.
  • a converging lens t At one side of the prism is disposed a converging lens t, and behind this lens, a selenium cell u.
  • the diaphragm p is fixed to the displaceable conductor 2) of a string galvanometer, and the conductor '0 oscillates transversely to the optical axis A-A in the field of a permanent magnet w.
  • the apparatus may be used as a receiver or transmitter.
  • a constant current is supplied to the string '0, so that the diaphragm 1: assumes the position represented in Figure 2.
  • a signaling apparatus containing, a light source for emitting signals, an element sensitive to rays, this element being adapted to receive signals, optical and electric parts only for emitting signals, optical and electric parts only for receiving signals, optical and electric parts for emitting as well as for receiving signals, the optical parts being adapted only to transmit comprising a diaphragm which, when in operative position, is movable in the path of the rays of the ray source, and the optical parts which are only adapted for receiving having a transverse refiecting surface rigidly connected to that side of the diaphragm which does not face the ray source, this transverse surface being adapted, when in operative position, to direct the rays entering the apparatus to the said ray sensitive element, the apparatus further comprising a switch connected to the optical parts and electrically connected to the electric parts, this switch being adapted to bring into operative position the optical and electric parts when changing from transmission to reception and vice versa.
  • a signaling apparatus for emitting and receiving signals comprising a housing, a light source disposed in the housing, a prism also disposed in the housing and having a totally reflecting surface, a condenser provided between the source of rays and the prism, this condenser being adapted to converge the rays on the said surface, an objective provided in the housing and adapted to direct towards outside the rays emanating from the said surface, another prism movably mounted in the housing and adapted to vary its distance from the said surface, an electro-magnet adapted to act on this other prism, and a microphone electrical connected to the said electro-magnet, a cell sensitive to rays disposed in the housing, a co.
  • verging lens provided between the said other 1:: ism and the cell, this converging lens being adapted to converge on the cell rays traversing this prism, a telephone electrically connected, for the purpose set forth, to the cell, a battery and a throwover switch electrically connected to the microphone, the telephone, the cell and the electromagnet.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Mechanical Light Control Or Optical Switches (AREA)
  • Optical Communication System (AREA)
  • Electrostatic, Electromagnetic, Magneto- Strictive, And Variable-Resistance Transducers (AREA)
US647625A 1931-12-23 1932-12-16 Optical signaling apparatus Expired - Lifetime US1973089A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE409073X 1931-12-23

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US1973089A true US1973089A (en) 1934-09-11

Family

ID=6422367

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US647625A Expired - Lifetime US1973089A (en) 1931-12-23 1932-12-16 Optical signaling apparatus

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US1973089A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR747649A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB409073A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NL (1) NL34521C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2466000A (en) * 1945-06-12 1949-04-05 Chester L Brown Photophone
US3290503A (en) * 1963-05-06 1966-12-06 Raytheon Co Light communication system

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2466000A (en) * 1945-06-12 1949-04-05 Chester L Brown Photophone
US3290503A (en) * 1963-05-06 1966-12-06 Raytheon Co Light communication system

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR747649A (fr) 1933-06-20
GB409073A (en) 1934-04-26
NL34521C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

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