US1970853A - Wood conduit drainage structure - Google Patents

Description

Patented ug. 21, 1934 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE 1,970,853 Woon ooNDUrr DRAINAGE STRUCTURE Percy E. Hoak, Des Moines, Iowa.l v Application October 31, 1932, Serial No. 640,414

2 Claims. (Cl. 61--16) My present invention 'has to do With a Wooden conduit of very simple, durable and inexpensive construction particularly constructed and adapted for providing for proper drainage.

5 More particularly, it is my object to provide a Wood conduit which can be made of short pieces of lumber of which many institutions have a surplus, which can therefore be purchased at a very low price, which lumber can be l()v creosoted and properly assembled for making a strong long-lived conduit, the members of the conduit being provided with suitable drainage slots adapted to permit the entry of drainage water, the slots being of such construction that l5- they are not likely to clog up.

With this and other objects in View, my invention consists in the construction, combination and arrangement of the various parts of my wood conduit drainage structure, whereby the objects contemplated are attained, as hereinafter more fully set forth, pointed out in my claims, and illustrated in the accompanying drawing, in which:

.. Figure l is a side elevation of a length of conduit embodying my invention. n

Figure 2 is an end elevation of the same.

Figure 3 is a perspective View of one of the members of the conduit, showing the drainage .notch therein. Figures 4, 5, 6 and 7 are side elevations of members of such conduit, illustrating other arrangements of the slots or drainage openings.

VFigure 8 is a detail, sectional View taken on the line 8-8 of Figure '7; and

Figure 9 is a detail, sectional View taken on the line 9-9 of Figure 1.

My improved conduit is made of creosoted or otherwise properly treated wood' members arranged in laminated form, as illustrated for in- 4o stance in Patent No. 1,834,643,

December l, 1931 to this applicant and Alfred C. Reinking.

Preferably the members of which the conduit ,are made are constructed in two standard units, indicated for instance at 10 and 11 in Figure 2. rlhe units 10 are of standard type, as for instance 2x4 with square ends. (I am now describing the units without reference tothe 4,drainage slots, which will be hereafter more 'particularly explained.) The units 11, each have a square end and have a rabbet cut in the other end, as at 12 to receive one end of a member 10. For instance in arranging the section of the --conduit, the member 10 is laid on edge as shown .55 at the lower part of Figure 2 with one edge flush,

issued on let us say, with the right-hand side of the con? duit to be finished. A member 11 is then placed with its fiat straight end resting on the member 10 at the right-hand end thereof, as shown in Figure 2 and as shown at the left-hand side of 60 Figure 1. Another member 11 is arranged as sho-Wn at the left-hand side of Figure 2 with the rabbet 12 receiving the left-hand end of the lower member 10. A second member l() is then placed at the top of the conduit section with its left-hand end resting on the upper end of the left-hand member 11 and with its right-hand end resting in the rabbet 12 of the right-hand member 11.

In the next lamination to the right of the one just described, the bottom member 10 is shoved to the left half the width of the member 11, and a member 11 is placed on the left-hand end thereof. On the right-hand side ofsuch second lamination, referring now to the parts as they are in a iigurasuch as Figure 2, a member 11 is placed on the end of the member 10 with the right-hand end of the member 10 received in the notch or rabbet 12 of the member 11. The top member 10 is then placed with its 80 right-handrend resting on the upper end of the right-hand member 11 and with its left-hand end resting in the notch 12 of the left-hand member 11.

rThis, I have found, `to be a very` desirable structure for many reasons including those set' forth in the prior patentjmentioned.

The successive laminations are fastened to' gether by nails or in any suitable way.r Itis thus possible to make any particular culvert section of practically any desired length. I, of course, usually build these conduit sections in the factory in certain standard lengths. Conduit sections, such as have already been described, are now quite extensively in use for culvert purposes.' v

I have found that this wooden structure has such advantages as to make it well received by the public and create a demand for its use for special drainage purposes. For instance, I have recently installed wood conduits of the kind herein described with the additional features to be mentioned for the drainage of a large air port, where especially rapid drainage of surface Water is desirable.

I provide in the conduit sections built up as hereinbefore described, peculiarly arranged drainage openings. An advantage of this type of construction is that drainage openings of a great variety of sizes and shapes may be prolilo' 'zov vided in the nished product by simple and effective and economical manufacturing processes. For example, if it is desired to provide holes through the individual members 11, this can be done in the factory.

The members 10 and 11 may be provided with holes, notches or rabbets of any desired size and location and shape. They are preferably so cut, that the small end of the drainage passage Will be at the outside of the conduit, so that the like-l lihood or" clogging is eliminated.

In Figure 'I is shown a member 11, designated also as 11a., with holes 13 extending through it in such manner that when the member is assembled in the conduit, theholes extend hori; zontally from outside to the inside of the culvert.

One of the iine things about this 'arrangement is that no rights or lefts needbe made, except in extraordinary circumstances.

The holes 13 are tapered and when they are in an upper member lo, the smaller ends are placed upwardly, and when they are in a lower member 10, the smaller ends 'are placed downward.

In Figures 3 vand 4, I have .shown members 1,1, indicated as 11b and llc, having rabbets 14 and 15. The members are the same, except that the rabb'e'ts are on opposite sides. When any such member is used with its rabbet 12 up, lthe rabbet 14 will be so arranged that its deeper part is at the inside of the culvert. So will it be when the 'rabbet 12 is down.

Figure 4 shows the member 11o as it might be ii used instead of the members 11 of Figure 2. In fact, the member 11 is shown with a rabbet 15 at the left-hand side of Figure 2. Similarly if the member llc of Figure 4 is turned upsidedown and placed in the position of the righth'and member 11 in Figure 2, it Will be observed that the rabbet 15 will serve its function for drainage purposes.

In Figure 5, I have shown a member 1G indicated at 10a. lprovided with a rabbet 16 in one side 'deeper at one edge than at the other. Suchl a member can be used 4at the top and bottom ofthe culvert. Y

In Figure 6, I have shown a member 11d similar to the member 1l with notches or rabbets 17 on both sidesof the member.

It is 'obvious that Where 'the notches are provided as shown in Figure -3, all members 11 or 11b can be made alike and when arranged as shown for instance in Figure 5i, all the members lQor 10a can .be made alike. A y

It is also obvious that 'by cutting the notches v y on opposite sides, as shown for instance in Figur'es 3 and 4, itis possible to arrange two successive laminated members 1lb and 1-1c together in such a vv'ay that the notched or rabbeted sides lregister 'with each other. This ordinarily .isjnot'desirable but it is a possible arrangement.

VThere is another advantage of "such a structure as that here shown. The members 10 and l1 may be cut to size and shape, except for the drainage rabbets or notches, and kept in stock, shipped or stored or transported to the place of sale or use. At the place of nal sale or use, they may be again cut to provide the desired notches according to the particular drainage problem of the situation Where the conduit is to be used.

It, or" course, makesV for economy and simplicity in operations that the conduit may be made up of two standard units. Likewise it makes for simplicity and economy that so many types of drainage may be provided for by using the 'saine units, simply cutting different kinds of holes or grooves or notches therein. Ordinarilyno grooves or notches are provided in the bottom oi the conduit, and in such case, the member without a groove is used While the notched 'or grooved or rabeted member 10 would be used at the top. v

1f it is desired to provide drainage openings at one side of the conduit only, such a construction is easily and readily produced, by using standard members 1-1 for the imperforate side of the conduit and members 11b, llc, or 11d or 11a or members 11 with other appropriate notches or grooves or rabbets for the right-hand upright members of the conduit.

Without going into greater detail, it is seen that almost any variety of arrangements desired might readily be had after the'idea is once properlydisclosed and illustrated.

Vhile I have described a particular type of joint for my conduit members it is not my desire to limit all my claims to such a joint, and itis my purpose to cover inthe patent to be issued hereon, any form of joint and any modication in form or arrangement which may come Within the 'spirit and scope of my invention.

I claim as my invention:-

1. A wooden conduit structure comprising sections arranged in successive laminations, each section having `similar upright side members and similar horizontal top and bottom members, each side member being formed with a straigi t rabbeted end, the side members being (formed 'with notches for drainage purposes, extending from the exterior face to the interior of the conduit, the notches being of smallest size adjacent to theoutside oi 'the conduit.

2. Members for the construction of a Wooden conduit, comprising side members each with a straight end and a rabbeted end, and top and bottom members with straight ends, shorter than the Width of the desired conduit, said side members having rabbets in their sides for drainage purposes, tapered toward their outer edges.

` lPERCY E. HOAK.

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