US1968692A - Centrifugal machine - Google Patents

Description

July 31, 1934. F, E] KRAUSS 1,968,692

I CENTRIFUGALMACHINE Filed June 14, 1932 jt diiwm Patented July '31, 1934 PATENT OFFICE GENTRIFUGA!I4 MACHINE Friedrich Emil Krauss, Schwaraenberg,

Application June 14, 1932, Serial No. 617,216

- In Germany, June 18,1931

9 claims (01. 210-71) I have filed applications as follows: German June 18, 1931, Poland Feb. 25. 1932.

h This invention relates toimprovements in centrifugal machines of the type intended for un- 5 uniform charges, especially with'linen, and it comprises,,in combination with the shell of the 1 machine, a centrifugal so supported and suspended in a shell asto be capable of assuming an oblique position in any direction. If in the 1o driving of such a centrifugal machine the normal number of revolutions is surpassed, orif a more powerful motor has been built in, or if the drum is being rotated while being empty, or if the machine is subjected to over-stresses, or if an excess of load is on one side of thedrum, a critical number of revolutions may arise at which the lateral deflections of the drum axle in the circular path which it describes become too large and its circular motion may be finally transmitted to the gg shell, setting up strong vibrations. It might be possible to limit the deflections of the drum by means of brake rings provided inside the shell, but'nevertheless the shell is subject to violent shocks produced by the contacts of the drum.

as" The object of the present improvement is to prevent too strong deflections of the drum axis,

especially at critical numbers of revolutions, by yieldingly restraining the movement of the drum" transversely to its axis of rotation, or in its radial so plane respectively. This yielding guidance takes place preferably in the centre of the drum and the means therefor may consist, for instance, of

a friction ring attached to, or inserted into, the cover together with a buffer formed, for instance,

36 by a rubber ring, there being left a certain gap permitting the drum. a corresponding play so that said rings come into action only afterthis play-has-been surpassed, the rings acting thenas brakes to reduce the number of the revolutions 140 of the drum. It'is, however, also possible to obviate said play and guide the drum'by means of a suitably inserted pivot bearing held yieldingly at the shell cover. When making use of this constructional form it is suited to the purpose in .45 view to suspend also the cover at the shell in such a manner that it can yield radially, as well as axially, whereby the oscillations. unavoidably produced by the revolutions of the drum are modifled on the one hand at the yielding guide mem- 50 and on the other hand at the yielding'stayf member ofthe cover, in consequence where- 'o'fl'the machine runs exteriorly completely quiet. l e invention is illustrated diagrammatically y way. of example on the accompanying goii w ch Figure 1 is an axial section ,of whichis connected with a disk m.

the arrangement of these claws and projections through an improved centrifugal machine detsigned-according to this invention. Figure 2 is a plan of thismachine, and Figures 3, 4, and 5 show three different modifications, these figures illustrating, however, only the upperhalves of the machine, the lower halves being omitted, because they, in general, correspondwith the lower half of the constructional form shown in Fig. 1. Referring to Fig. 1, a denotes the shell of the machine and ais a bottom, from the centreportion of which rises an elevation b supporting in its centre a column 0 carrying on its top a bearing pan 0' for the rounded pivot bearing 11' of the drum d. Below the elevation b is suspended from the bottom a the motor 9 which drives a fan I located in the elevation b and producing air currents by which the drum d is rotated by the intermediary of blades e projecting forth downwardly from said drum. The elevation b has large perforations through which the currents of air find access to said blades e.

Centrally in the cover k of the shell is arranged a vertical shaft 1', the lower end of which forms a pivot i. The cover It is of particular transverse sectional shape, forming, as it were, a deep and largecircular groove, and its practically cylindrical centre portion projects a little above the horizontal plane of its circumferential edge. Said cylindrical centre portion is closed at its top, and in this top portion has a square hole through which extends the likewise square upper end of the shaft 1'. This latter extends, furthermore, through a sleeve m, the upper end This disk supports a rubber ring 1' arranged in the top of the cylindrical centre portion of the cover, and into said ring Z extends a rubber sleeve Z surrounding the uppermost end of the shaft i, Above this sleeve a ball-shaped (or similarly shaped) member or knob i" is. attached to; the said shaft i. The sleeve m is at its lower end connected with a hollow conical member h provided with aninternal friction covering or lining n, and the pivot i of said shaft extends into a hollow conical member h= extending in turn into saidfirst-mentioned conical member h, 11.. Between the two hollow conical members a certain gap or play is left.

The rim of the cover It might lie directly upon the rim of the shell a, but I prefer to support the-cover upon the shell in a yielding manner, especially by the provision of holding arms a consisting of a yieldable material, as for instance upper rubber claws o' and lower projections o",

5 firmly connected with an arm is hinged at k" use of, the drum d can freely to the shell.

Concerning theaction and effect of the arrangement and combination of the parts described it is suflicient if either the braking members h, n and h or the pivot i" has been provided, but, preferably both these contrivances are used. If only the first-mentioned members are made oscillate laterally upon its bearing pan 0'. as much as the play between the two conical members It and h, including the friction covering 11., permits. If the lateral deviation becomes too large either by the critical number pf revolutions having been reached or by reason of the charge in the drum being very ununiform, especially if too much linen is on one side of the drum, or from any other reason, the braking action takes placebetween'the conical member h and the friction covering 1: of the conical member h which latter members (n and k) can give way in a certain measure owing to the provision of the rubber members I and l.

If the lateral deviations of the drum should become larger, said'rubber members present correspondingly more resistance so that the surpassing of the certain permissible number of revolu-.'

tions or too strong lateral deviations of the drum can with certainty be obviated.

If, besides, the members h, h and n, also the pivot i has been provided, and if this pivot fits approximately correctly into the bore provided for it in the top of the member h, the checking action of the rubber rings 1 and I will take place instantly when the lateral deviations of the drum commence, that is to say, when the axis of the drum commences to leave its proper vertical position. The friction covering n can then also be used for braking by hand, in that a certain pressure is exerted upon the knob i" so as to depress the shaft 1, the sleeve m and the members h and n as much as the rubber rings 2 and l permit,.whereby the friction covering n will be pressed with a corresponding power upon the member h.

The yielding guide members described can be used also as means for transmitting the driving power to the drum. A- constructional form of this kind is shown in Fig. 3, in which the shaft i extends outwardly through the rubber ring Z and the hollow conical member it engages the conical member h forming the top of the central portion of the drum. The shaft i is driven by any suitable motor, may be, by the intermediary of a belt or the like. Any oscillations of the drum are taken up by the yielding guide members, viz. the rubber rings 1 and l.

It is alsopossible to support the drivingmotor in a yielding manner, for which an example is given in Fig. 4. The motor p is in this case surrounded with a flange p which engages a rubber ring I" held in the grooveshaped rim is" of the cover I: of the shells. The motor shaft is" extends downwardly and is at its end provided'with the hollow conical member's. which engages the top of the central portion d of the drum, as in Fig. 3. As the rubber ring 2" is a yielding member, lateral oscillations of the drum and or the motor are rendered possible without any detrimental consequence. A small gap may be left between the top of the central drum portion d" and the conical transmission member n.

Instead of this latter member friction disks might be used, one attached to the shaft p" as a substitute for said conical transmission member 11. and the other attached to the central drum portion 11, and furthermore, instead of the transmission by friction cog-wheel transmission might be provided. V

In the further example illustrated in Fig. 5 the conical members, It and r are intended for use as braking members if the lateral deviations of the drum should become too great. The hollow conical brake member h is secured to the central drum portion (1" and the inverted solid cone 11' is aflixed to the lower end of the vertically movable rod 17 which is located in, and guided by, the.

.sleeve q that consists of a yielding material, es-,

pecially rubber, and is located in the centre of the cover k. On the top of the rod 1' is a disk r" for depressing the rod. A certain gap providing for a little play is left between the members handy, the member 1" being normally held in this position by a helical compression spring, as shown. When the disk r" is depressed, the friction member 1' engages the friction member h whereby the braking is initiated. If the members h and 1'1 are in their normal position and if then' the deviations of the drum become greater than admissible, the braking members operate automatically, in that the member h takes part in the deviation and comes, therefore, in contact with the member 1'', as will be clear without a more detailed description.

Braking the drum can be effected also from. the interior of the central portion thereof, for instance by means of two conical friction members s and s, of which/the first is affixed to the sleeve s", that surrounds the driving shaft 0 and the other is secured to the inner surface of said n5 central drum portion d". The lower end of said sleeve is connected with a double-armed lever t t" fulcrumed at t whereby the sleeve can be lifted and the friction member s can be lifted and pressed into the friction member s.

I claim: 1. In a centrifugal machine, in combination, a drum, a central cup-shaped portion extending upwardly from the bottom of the drum, a bearing for the cup shaped portion admitting lateral movement to said .drum, means independent of the drum engageable with the said central/cupshaped portion for restraining oscillations of said drum beyond a certain extent.

2. In a centrifugal machine, in combination, a drum, a central cup-shaped portion extending upwardly from the bottom of the drum, a bearing for the last mentioned member admitting lateral movement to said drum, independently anranged means adapted to engage said central cup-shaped portion for restraining oscillations of said drum beyond a certain extent, said means being spaced from the central portion for permitting some play between themselves and said central portion. 11m

3. In a centrifugal machine, in combination, a. drum, a central cup-shaped portion extending upwardly from the bottom of the drum, a Journal bearing for said cup-shaped portion admit ting lateral movement to said drum, 9. cover for 5 4 admin, a central cup-shaped portion extending nuance drum, a central cup-shaped portion extending upwardly from the bottom of said drum, a journal bearing for the said central portion admitting lateral movement to said drum, a cover for the machine, means yieldingly arranged in said cover operative to engage said central portion for restraining oscillations of said drums beyond a certain extent, said means leaving some play" between themselves and said central portion.

5. In a centrifugal machine, in combination,

- upwardly from the bottom of said drum, a bearing for the last mentioned element admitting lateral movement to said drum, independently arranged meansv adapted to engage said central portion for restraining oscillations of said drum beyond a certain extent, said means leaving some play between themselves and said central portion being axially movable with relation to said central portion.

6. In a centrifugal machine, in combination, a drum, a central cup-shaped portion extending upwardly from the bottom of said drum, a bearing therefor admitting lateral movement to said drum, a cover for the machine, independently arranged means adapted to engage said central portion for restraining oscillations of said drum beyond a certain extent, said means leaving some play between themselves and said central portion and being axially movable in the cover of the machine against yielding pressure .withrela- S drum,'a central cup-shaped portion extending upwardly from the bottom of said drum, a bearing therefor admitting lateral movement to said drum, a cover for the machine, means yieldingly arranged in the cover and adapted to engage said central portion for restraining oscillations of said drum beyond a certain extent, said means being Joumaled in said cover, and a motor connected to said means .tor driving it and said drum.

8. In a centrifugal drier, a rotary container having a member extending upwardly from the bottom and centrally disposed thereof, an upwardly extending support for said container, said support engaging said member whereby said container is mounted upon said support for tilting movement in all directions, driving means for said container, and a brake comprising cooperating parts secured respectively to said container and said support whereby the brake is operated by the movement of thecontainer away from its axis under the influence of centrifugal force caused by unbalanced loading of the container.

9. In a centrifugal machine, in combination, a drum, a central -cup-shaped portion extending upwardly from the bottom of the drum, a bearing for the last mentioned member admitting lateral movement of said drum, means independently of the drum and located above the cup-shaped portion engageable by the said cup-shaped portion for restraining oscillations of said drum beyond a predetermined extent.

FRIEDRICH EMIL names.

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