US1965817A - Turbine - Google Patents

Description

Patented July 10, 1934 LUNITED STATES TURBINE Walter Wessel,

Application October 24,

8 Claims.

My invention relates to improvements in turbines of the general form that is shown and described in my application filed December 11, 1931, Serial No. 580,365, Steam turbines, and the object of my present improvement is to produce a turbine structure that while having incorporated therein certain of the improvements of the said application has other improvements that are more speciiic in that they are restricted to use in a structure that comprises in a one-piece wheel a pair of rows of buckets located side-byside and separated at their outer ends or edges by a V-shaped dam and involving specifically the location ofthe nozzle for the initial drive impulse and the use of a reversing structure or reversing structures for directing the used steam for reuse.

In the accompanying drawing:-

Figure 1 is a part plan view and a part sectional view on the line 1-1 of Fig. 2 showing my invention as applied to a one piece turbine wheel and showing diagrammatically the relative location of the nozzle, the buckets, the reversing structure and associated parts and the manner of reuse.

Fig. 2 is a sectional view on the line 2,--2 of Fig. 1, said line comprising an oiT-set.

Fig. 3 is a plan View of the reversing chamber that is used in the structure of Fig. 1.

Fig. 4 is a fragmentary view corresponding generally to Fig. 1, showing additional reversing means. Y

Fig. 5 is a plan view of such reversing means.

Fig. 6 is a fragmentary view corresponding to Figs. 1 and 4 showing another modification.

Fig. 7 is a plan View of the reversing means of Fig. 6.

My improved turbine comprises a Wheel or rotor 10 in the form of a one piece structure that is provided on the periphery with buckets 11 of undercut form; a nozzle 12 for directing the steam for the initial drive impulse; and a reversing structure 13 for receiving steam that has beenv used and delivering the same for reuse.

More specifically, the buckets 11 are arranged in two rows side-by-side, respectively, a right row 14 and a left row 15, separated by a dam 16 that terminates at the outer end or edge in the form of a sharp generally V-shaped apex 1'7. The nozzle 12 as shown in Fig. l delivers to one row only, to the right row 14 and just clear of and to one side of the dam 16 so that the path of the steam in the respective buckets 11 would conform approximately to a semi-circle to correspond to the shape of thebuckets and as suggested by the path-indicating line 18.

As to the reversing structure 13, the interior bottom guide wall 19 likewise approximates a semi-circle but of larger diameter, being of overreaching form, and terminating slightly beyond Hartford, Conn.

1932, Serial No. 639,161

the dam 16 so as to direct the stream for reuse substantially directly towards said dam, all as shown in one form of the application mentioned. The reuse stream will thus be divided between the buckets of the two rows. This result is indicated by the path-indicating lines shown, comprising the single line 20 beginning at the receiving side at the right and extending up to near the top 2l where there is a branching in two directions. The inner branch 22 suggests the path for reuse in the right row 14 and the outer'` branch 23 for reuse in the left row 15. The line branch 22 in Fig. l merges in the right row 14 with the initial path-indicating line 18.

The actual location of the reuse would be in oiT- set relation to the initial use. The subject matter involves a high speed moving structure.

In the case of the left branch path-indicating line 23, this merges with the semi-circular line 24 in the left bucket 11 of Fig. 1. It will be noted that the line 24 suggests a path for reuse of steam, which, however, is actually the rst use of steam in the left row 15.

As in the application mentioned, the reuse stream isY compacted before delivery. Thus Ain the reversing structure 13 the collection of used steam would be along an are at the extreme right side 25 and delivery for reuse along an arc 26 at the left side and the reversing structure may be said to be of reversed-fan tail form in that the arc at the right side 25 is relatively long and that at the left side 26 is short. The end walls are converging and in the case of partition walls for subdividing the interior space into a plurality of individual reversing chambers, such walls are likewise converging.

The structure so far described represents one that is complete and fully operative in a satisfactory manner, but as a useful structure would best be restricted to certain denite relations of speed or" the steam and the wheel. For other relations the structure shown in Figs. 4 and 5 will be preferable. The only change involved therein substantially is by way of addition to the reversing structure for extending the reuse yof steam. Such reuse, furthermore, will Vpreferably be individual in that the steam collected from each bucket row will be delivered for reuse to the buckets of this same identical bucket row.

Except for the reversed-fan'tail form for the reversing structure extension or extensions, they of themselves correspond in construction and operation to reversing structures that are in common use for rotors that are provided only with a single row of buckets.

This statement is substantially exactly correct as to the reversing structure extension 27 that is associated with the bucket row 28 that is at the side of the wheel 29 that is remote from the nozzle 30, the dam 31 intervening.

In the case of the mating bucket row 32, into which the nozzle 30 is directed, the reversing structure extension 33 is merged with themain reversing structure part 34 so as to involve some eiect on the details.

As shown, each active reversing structure or part or extension that in a way operates as a unit is composed of a plurality of or a set of reversing chambers. In each case shown there are only two such chambers 35, all of which are alike as to the general characteristics, and differ only in details as to size and the like.

The main part 34 is constructed and arranged to operate as an over-the-top and over-reaching structure. The extensionparts 27 and 33 are merely over-the-top structures.

No one form is adapted for all conditions of use. Selection must be made to obtain the best results for a given condition as to the relating of speed of steam and rate of revolutions of the Wheel. Two such forms have so far been described. In both of these, the buckets of the two rows are shown to be alike. This detail may be changed as well as others that pertain more pari ticularly to the construction and arrangement of the reversing structure.

Thus in Figs. 6 and '7 a structure is shown in which the wheel 36 is provided with buckets of dierent size, the buckets 37 in the right row 38 being appreciably smaller than the buckets 39 of the left row 40, the dam 41 intervening. The reversing structure 42 comprises the main part 43 and the extension 44. The main part 43 operates like the main part 34 for eiecting divided reuse through the medium of the dam 41. Thus said main part 43 is of over-the-top and over-reaching form and receives steam for delivery for reuse from the smaller sized buckets 37 that are associated with the nozzle 45.V

The extension part 44 is restricted to use with the larger buckets 39 at the left and is of simple over-the-top form.

The direction lines and arrows suggest the different steam paths as follows:-Line 46 is the semi-circular path for the initial steam from the nozzle 45 in the right smaller buckets 37; this line 46 is continued up and into the main part 43 to a suggested junction 47 with two branch lines, respectively an inner line 48 that merges with the first mentioned line 46 and an outer line 49; and the latter merging with a circular line 50 that is enclosed by the larger sized bucket structure 39 and the associated extension part 44.

Thus further reuse after the rst reuse in the buckets of the smaller size is omitted, for the assumed reason that for the particular conditions for which the form just described is adapted there would be no worth-while advantage in so doing.

It may be noted that by reason of the eiect of centrifugal force the denser steam hugs the 'walls of the buckets and reversing chambers. Thus the densest steam would be delivered by the extension part 44 to the larger buckets.

I claim as my invention:-

1. In a turbine, a rotor having undercut buckets at the periphery, a nozzle for delivering steam to said buckets, a reversing structure for receiving steam from said buckets and delivering the same for reuse, said buckets being arranged in two rows, separated by a dam, said nozzle being located adjacent said dam for delivery to one only of said rows of buckets, said reversing structure being of over-the-top form and over-reaching form for receiving such steam from the outer side of said buckets, guiding the same over the top thereof, and extending beyond said nozzle and dam, and said over-reaching of the guide struc ture being such that the steam will be directed substantially towards said dam so as to be di vided thereby for divided reuse respectively in the buckets of both of said rows.

2. In a turbine as described in claim 1, said reversing structure comprising an extension that serves to further direct said steam for additional reuse.

3. In a turbine as described in claim l, said reversing structure comprising an extension of double form that serves to deliver the steam for further reuse individually by receiving steam from each of the rows separate from the other and delivering in each case to the same bucket row.

4. In a turbine as described in claim l, said reversing structure comprising an extension that receives such first-reused steam for further reuse, the buckets of the two rows being of diier ent size with the nozzle making drive delivery to the buckets of the smaller size, and said extension being of merely over-the-top form and confined to cooperation with the buckets of larger size.

5. In a turbine, buckets of diiierent size in two rows, separated by a dam, a nozzle for delivering drive steam, located adjacent said dam, and making delivery to the buckets of smaller size, and a reversing structure of two parts, respectively a main part for delivering steam for reuse in divided iorm in the two rows, and an extension part, said extension part operating to restrict further reuse to the buckets of larger size.

6. In a turbine as described in claim l, said reversing structure being provided with walls that converge from the receiving side to the delivery side in reversed-fan-tail form so that the collection of steam is effected along a relatively long arc and the delivery along a short arc.

'7. In a turbine, a rotor having undercut buckets at the periphery, a nozzle for delivering steam to said buckets, a reversing structure for receiving steam from said buckets and delivering the same for reuse, said buckets being arranged in two rows that are located side-by-side and are separated only by a V-shaped dam, said nozzle being located adjacent said dam for delivery to one side only of one only of said rows of buckets, and said reversing structure comprising a reversing chamber part that receives steam from the outer side of one of said rows or" buckets and delivers the same substantially directly towards said dam so that said steam will be divided in the reuse, with part thereof in each of said rows of buckets.

8. In a turbine as described in claim 7, said reversing structure comprising reversing chambers that have guide walls for the steam, and said walls being directed so as to converge from the receiving side to the delivery side, the receiving side being extended along a relatively long arc and the delivery side along a short arc.

WALTER WESSEL.

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