US1956803A - Construction for use in burning bricks - Google Patents

Description

May 1, 1934. A. H. MALLERY CONSTRUCTION FOR USE IN BURNING BRICKS Original Filed Oct. 26, 1929 4 Sheets-Sheet l May 1, 1934- A. H. MALLERY 1,956,803

CONSTRUCTION FOR USE IN BURNING BRICKS Original Filed Oct. 26, 1929 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 NVENTOR /4 /0 /fL//Vem/v /75 /VALLERY Z BY 7ATTORNEY S May l, ,1934.

A. H. MALLERY CONSTRUCTION FOR USE IN BURNING BRICKS Original Filed Oct. 26, 1929 [Hmml u www WAV/QW 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 l NVENTOR //a w@ mv h. MALLOR y BY 2 fr g;

ATI'OR EYS May 1, 1934. A. H. MALLERY CONSTRUCTION FOR USE IN BURNING BRICKS Original Filed Oct. 26, 1929 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 BY l Patented May l, i923@ CONSTRUCTN Arlington lil. Mallery, Columbus, Ohio Application @ctober 25,

1929, Serial No. 402,572

Renewed August l0, 1.933

22 Giainis.

This invention relates to kilns for burning bricks.

In the ordinary brick kiln, bricks are laid up in courses with spaces between the bricks pro- .51 viding access of the heat of the kiln to the sur- 35j kiln are somewhat different from that in the upper layers.

in each unit the lower course, or two courses, are laid with relatively wide spaces in which the tines of the fork may be inserted and the upper twelve or fourteen courses are laid with the usual narrow spaces between the bricks. The result is a kiln made up of distinct layers of bricks with the narrow spaces between the bricks separated by one or two layers of brick iwith wide spaces through which the heated or burning gases pass easily so that each layer is heated as a unit.

The bricks when placed in the kiln contain a very large percentage of water and when the ".re is started in the arches the moisture in t -e bottom layer absorbs practically all of the heat at first until it is turned into steam, while the layers above are kept moist and comparatively cool by the steam, and remain in this condi- Ition until the greater part of the steam is driven out of the rst layer. Then the second layer heats up and the others in succession.

When the bricks being burned are rst heated they expand, then as the moisture is driven Lofi, the bricks contract. When the bricks reach the combustion point of the coal in the body of the bricks, they again expand and when the combustion of the coal is complete, they again contract. The layers of bricks as they are successively heated, expand and contract in succession substantialy as units.

In order to retain and control the heat while burning. outer walls or scoving have ordinarily been used. These walls or scoving have been made up of rectangular blocks or sections of various sizes with vertical joints. The joints between the sections are filled with fire clay or refractory cement which bakes into a hard mass under the heat of the kiln. It is intended that the scoving with the joints covered with re (Cl. ,Z5-432) clay or cement shall form a solid, or substantially solid wall during the burning of the brick. in some cases the scoving has been built in panels comprising rectangular steel frames filled with bricks or concrete and the joints between the panels have been filled with re clay or refractory cement, This clay or cement bakes hard under the heat of the kiln, and during the expansion and contraction of the bricks, the cenient cracks leaving open spaces which let in the air with a very detrimental effect upon the quality of the bricks.

Where scoving made up in panels is employed, the nre clay or refractory cement covering the joints between the panels becomes hard with the heat and with the relative movement of the panels from the uneven expansion and contraction of the kiln, long cracks open up, allowing the air to enter and the heated gases to escape. The wall or scoving frequently is forced outwardly at the bottom o the kiln, thereby cracking the scoving walls or warping the solid panels and allowing a considerable quantity of air to pass upwardly inside the scoving. This results in poorly burned brick in the outer courses of the kiln.

A general object of the present invention is to improve the construction of brick kilns with a View to avoiding the disadvantages in prior constructions above pointed out and to provide a kiln construction which will retain the heat more effectively than has been done in the constructions heretoiore produced.

Another object of the invention is to provide an improved scoving construction for brick kilns which will enable a cement which remains plastic under the heat of the kiln to be employed to fill the spaces between the scoving sections.

Another object of the invention is to improve the construction of the scoving sections with a view of rendering them more sturdy and durable under the rough treatment to which they are subjected in use.

Another object of the invention is to provide a sectional scoving construction which may be readily fitted in place to forni an enclosing casing for the brick and in whichthe sections will maintain their positions in a reliable manner during the lling of the spaces between the same with cement or other filler and during the heating of the brick.

Another object of the invention is to provide a scoving construction which will come and go with the expansion and contraction of the brick and accommodate itself to the independent expansion and contraction of the several layers of the kiln without the formation of cracks between the sections.

With the above and other objects in view, the invention comprises the improved features, constructions and combinations of parts hereinafter described and particularly pointed out in the claims, the advantages of which will be readily understood and appreciated by those skilled in the-art.

The invention will be clearly understood from the accompanying drawings illustrating the invention in its preferred form and the following detailed description of the constructions therein shown.

In the drawings- Fig. 1 is a view in side elevation partly broken away, of a brick kiln embodying the invention;

Fig. 2 is a view in transverse section of the kiln;

Fig. 3 is a view in end elevation of the kiln on a reduced scale;

Fig. 4 is a view in end elevation illustrating the scoving wall;

Fig. 5 is a view in side elevation illustrating a scoving wall made of scoving sections of different forms than those shown in Figs. l, 3 and 4;

Fig. 6 is a view in side elevation of one of the sections of the scoving employed in the construction shown in Fig. 1;

Figs. 7 and 8 are views in side elevation illustrating sections of the scoving employed in the construction shown in Fig. 4;

Fig. 9 is a detail plan view illustrating the manner in which the scoving sections overlap at the end of the kiln;

Fig. 10 is a view partly in front elevation and partly broken away, illustratingrthe construction of one of the sections of the scoving;

Fig. 11 is a sectional view taken substantially on the line 11-11 of Fig. 10;

Fig. 12 is a detail sectional view taken substantially on the line 12-12 of Fig. 10; and

Fig. 13 is a detail view in front elevation illustrating certain parts of the frame and the reinforcing members of a scoving section.

In the form of the invention illustrated in the drawings, the kiln comprises a building structure having a roof (not shown) and a skeleton framework supporting the roof and arranged to surround the bricks which are being burned. The skeleton framework comprises uprights 2 and horizontal beams 4 connecting the uprights. This skeleton framework is preferably made of iron or steel. To enable the brick and the scoving sections to be readily handled, the kiln is provided with a crane mounted on rails 5 attached to the uprights 2. The crane is of the ordinary construction having a frame 6 arranged to travel on the rails 5, and a carriage 7 movably mounted on the frame from which depends a hoisting cable 8.

The bricks to be burned are preferably laid in layers indicated at 9 diminishing in lateral dimensions from the bottom to the top of the successive layers. Each layer comprises two or more courses of bricks 10 at the base of the layer laid in the manner shown in Fig. 2 to provide relatively wide spaces 11 for the insertion of the tines of a brick-handling fork. Above the bricks 10 are laid a series of courses of bricks 12 with relatively narrow spaces between the bricks to enable the heat of the kiln to have access to a large part of the surface of each brick. The bricks in the lowermost layers are laid to form arches 13 in which the burners are located.

About the layers 9 of the bricks to be burned, is formed an enclosing casing at the sides and ends of the kiln to retain the heat. Preferably about the bricks in the layers 9 are formed at the sides and ends of the kiln, walls of double coal brick indicated at 14. These double coal brick are laid so as to form walls inclined toward the central part of the kiln to correspond with the diminution in the lateral dimensions of the layers 9, as shown in Fig. 2. These double coal brick are laid in compact arrangement so as to form a substantially tight retaining wall.

Outside of the walls of coal brick 14, the kiln is enclosed by scoving forming an enclosing casing and made up of a series of sections 16, 16a and 1Gb tted together. These scoving sections may have different forms and may be constructed in various ways Within the scope of the present invention. In any event, the scoving sections are preferably formed so that the ends of the same are inclined to the horizontal when the sections are fitted together so as to retain more efficiently the cement which is placed between the sections to ll the spaces between the same. Figs. l0 to 13 inclusive show the preferred construction of these sections.

As shown in these figures, each of the scoving sections comprises an outer frame preferably formed of iron or steel with transverse connecting bars extending across the frame and connecting the side and end members thereof. The frame is preferably lled with refractory cement or concrete of the desired thickness. As shown in Fig. 10 the scoving frame has the outline of a parallelogram with the ends of the frame eX- tending at oblique angles to the sides thereof. In the construction shown in this gure the scoving frame comprises upper and lower side members 18 and 20 and end members 22 and 24 connected by cross-bars 26. The upper side member 18 of the frame and the end member 22 are each made up of angle bars 28 and an intermediate bar 30 secured together in the relative pcsition shown in Fig. 11 preferably by bolts 32. These bolts also attach the cross-bars 26 to the side and end members of the frame, the crossbars having eyes through which the bolts pass and being applied to the angle bars in the manner shown in Fig. 11. It Will be noted from this figure that the bars 30 located between the angle bars 28 project some dista-nce beyond the angle bars to form tongues. The bars 30 on the upper side members i8 and on the end member 22 are terminated some distance from the adjacent ends of these members and a plate 34 is inserted between the angle bars on the side and end members as shown in Fig. 10 to brace the frame, the plate forming continuations of the tongues formed by the bars 30 on the side and end members. This plate is secured between the angle bars 28 preferably by suitable rivets. The lower side member 20 of the frame and the end member 24 are formed from angle bars 36 secured together in spaced relation in the manner shown in Fig. 1l preferably by suitable bolts. These angle bars are spaced from each other by the cross-bars 25 which extend between the same and the angle bars and cross-bars are secured together by bolts 38 passing through openings in the angle bars and through eyes formed in the cross-bars. The scoving section is thus provided with a groove 37 between the angle bars 36 to receive a projecting portion of a plate bar on the adjacent section.

'Ihe adjaCCnl/ ends of the lower side member 20 and the end member 24 are secured together by means of a plate 40 interposed between the angle bars on said respective members and secured to said angle bars by suitable bolts. The bar 30 on the upper side member 18 is terminated some distance from the end of said member adjacent the end member 24 and the side member 18 and the end member 24 are secured together by a plate 42 interposed between the angle bars on the respective members and secured thereto preferably by rivets. This plate forms a continuation of the tongue formed on the sidemember 18 by the bar 30. The bar 30 on the end member 22 is terminated some distance from the adjacent end of the side member 20, and the end member 22 and the side member 20 are secured together by a plate 44 interposed between the angle bars on the respective members and secured thereto preferably by rivets. This plate forms a continuation of the tongue formed by the bar 30 on the end member 22.

The scoving frame is filled with refractory cement or concrete 46 between the angle bars 28 and 36, this cement covering completely the crossbars 26, as shown in Fig. 11.

In order to enable the filling material to be more efficiently retained along the joint between the side and end members 18 and 22 of a scoving section and the adjacent side and end members of adjacent scoving sections when the sections are set in position in the kiln, these side and end members are provided with retaining members 48 extending along the side and end members. Each of these retaining members consists of an angle bar attached to one of the angle bars 28 of the frame of the scoving so that one of the side plates of the retaining member forms a retaining flange.

In order to enable the scoving sections to be readily handled in laying up, taking down, and transporting the scoving walls, each section of scoving is preferably provided with lifting plates 50. These lifting plates are mounted in slots formed between the angle bars 28 and extending into the concrete of the body of each scoving section. The slots between the angle bars are provided by making the bars 30 for the side member 18 in sections and locating the adjacent ends of adjacent sections in spaced relation. Each of the lifting plates is loosely held in the slot between the angle bars by a bolt 52 passing through the angle bars and through an elongated opening 54 in the lifting plate. The lifting plates normally occupy the position shown in Fig. l0 With relation to the frame of the scoving section with the upper portions of the lifting plate projecting from the scoving frame as shown in Figs. 10 and 12. The lifting plates however, when the scoving section is to be lifted, may be pulled up manually into the dotted line position shown in Fig. 10 to expose the upper ends of the openings 54. Hooks carried by the crane may then be inserted in these openings to lift the section.

Figs. 10 and 13 show the manner in which the cross-bars 26 are secured to the frame members of a section.

The scoving sections at each side of the kiln, as shown in Fig. 1, are of the same shape as that shown in Fig. 10 except the sections 16a at the end of the side wall. The sections 16a differ in shape from the sections 16 in that the ends of the same adjacent the end wall are inclined to correspond with the inclination ofthe end wall. The sections 16h at the end of the kiln, as shown in Fig. 1, are similar to the sections having an inclination corresponding to the inclination of the side wall.

The scoving sections are laid up in intertting relation to form an outer enclosing wall for the kiln in the manner shown in Figs. 1 and 4. In iitting the sections together, the bars 30 at the upper side and one end of one section are inserted in the grooves 37 between the angle bars 36 of adjacent sections. At each corner of the kiln the scoving sections of the end wall preferably are arranged to overlap the adjacent sections of the side wall, as shown in Fig. 9. When tted together in the manner described, the scoving sections form walls extending about all four sides of the kiln. Preferably the width of each scoving section is such that when the sections are fitted together to cover the sides of the kiln, each section will extend from the top to the bottom of one of the layers of bricks. Thus the hori- Zontal joints between the scoving sections will correspond with the lines of separation between the layers.

In order to hold yieldingly the sections in position, endless springs 56 are inserted between abutments on the building frame and the sections. These springs preferably consist of iiat strips of spring steel bent into ring form and having the ends thereof secured together. At the sides of the kiln these springs are preferably inserted between the bars 4 of the frame and the angle bars 48 at the upper sides of the respective sections. At the ends of the kiln, the frame is provided with additional transverse bars 58 resting on and secured to the bars 4 and the springs are interposed between these bars 58 and the angle bars 48 on the scoving sections. The lower margins of the lowermost sections are yieldingly held in place by coiled springs 60 interposed between one of the bars 4 and the margins of said sections. These springs 56 and 60 yieldingly hold the scoving sections in place and at the same time enable the sections to move inwardly and outwardly with the expansion and contraction of the bricks being burned.

In order that the scoving sections may form a tight enclosing wall for the kiln, the joints between the sections are covered preferably with a plastic cement which does not harden under the heat of the kiln. This cement is inserted in the troughs formed between each section and the angle bar 48 on the adjacent section. The cement will thus cover the joints between the sections. Since the cement does not harden under the heat of the kiln, it will not crack as the sections of the scoving move outwardly and inwardly during the expansion and contraction of the brick and air is prevented from entering the kiln along the joints between the scoving sections, at all times during the burning of the brick. The inclination of the troughs for retaining the cement at the ends of the scoving sections is such that the cement will not iiow downwardly in these troughs under the action of gravity. Instead of cement, granular material such as sand may be inserted in the troughs to covei` the joints between the sections if desired.

As shown in Fig. 1, the lowermost scoving sections are provided with openings 62 for ring the kiln.

Instead of scoving sections of the form shown in Fig. 10, sections of the form shown in Figs. 5, 7 and 8 may be employed. The sections 64 and 64a as shown in these figures are trape- 16o in shape, one end of each of the sections 161)' zoidal in form, the upper and lower sides being parallel and the ends inclined at oblique angles to the parallel sides. These sections are preferably made with metallic frames, the side and end members of which are connected by cross-bars all having substantially the same construction as the frame of the section shown in Fig. 10. The section 64 is provided with angle bars 66 attached to the frame along the two inclined sides and along the shorter of the two parallel sides to retain the joint-covering material. The sections 64a are provided on their upper sides with angle bars 68 extending along the longer of the two parallel sides for the same purpose. The sections are fitted together in the manner shown in Fig. 5. As shown in this figure, the sections at the end of a side wall have a form similar to the sections 64a except that the ends of the same which meet the end wall sections are inclined, to correspond with the inclination of the end wall.

It will be noted that the adjacent scoving sections are connected together at the joints between the same for movement in unison toward and from the central portion of the kiln. The connection between the adjacent sections, however, permits a relative angular movement of the sections. Several sections of the scoving, therefore, can readily accommodate themselves to the unequal expansion and contraction of the bricks in the various parts of the kiln.

It is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the particular construction and arrangement of parts of the illustrated embodiment of the invention, but that the invention may be embodied in other forms within the scope of the claims.

Having explained the nature and object of the invention and having specifically described a con- A struction embodying the invention in its preferred form, what is claimed is:

1. A construction for use in burning bricks comprising in combination a series of scoving sections tted together to form an enclosing wall and having lateral edges extending obliquely `to the horizontal, and means for covering the joints between the sections.

2. A construction for use in burning biicks comprising in combination a series of scoving sections forming an enclosing wall when te together edge to edge, and a iiller of a character which remains plastic when subjected to the heat of the kiln for covering the joints between the sections.

3. A construction for use in burning bricks `comprising, in combination, scoving made up of a series of sections iitted together and having adjacent sections connected at the joints between the same for movement in unison toward and kfrom the central portion of the kiln, and for relative angular movement, and means tending yieldingly to force the sections inwardly toward the bricks in the kiln and permitting the sections to move outwardly and inwardly during the expansion and contraction of the bricks.

4. A construction for use in burning bricks comprising in combination a series of scoving sections tted together to form an enclosing wall for the kiln, means for yieldingly holding the sections in position during the burning of the bricks, and a lling material which will not harden under the heat of the kiln covering the joints between the sections.

5. A construction for use in burning bricks comprising in combination a series of scoving sections placed edge to edge to form an enclosing wall and a ller which will not harden under the heat of the kiln for covering the joints between the sections.

6. A construction for use in burning bricks comprising in combination a series of scoving sections tted together to form an enclosing wall for the kiln, and springs positioned to act on the adjacent margins of adjacent sections substantially at the joints between the same to press the sections yieldingly toward the central portion of the kiln.

7. A construction for use in burning bricks comprising in combination ascoving made up of a series of sections, certain of which have marginal outwardly-projecting flanges forming Eller-retaining troughs and a ller placed within said flanges for covering the joints between the sections.

8. A construction for use in burning bricks comprising in combination a series of scoving sections tted together to form an enclosing wall and having lateral edges extending obliquely to the horizontal, certain of said sections having a filler-retaining means extending along the margins thereof, and a filler applied to said retaining means to cover the joints between the sections.

9. A scoving section for brick kilns having edges arranged to extend generally in a horizontal direction when the section is in operating position and lateral edges arranged to extend obliquely to the horizontal.

l0. A scoving section for brick kilns having edges arranged to extend generally in a horizontal direction when the section is in operating position and lateral edges arranged to extend obliquely to the horizontal, and means extending along certain of said edges for retaining lling material.

11. A scoving section having a metallic frame, reinforcing members extending across said frame, and cement filling the space within said frame.

l2. A scoving section having a metallic frame, reinforcing members extending across said frame, and cement lling the space within said frame and surrounding said reinforcing members.

13. A scoving section having a metallic frame, cement lling the space within said frame, and a nange projecting from said frame to overlap a portion of an adjacent section.

14. In a brick kiln a scoving section having a metallic frame, a marginal groove in said frame, a second scoving section having a metallic frame and a tongue on said frame arranged to extend into said groove and to be embraced by the portions of the frames of the first section on opposite sides of the groove to cause the adjacent margins of the sections to move outwardly and inwardly together during the expansion and contraction of the brick in the kiln.

15. In a brick kiln, the combination with a i scoving section, of means attached to said section for holding in place material for covering the joint between said section and an adjacent section.

16. In a brick kiln, the combination with a scoving section of an angle bar attached to said section and extending along a margin thereof for holding material for covering the joint between said section and an adjacent section.

17. A scoving section comprising angle bars, i

means for attaching the angle bars together to form a frame open on both sides thereof, and cement iilling the opening in said frame.

18. A scoving section comprising a series of angle bars attached together to form a frame,

and a tongue-forming bar attached to one of the members of the frame.

19. A scoving section having a frame, one or more side members of which are formed by spaced angle bars secured together, a tongue-forming bar secured between the angle bars on one or more sides of the frame, and cement filling the opening in said frame.

20. A scoving section having a frame one or more sides of which are formed by angle bars secured togetherH in spaced relation to form a groove between the bars for the reception of a tongueA on l/m adjacent section.

ARLINGTON H. MALLERY.

Images