US1951379A - Combined gas and oil burner - Google Patents

Description

March 20, 1934. J, T, VOORHElS 1,951,379

COMBINED GAS AND OIL BURNER Filed Sept. 26, 1930 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 u u Qauanu una anun llllllllll [n Ver; for, cfosep/QT- Vorhe/s,

March 20, 1934. J, T. vooRHEls 1,951,379

COMBINED GAS AND OIL BURNER Filed Sept. 26, 1930 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Patented Mar. 20, 1934 UNITED STATES Parser @erica f 6 Claims.

This invention relates to an oil and gas burner, and particularly relates to a burner of the combination type.

In the operation'of various furnaces, stills and other apparatus requiring intense heat, it has recently become common practice to provide burners which may simultaneously or separately einploy liquid and gaseous fuel, and the combustion of which is supported by a supply of air which may have previously attained a relatively high degree of temperature.

Due to the fact that the air and fuels must be properly mixed for efficient combustion it is necessary to design a burner especially adapted to solve these problems, and it is the principal object of the present invention to provide a burner structure receiving a gaseous fuel and projecting it from the end of the burner in the form of a hollow cone, and simultaneously projecting an atomized liquid fuei into the apex of said cone for combustion therewith, or may be used in substitutes for said gaseous fuel, said fuels being properly supplied and mixed with air to give a flame of excessive heat intensity.

The present invention contemplates the pro1 vision of a rectangular housing which admirably lends itself to brick construction Work, and Within which housing a burner unit is carried, which unit embodies an annular gas ring and/or a liquid fuel atomzer, as well as means whereby air may be delivered and caused to have a gyratory movement within the structure, and to flow into the furnace through a throat having suitable stream lines.

The invention is illustrated by Way of example in the accompanying drawings in which:

Figure 1 is a view in transverse section taken centrally of the burner with which the present invention is concerned, and showing it as installed in a furnace wall. Y

, Fig. 2 is a view in plan showing the burner structure in section and elevation.

Fig. 3 is an end view of the burner structure.

Fig. 4 is a view in transverse section through the burner structure as seen on the line 4 4 of Fig. l.

Fig. 5 is an enlarged fragmentary view in section showing the torch and observation tube, as seen on the line 5-5 of Fig. 3.

Fig. 6 is an enlarged View in elevation showing the portion of the burner structure which includes the air regulating structure.

Referring more particularly to the drawings, 10 indicates an outer furnace wall, usually formed of sheet steel, and may be lined with insulating material as shown. 11 indicates an inner furnace wall spaced from the front furnace Wall and providing an air duct 12, by which air may be led to a burner structure 13 in a manner whichA will be hereinafter described.

The wall 11 is provided with a protecting covering 14, such as nre clay or fire brick, and which protecting cover is within the furnace chamber.

The burner structure includes a rectangular housing 15 which extends through openings in 05 the walls 10 and l1. This housing is formed with a limiting flange 16 resting against the outer face of the wall i0, and a iiange 17 resting against the outer face of the inner wall 11. As

shown in Fig. 4 of the drawings, the housing in-l 70 cludes side walls 18 and 19, and top and bottom walls 20 and 21, respectively. The housing 15 is a composite structure including a rear wall section 22, a forward section 23 and an intermediate damper section 24. These three sections when assembled form the continuous walls18 to V21, inclusive. The various sections are bolted toA gether by bolts 25, which pass through lugs 26 and 27. Y

The walls in the damper section are each 30 formed with a rectangular opening 28, which is fitted with a sliding cover 29. The cover is seated along its opposite marginal edges ingrooves 30 and 3l, forming a part of the damper section, and along which the cover may be slid from a. full closed to a full opened position.

At the corners of the walls 18to 21, and in the damper section, guide lugs 32 are provided to receive an operating cable 33. This-cable is substantially endless and is led around the entire 90 perimeterof the damper section as Well as given several conveiutions around an operating shaft 34. This shaft is mounted in bearings'at one corner of the structure, as shown in Fig. 3, and may be rotated by a crank 35.

Attention is directed to the fact that the length of any one of the side walls is substantially twiceY the length of a damper opening 28, so that the cover 29 may be moved from over the top thereof to a completely opened position. This` makes it necessary for the openings 28 to be offset with relation to the transverse center of the structure, and will cause air infiowing through the openings to assume a tangential course and set up a gyratory motion as it passes into the several open- 106 ings 28, and then travels longitudinally of the burner structure.

The air supplied tothe openings 28 is delivered through the conduit 12, in which conduit the air may be under conditions of exceedingly 110 high temperature, such for example as 1060 F.

Mounted within the housing 15, is a cylindrical liner 36, which is formed with ports 37 in register with the damper openings 28. The rear end of the housing 15 and the liner 36 are closed by a wall 38 constructed of heat insulating and resisting material. The forward end of the liner 36 is assembed with a throat casting 39 which agrees in diameter with the liner along contiguous edges, and is then reduced in diameter towards its outer end, making a restricted throat passageway 40. Spaced from the outer end of the passageway 40, and having an outwardly flaring face 41 as a substantial continuation of the throat 39 is a fire clay throat 42 which abuts against the end of the housing 15, and is mounted within the wall 11.

Attention is directed to the fact that the outwardly flaring face of the lire clay throat 42 terminates along the circumferential line 43 and from that point it flares outwardly and inwardly as indicated at 44. The inner face of the fire clay throat 42 is spaced a distance from the throat casting 39 suiiicient to forman annular passageway 45 through which jets of gas may be projected from perforations 46 in an annular burner structure 47. This burner structure is mounted Within the housing 15 and substantially circumscribes the mouth of the throat casting 39. The direction of longitudinal axes of the perforations 46 in the burner 47 is such as to insure that gaseous fuel will be projected outwardly through the annular passageway 45 tending to form a hollow cone Within the end of the fire clay throat 42.

The annular gas ring is suitably connected A with supply pipes 47', and may be operated and controlled invany desired manner.

Formed in the rear closing structure of the burner is a central horizontally positioned bearing 48, through which a burner guide pipe 49 4024 extends. Suitable mechanical or steam atomized oil burners may be positioned through the guide pipe 49 if it is desired to supplement the gas ring with other burner means.

In order that the burner may be lighted and alsol for special purposes, a tube is positioned to extend through the wall 38. On the inner end of thistube and within the burner is a cover 56 which may be swung to an opened position. The tube 55 extends through the wall 38 and itsouter end is closed by a cover 57 which is pivoted by the shaft 58. The shaft 58 extends through the wall 38 and carries the cover 56 at itsinner end. A spring 59 is wound around thef'outer end of the shaft 58 and tends to ex- 5 pand and hold the covers 56 and 57 in close contact against the end of the tube 55. A collar 60 limits the expansion of the spring 59 and holds the spring under compression.

Y The outer end of the shaft 58 isrformed with a handle 61, which makes it possible for the shaft and the inner cover 56 to be readily moved when it is necessary to ignite the fuel within the burner or for inspection.

The condition of the re within the burner maybe readily Vascertained when the cover 56 is moved to one side. The outer cover 57 carries a colored observation window and is mounted to swing freely upon the shaft 58 and is formed with a lug portion 63 having an open ended slot to receive a lug bolt 64 by which it may be fastened when a Wingnut 65 is tightened down upon the outer cover 57.

In operation of the present invention air is delivered to the burner structure through opening 28 as controlled by the sliding'cover-ZB. The

gas projecting from the burner openings in high velocity jets will tend to cause air to be drawn in around the throat casting 39, which will then commingle with the gas, the jets of which project inwardly to the throat 42 and will create the proper preliminary'mixture of the gas and air prior to mixing with the main volume of air whereby the gases will burn somewhat in the manner of the Bunsen burner and will insure that a suitable torch-like flame of uniform density will be projected from the throat 42 and into the furnace.

In Fig. 6, one of the dampers is shown as partially enclosing the corresponding damper opening 28. In Fig. 2 a damper door is shown as completely closing an opening 28. In any event, the dampers will act to control the incoming volume of air.

It is to be understood that as here shown, this air is heated to a high temperature and that it should be permitted to flow into the burner in relatively large columns. These columns of inflowing air enter the burner along paths tangential to the circumference ofA the' burner and offset from the longitudinal axis of the liner 36. This insures that the flowing column of air will tend to set up gyrations within the central liner 36 and will move forwardly through the restricted throat 39 and the inner throat member 42.

Attention is directed to the factthat the surfaces of the throat members 39 and 42 combine to give a Venturi effect, and to first restrict the iiow of gaseous product and then to freely permit it to flare outwardly and into the burner. In this operation the gas jets will be directed toward a common apex within the burner throat and will be diverted from that point by the relatively large volume of air flowing centrally of the burner throat. This will open the cone of flame and cause it to flare automatically along the outer throat surface 44'as combustion takes place.

Attention is also directedto the manner in which the annular gas ring is concealed between the throat members 39 and 42, and tothe manner in which the jets of gas may project into the column of iiowing air without interfering with the stream line effect. This insures that the column of flowing air will pass into the combustion chamber with a minimum amount of friction and that the burning gas will be uniformly introduced into it.

While I have shown the preferred form of my invention as now known to me, it will be understood that various changes may be made in the combination, construction and arrangement of parts by those skilled in the art, without departing from the spirit of the invention i as claimed. y Y

Having thus described my invention, what I claim and desire to secure by Letters'Patent`-is:

1. In a burner structure of the character'described, an outer housing of rectangular section f scribed, an outer housing of rectangular section and having a passageway formed through each of its side walls, an inner shell enclosed thereby of circular section and having passageways formed through its side wall to register with the openings in the side walls of the outer housing and being disposed tangentially of the axis of said circular housing, communicating ducts between said inner and outer openings, damper members mounted over the outer openings for controlling the volume of air flowing therethrough to the inner shell, and means simultaneously operating all of said control members.

3. In a burner structure of the class described, a Venturi throat, an annular opening in said throat inwardly of and adjacent the restricted area thereof, the inwardly haring end being formed by a frusto-conical shell through which a relatively large volume of air may pass, a housing having air admission means therein enclosing and spaced from said shell and forming in connection therewith an annular passageway around the shell permitting a relatively small volume of air to flow into the throat through the annular opening therearound and between the shell and housing, and an annular gas burner disposed around the shell within said annular opening to project jets of fuel into the central passageway through the throat and toward the outer end thereof whereby air will be drawn in around the shell to initially mix the fuel and the resulting flame and thereafter be projected outwardly through the throat as it commingles with the centrally flowing relatively large volume of air.

4. A burner structure comprising a tubular housing into which air may pass and from one end of which the air may flow outwardly, a frusto-conical throat member mounted in the said end of said housing and being spaced therefrom so that air may flow through the housing around the frusto-conical throat member and through the frusto-conical throat member, and an annular burner mounted within the said end of the housing and surrounding the restricted end of the throat, said burner projecting fuel jets beyond the end of the throat to form a substantially cone shaped flame.

5. A burner structure comprising a tubular housing into which air may pass and from one end of which the air may flow outwardly, a frustoconical throat member mounted in the said end of said housing and being spaced therefrom so that air may iiow through the housing around the frusto-conical throat member and through the frusto-conical throat member, an annular burner mounted within the said end of the housing and surrounding the restricted end of the throat, said burner projecting fuel jets beyond the end of the throat to form a substantially cone shaped iiame, and an outer throat member disposed at the said end of the tubular housing and having an outwardly flaring central opening therethrough, the inner edge of said throat member being spaced from the outer edge of the frusto-conical throat member to form an annular passageway through which the fuel jets from the burner may project.

6. A burner structure comprising a tubular housing into which air may pass and from one end of which the air may ow outwardly, a frustoconical throat member mounted in the said end vof said housing and being spaced therefrom so that air may iiow through the housing around the frusto-conical throat member and through the frusto-conical throat member, an annular burner mounted within the said end of the housing and surrounding the restricted end of the throat, said burner projecting fuel jets beyond the end of the throat to form a substantially cone shaped ame, and air controlled dampers for controlling the iiow of air to the housing.

JOSEPH T. VOORHEIS.

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