US1644610A - Burner - Google Patents

Description

E @44,6% Get 4 1927 G. 1 REICHHELM 9 BURNER Filed oct. 13, 1924 2 Sheets-sheet g,

Oct. 4,1927a G. L. RElcHHELM BURNER Filed octf 15, 1924 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 y @Orge Z. Edah/m@ www Patented Oct. 4, 1927.

UNITED STATES GEORGE L. EEICHHELM, or ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY,

PATENT OFFICE.

AssIGNoR rro THE GASIEIER COMPANY, OF ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY, A CORPORATION OF NEW JERSEY.

BURNER.

Application led October 13, 1924. Serial No. 743,189.

The present invention relates to burners which may be used for a great variety of purposes and has for one of its objects the provision of a burner which'is conveniently arranged for preheating and which involves a structure in which the deposit of carbon is eliminated.

A further object of the present invention is to provide a burner useful both in high pressure and low pressure fuel supply systems.

A further object is to rovide a burner which may be readily adjusted and when once adjusted may be securely held in adjusted position.

A further object is to provide a burner of simple construction which will be simple and eliicient in operation.

A further object is to provide a burner ensuring differential velocities in the flow of combustible material, whereby high velocity may be had out of certain orifices and low velocity out of others.

A further object is to provide a burner which will maintain combustion of the fuel at a region closely adjacent to the outlet orifice, even While maintaining a relatively high velocity of fuel.

A further object is to provide a. burner so constructed and arranged as to cause a steady and constant ignition of the fuel stream, which will eliminate the puiiing and rumbling commonly attendant to the burning of fluid fuels.

A further object is to provide a burner which will be self-cleaning and which is particularly adaptable for burning a Huid fuel of high carbon content.

A further object is to provide a process of burning fiuid fuel whereby a long flame will Y be projected from an orifice, which flame will start at a region closely adjacent to said orifice.

A further object is to provide a process of burning a fluid fuel whereby a rapidly moving stream of said fuel may be i nited at a point closely adjacent-to the projecting orice. v

A further object is to provide a burner which will efficiently burn gas supplied at a low temperature.

A further object is to provide a burner which will efficiently burn gas of low ealorific power.

Further objects will appear as the description proceeds.

Referring to the drawings-4 Figure 1 is a sectional view 'of a construction embodying the principles of the present invention;

Figures 2 and 3 are views, taken at different angles, of a burnertip used in the practice of the present invention;

Figure 4 is a view of a modified form of burner tip; l

Figure 5 is a view of a burner structure which will emit a blue flame, said burner being provided with areadily removable jet projecting member for projecting fiame of fan-shaped conformation;

Figure 6 is an end View of the structure shown in Figure 5;

Figures? and 8 are transverse( sectional views and end elevational views, respectively, of a jet projecting member suitable for use in the structure shown in Figures 5l and invention, which burner structures project blue flames in certain predetermined planes for use in a restricted region.

Referring first to Figure 1, the numeral 1 represents a pipe or conduit for conducting fuel. vSaid plpe 1 is internally screwthreaded at its end portion for receiving a burner tip 2, which internally and externally screw-threaded. According to the disclosure of Figure 1 the burner tip 2 serves as mounting means or a second burner tip 3, whichis also both internally and externally screw-threaded. The burner tip 3 serves as a mounting means for a third burner tip 4, which may also be both internally and externally screw-threaded. Any desired number of 'burner ti s may be mounted one within the other, it being underurner tip may be bothl stood that the number of burner tips will beb chosen to suit the particular needs. One or more of said burner tips may beused without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

The threads within the end of thepipe 1 and on the interior and exterior of the burner tips 2, 3 and 4 will preferably be pipe threads, whereby the fit of said burner tips relative to one another and relative to the pipe 1 may be adjusted by the mere expedient of turning said burner tips into or out of one another or into and out of the pipe 1. Setscrews 5-5 are provided, which setscrews may be arranged in sets of three, the setscrews of each set being symmetrically placed about the axis of the pipe 1. Said setscrews will hold the burner tips 2, 3 and 4 in adjusted position.

Each of the burner tips 2, 3 and 4 is provided with a baffle, or collar, 6 at its outer end. The screw-threaded portion and collar of each of the burner tips 2, 3 and 4 are provided with a plurality of longitudinally extending slots 7-7, said slots being arranged preferably on the external peripheries of said burner tips. It will be clear that the slots 7-7 provide passageways for the fuel externally of the burner tips. In View of the fact, also, that the threads on the burner tips are loose fitting, fuel will also find its way through a tortuous passageway through said screw-threads, the size of said passageways being adjustable by the expedient of turning the corresponding burner tips in or out. The setscrews 5-5 hold the burner tips in adjuited position and also serve to hold said burner tips in positions symmetrically with the axis of the pipe 1. it will be clear that fuel passing through the pipe 1 will have a main stream through the interior passageway provided by the burner tips and will have auxiliary streams of lower velocity around the external screw-threads of the burner tips and through the longitudinally extending slots of said burner` tips. The fuel passing around the screw-threads is ignited and is baled in a manner similar to water flowing over riffles'. The flames resulting from the igniting of the fuel passing over the screw-threads heat and ignite the streams which pass through the slots 7-7. In case of relatively high pressure, the flames referred to are projected against the baflies or collars 6 6, effectually heating the burner tips.

Though Figure 1 discloses three burner tips, it will be clear that the action in each of the tips will be similar to that above described. The reason for the multiplicity of burner tips will now be explained. Y

. The longitudinally extending slots 7 in the first burner tip 2 may be of relatively small dimensions, the slots in the burner tip 3 be-4 ing of larger dimensions and theslots in the urner tip 4 being of still larger dimensions.

In the case of a relatively low pressure of fuel within the pipe 1, one burner tip may be sufficient, but in the event of a high pressure within the pipe 1 with a consequently high velocity of fuel, the' flames emitted around the exterior of said burner tip may not be sufficient for the proper ignition of the main stream of fuel and may not be sufficient -to keep the burner tip 2 at the necessary temperature. With the multiplicity of burner tips illustrated in Figure 1, the flow of fuel through the slots in burner tip 2 will be less than the flow of fuel through the slots 7 in the burner tip 3. Nevertheless, the flames emitted at the exterior of the burner tip 2 will be suflicient to keep the burner tip 2 at a red heat and will be sufficient to ignite the flow of fuel around the exterior of the Aburner tip 3. The ames emitted around the burner tip 3 will be sufficient to keep said burner tip 3 at the necessary heat and will also ignite the gas emitted around the exterior of the burner tip 4. The flames passing over the exterior of the burner tip 4 will maintain said burner tip at a high temperature and will ignite the rapidly flowing fuel passing through the interior ofvsaid burner tip 4. By reason of the fact that the passageways through the screw-threads and slots on the exteriors of the burner tips, the rate of flow of fuel therethrough is reduced to less than the rate of flame propagation, whereby the flames on the exterior of saidburner tips will be self-sustaining regardless of the rate of flow through the pipe 1. By reason, of this construction, the rapidly flowing stream of fuel emitted by burner tip 4i; ignited at a region closely adjacent to the orifice of said burner tip 4, such ignition being maintained by the continuous flames passing over the exterior of said burner tip 4. In the case of a rich gas, a highly luminous white flame is maintained from a region closely adjacent to the orifice of the burner tip 4 throughout an extended length. By reason of this construction a long flame may be maintained, even though the` flow of fluid fuel is more rapid than the rate of flame propagation. It will be clear that if a large volume of flame is produced around the burner tips, said flame will be drawn into the main stream and keep lighted the main stream at the discharge orifice.

The luminosity of a flame dependsupon agitation of the stream, the amount of carbon or other particles which can be heated to incandescence in said stream and upon the heat of the stream. The baffles on the exterior of the burner tips provide the agitation required for luminosity, and the heating of the streams by the external flames provides the necessar temperature of said stream. The partie es which are adapted to be heated to incandescence are contained in the fuel delivered bypipe 1 or carried by said fuel. By controlling the ratio of the external llames to the main stream, the degree of luminosity may be controlled. lIf preferred, the fuel delivered by pipe 1 may be charged with a foreign substance adapted to be heated to incandescence for the purpose of increasing luminosity.

A further advantage accruing from the described structure is the following: By reason of the fact that the burner tip 2 is only loosely mounted within the pipe 1, there is very poor heat conductivity from said burner tip 2 to said pipe 1. Due to this fact the burner tip 2, as well as the other burner tips, maintain their heat to a very considerable degree, producing the advantage that the temperature of the stream of fuel fiowing through said tips is raised to a high value, and at t-he same time dangerously high temperatures are not communicated throu h 'the pipe 1 to surrounding objects. It' ould also be noted that the flow of fuel within the tips 2, 3 and 4 while being heated by said tips has the attendant effect of keeping said burner tips from becoming dangerously hot. That is to say, the very fact that the main stream of fuel is raised in temperature carries with it the advantage that undue temperatures of the burner tips are avoided.

Figure 4 illustrates a modified form of burner tip having an undercut collar portion 8. It will be noted that the surface of the collar 8 against which the Haines passing between the screw-threads are projected is of conical formation and has a tendency to deiect said flames reversely. By reason of this construction, the area of contact of said external flames with the collar 8 is increased, whereby the heat transfer between the burner tips and the iiow of gas through the interior of saidtip is increased.

Referring now to Figures 5 .and 6, the numeral 9 represents a conduit having a rear wall 10, which has mounted therein the ipe 1, which pipe 1 is provided with the urner tip 2. Cooperating with the wall 10 is the shutter #11. The rear wall 10 and shutter 11 are provided with apertures 12 and 13, respectively. When the apertures 13 are in registry with theapertures 12, a flow of air is permitted from the outside atmosphere to the conduit 9. By a mere rotation of the shutter 11, the apertures 13 may be thrown out of registr with the apertures 12, whereby said flow o air is cut off. The conduit 9 is enlarged at its outer end, as indicated by the numeral 14, and is arranged for the reception of a removable jet rojector 15. The particular jet projector i ustrated in Figures 5 and 6 is provided with a series `of burner tips 2 2 having their axes arranged in a single plane but arranged in fan-shaped formation, whereby to project a liame of fan-shaped formation. It will be understood that the jet projector 15 may be replaced by jet projectors which will vdirect flames in other formations. Examples of jet projectors which may be used within the enlargement 14 of the conduit 9 are shown in Flgures 7, 8, 9 and 10.

The structure illustrated in Figure 5 will operate with an inspirator or injector action somewhat analogous to the action of a Bunsen burner. Assuming that fuel is being supplied through the pipe 1, and assuming that a flow of air is being had through the ports 13 and 12, the burner tip 2 will, when alight is applied to said burner tip, emit a hot blue flame, whereby the conduit 9 will be quickly heated. After the conduit 9 has been raised t0 the required temperature, the shutter 11 may be closed, or nearly closed, so lthat the external flames surrounding the burner tip 2, as well as the flame emitted by the main orifice, will be extinguished, leaving a flow of unignited fuel. The shutter 11 may then be opened to permit a flow of air through the ports 13 and 12. At this time a mixture of fuel from the pipe l and of air through the ports 13 and 12 passes through the conduit 9 to the et projector 15. By reason of the preheating of the conduit 9, condensation of moisture is avoided. The mixture of air and fuel passing through the burner tips 2 2 in the jet projector` 15 may be ignited at the burner tips 2 2, and inasmuch as the fuel has had the requisite amount of air supplied thereto within the conduit 9, a hot blue flame will result. The conduit 9 is illustrated as being in the form of a Venturi tube, whereby to provi-de a uniform expansion of the mixture of fuel and air. the jet projector 15 may be omitted, the mixture of fuel and air being ignited within the conduit 9. At a certain region in the length of said conduit 9, the rate of flow of air and fuel will be the same as the rate of flame propagation, at which region eihcient combustion of said fuel and air will occur.

Referring now to Figure 11, the numeral 16 indicates a cylindrical furnace having the pipes 1--1 leading to the interior thereof t-angentially of said furnace. Said pipes 1-1 may deliver any preferred fuel or a mixture of fuel and air, whereby to direct a hot lswirling` flame tangentially Within said furnace. Each of the pipes 1-1 is provided with the burner tip 2 for producing ignition close to the outlets of said pipes 1-1. Preferabl the pipes 1-1 will be so directed that the ames emitted by each burner tip 2 will be directed at a point just below the next burner tip 2, whereby each of the projected flames will 'aid in ignitin'g the next adjacent stream.

According to the structures illustrated in Figures 12 and 13, the conduits 9-9 are pro- It will be understood that if desiredof cylindrical shape,

Will be understood, of course,

'flame from saidA conduit dispose vided with burner tips 2-.2 for pro'ecting flames having their axes in substantia ly the same planes. Structures of the types illustrated in Figures 12 and 13 have many industrial uses. j

Figure 1 shows a shield 7, which may be which shield may be provided to prevent the retaining flames from diverging in case the slots are not accurately made. Said shield also prevents the accidental extinguishing of said retaining flames. Said shield 7 may be of sheet metal, fire clay vor other preferred material. It that the collar` 6 may take other geometrical forms rather than the generally cylindrical form illustrated, if preferred.

Though the present invention has been illustrated in certain physical embodiments, many modifications will occur to those skilled in the art. It is intended to cover all such modifications that fall within the scope of the appended claims.

What is claimed is:

1. A burner comprising a fuel supply member and a burner tip mounted therein, said burner tip comprising an annular membr having baffles on its exterior and being formed with slotted fuel passageways parallel with the axis of said annular member, said passageways being formed to direct flames toward the outer end of said burner IZ. A burner comprising a fuel conduit, an annular burner tip loosely mounted within said conduit to provide an annular passageway for `fuel and having an outer peripheral surface of relatively large area whereby jets of flame from said fuel conduit playing upon said outer peripheral surface will heat said burner tip to a relatively high temperature, said burner tip being formed to permit said jets of flame to communicate with the main stream of fuel passing through the interior of said annular burner tip.

3. A burner comprising a fuel conducting conduit having a screw-threaded portion, a burner tip mounted therein, said burner tip comprising an annular member having a screw-threaded exterior portion cooperating with the screw-threaded portion of said conduit to provide an annular passageway for fuel, said cooperating screw-threaded portions including pipe threads whereby the fit therebetween may be readily adjusted, said pipe threads providing between them tortuous passageways for fuel.

4. A burner comprising a fuel conducting conduit, an annular burner therein, said burner tip being formed to provide a passageway between said conduit and said burner tip around the outer periphery of said burner tip, said outer periphery having a relatively large area wherely jets of around mounted therein and providin tip mounted said periphery ,will heat said burner tip toA a relativ-ely high temperature, said burner tip being longitudinally slotted at a plurality of places around its outer periphery whereby jets of flame from said conduit may communicate with themain stream of fuel passing through said burner tip.

5. Means for heating a stream of fuel and for igniting same closely vadjacent to its point of projection into the air, comprising a fuel conducting conduit, an annular burner tip'loosely mounted within said conduit and providing an annular passageway disposed around the outer periphery ofsaid burner tip, said burner tip being formed to permit ignited fuel from said passageway to communicate with the main stream of fuel passing through said burner tip.

6. Means for heating a stream of fuel and for igniting same closely adjacent to its point of projection into the air, comprising a fuel conducting conduit, an annular burner tip loosely mounted within said conduit and providing an annular passageway disposed around the outer periphery of said burner tip, said burner tip being formed to permit ignited fuel from said passageway to communicate with the main stream of fuel passing through said burner tip, said burner tip being provided with longitudinal slots arranged about its outer periphery. 7. Burner mechanism for eflicientl -burning a stream of fuel of either re atively 'high orrelatively low velocity, comprising a plurality of burner tips arranged in series, each of said burner tips comprising a member having a passageway exteriorly thereof whereby flame from said stream may heat up said member and communicate with an ignited stream passing through the interior of said burner mechanism.

8. A pair of burner tips in series, each comprising an annular member internally and externally screw-threaded, said annular member being provided with longitudinally extending slots for permitting the passage of fuel exteriorly of said burner tip.

9. A pair of burner tips in series,.each comprising an annular member having pipe threads on its internal and external peripheries, said annular member being provided with longitudinally extending slots for permitting the passage of fuel exteriorly of said burner tip.

10. Burner mechanism comprising a. fuel conducting conduit, a burner tip loosely an annular passageway therebetween, sai burner tip having its external periphery provided with bales interposed in the path of fuel passing through said annular passageway.

11. Burner mechanism comprising a fuel conducting conduit and a burner tip loosely mounted therein and forming an annular passageway therebetween, said burner tip burner ti comprising a screw-threaded member having an annular collar at its outer end. said screwthreaded member including said collar being longitudinally slotted to provide passageways along the length of said burner tip on the outside of said burner tip.

12. Burner mechanism for efficientl burning a stream of fuel of either relative y high or relatively low velocity, said mechanism including a fuel conducting conduit and a plurality of screw-threaded burner tips mounted in series, each of said burner tips being formed to provide a passageway for fuel exteriorly of said burner tip.

13. Burner mechanism for efficiently burning a stream of fuel of either'relatively high or relatively low Velocity, said mechanism including a fuel conducting conduit and a plurality of screw-threaded burner tips mounted in series, each of said burner tips being formed to provide a passageway for fuel exteriorly thereof and being slotted longitudinall on its external periphery to permit the ow of flames exteriorly of said along paths parallel with the axis of said burner tip.

14. Burner mechanism comprising a chamber, a fuel conducting conduit communicating with said chamber, a burner tip for said conduit, said burner tip being provided with means for directing a main stream of fuel into said chamber and bein also provided with passageways for directlng fuel exteriorly of said tip at a lower velocity than said main stream for maintaining the ignition of said main stream, and air supply controlling means for said chamber said burner tip being loosely and adjustably mounted in said 'conduit to provide an annular passageway for fuel.

15. Burner mechanism comprising a fuel conduit, a burner tip mounted therein but providing an annular passageway between said tip and said conduit, said burner tip being provided with means whereby said annular passageway may be regulated whereby fuel is deflected exteriorly' of said burner tip at a regulatable Velocity.

16. Burner mechanism comprising a fuel conducting conduit and a plurality of burner tips operatively associated with said conduit, said burner tips being formed and positioned to provide annular passa eways eXteriorly of said burner tips, said urner tips being adjustable whereby the velocity of fuel deflected externally of said burner tips may be readily controlled.

17. Burner mechanism comprising a fuel conducting conduit, a burner tip mounted therein, said burner tip being formed and positioned to provide a passageway exteriorly thereof for fuel from said conduit, said burner tip also providing a main passageway interiorly thereof for the main stream of said fuel, said burner tip being rovided with bafles whereby said externa ly positioned fuel when ignited will heat said burner tip, said burner tip being formed to conduct fuel exteriorly thereof to a region adjacent to the main stream of fuel, whereby said deflected fuel will be drawn into said main stream to heat and ignite said main stream.

Signed at Elizabeth, New Jersey, this 9th day of Oct., 1924.

GEORGE L. REICHHELM.

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