US1939832A - Stove - Google Patents

Description

Dec. 19, 1933. Q SCHOTT 1,939,832

STOVE Filed Oct. 10, 1929 BY 36% a 6' 41444017 ATTORNEYS v Patented Dec. 19, 1933 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE STOVE Charles G. Schott, St. Louis, Mo. Applicationfoctober 10, 1929. Serial l\ lo. 398,657

2 6 Claims. (01. 12mm This invention relates to improvements in stoves, and particularly to stoves. of the class known as'magazine heaters, or base burners.

An object of the present invention is an ims-proved' provisionfor retarding the passage of smoke and flue gases, sufliciently; to insure eflicient absorption of surplus heat, within the heater, prior to their exit. in 'the chimney outlet.-

This object may be otherwisev stated as the attainment of an-increased length of flue gas pas sage, between 'thelfirebox and flue, whereby a greater area of heat-absorbing passage is.pro-' 26 but providing radiation-over-th'e entire bottom area ofitheheater, in a manner to counteract floor drafts and the like.

A still further object is to provide an improved flue clean out, which is easily and readily ac- 80 cessible from the front of the heater, and which, in addition, serves as the means, noted in the object above, for :circulating hot fiuegases over theentire base of theheater. 6

An additionalobject is to provide an improved:

heater'which is simple and durable in construction, and which materiallyreduces the assembly-and maintenance.

Further objects and advantages will appear from the'follo'wing detaileddescription'of parts 1 is asectional elevation of a preferred form. of

stove embodying certain ofthe present improve-.

ments; Fig. "2 is a sectional view taken" along line 2- -2 in Fig.1; and Fig. 3"is asectionalview -6 taken along line 3-3 -in"Fig. 1. g

It will, of'course, beunderstood that'the pres-' ent detailed'description of parts and the'accompanying drawing relate .to a single preferred executional embodiment of the invention, and

without departing from the spirit'and 'full 'intended scope of the disclosure; asdefined by the ppended claims. 1 1 55 cost of and theaccompanying drawing, in which: Fig.

that substantial changes may -bemade'injthe' described arrangement and construction of parts designates, generally, afirebox or pot arranged to be used, in the, present. construction, in a jacketed form of heater. This box includes, by preference, a plurality of sectional liners 11, 12 and 13, which, when interlocked along. their edges 14, in any suitable manner, as by flanges (not shown), constitute the inner fire box or liner of the stove.- In the presently preferred example, four of such sections form the complete inner liner, although it wilLbe apparent that with minor changes any desired number of sec-f tions may be used By this provision, ease and simplicity of assembly and'replacement is obtained, due to the fact that any one or all of the sections may be readily removedor replaced as maybe. necessary. The fire box is removably supported on a member 15, which also serves as asupport for a. movable shaker grate 16. Each liner (such as 11 and 12) is, by preference, tapered upwardly and outwardly from the mem: ber 15, to form a flange portion 17, and is provided on or near this flange portion, with a" plurality of elongated openings 18 for a purpose hereinafter appearing. A firing door 19 is hinge'dly secured to a front closure member 20, which, with the sections 11, 12 and "13, provides a continuous fire lining for the heater; An ash compartment 21 'is rigidly secured to the member 15, the sides of the compartment forming a continuation of the inner liners 11 and 12, and'the baseof the compart-. ment constituting a bottom closure for the fire box 10'; 'Thiscompartment'is provided with a removable ash pa'n 22, which maybe withdrawn through an opening 23 for cleaning purposes. 'I'he above described assembly is supported, by

preference, on: lugs 24; which-are securely attached to a. base 25' for the heater. These lugsare of sufiicient" length as to provide a broad passage 26 between the bottom of the ash compartment and the'base 25, for a purpose hereinafter appearing. It will be understood that the sides and bottom of the ash compartment are, by great preference, imperforate, because of the fact that this 'structureserves to separate the space just below the firepot, from the heatedair circulating-jacket which extends not only around the ashcompartment, but across the bottom thereof, to form the double bottom, base-radiating' arrangement hereinafter more clearly ap'-" pearing.

An inner liner of partition 27is, by preference, spaced'from, but in enclosing relation to the fire box 10, to form a heat chamber 28 therebetween. Referring by numerals to f the drawing, 10

The front portion of the chamber 28 isco'nstituted by the front closure 20, and the wall portions of the inner liner 2'7 are, by preference, fitted closely to flange portions 17 of the sectionalfire-pot liners, so as to enclose and position the sectional liners in the heating chamber 28. The partition 27 extends from the base 25, to form a seat 29 above the fire box, which is provided with a cover 30 for enclosing the chamber 28 and the fire box 10. By this arrangement the smoke and flue gases from the fire pot are directed through the openings 18 in the liners 11 and 12, and thence into the heat chamber 28. These hot gases are then directed downwardly through the passage 26, in order to heat the base portion 25. It will therefore be seen that the passage 26 forms a continuation, and constitutes a part of, the chamber 28. I

An opening 31 is provided in the inner liner 27, near the base 25, and is in communication with a flue back 32 which is attached to and spaced fromthe liner 2'1. The flue gases from the chamber 28 and passage 26 normally pass through the opening 31 into the flue back, to be discharged through a stack or outlet opening 33. In the partition 27 and disposed substantially adjacent the opening 33, is provided an opening 34 which is arranged to be closed by a damper 35 pivotally or otherwise suitably secured to the liner '27. This damper may be actuated either to open or close the opening 34, or when the damper is positioned substantially as shown in dotted lines in Fig. 1, it may serve partially or completely to obstruct the gas flow upwardly and along the flue back 32. It will be readily understood that when the damper 35 is positionedas shown in solid outline in Fig. 1, the draft from the stack opening 33compels the smoke andflue gases in the fire box to traverse a relatively longer path, as indicated by the dotted arrows. Thiscirculation increases the path of travel of the flue gases, by directing the gases downwardly through the chamber 28 and passage26, and thence outwardly along the'fiue back 32, to the outlet opening 33. If, however, the damper is positioned as indicated indotted lines in Fig. '1, the major portionlof the smoke and hot gases will be by-passed directly through the opening 34 and out the stack 33, thereby losing valuable quantities of heat which otherwise would be ab-. sorbed and radiated- It will be apparent. that this last position of the damper is, by preference, used only during starting of the fire, and that the position of the damper may be modified according to the stage of combustion.

Smoke and hotflue gases circulating through the chamber 28'and passage 26 are prevented from admixture with the air flowing beneath the grate and thence into the fire box; by means.-

of a movable clean out door36. It will be readily understood that anysoot or ash particles 08,1".-

ried from the fire box 10 into the chamber 28 and thepassage along flue back 32, will be deposited for the most part, upon the base 25, and may be removed therefrom through the.door 36.

Hingedly attached to the front closure assembly An outer casing 39 is supported marginally on j the base25. ,This casing may be of any desired curvilinear section, or may be formed of rectan= gular section, substantially as shown. The casing is suitably spaced from the heating unit proper to form passages 40, constituting a jacket which entirely surrounds the walls of the heater. The base 25 is provided with circulating-air inlet openings 41, by which atmospheric air first enters the passages 40. The air entering these openings, as indicated by the arrows drawn in full lines, (Fig. 1), is directed into contact with the heated walls of the inner liner and related parts, whence the heated air is discharged into the atmosphere through a perforated cover 42 supported on the casing 39. It will be apparent that the incoming air conducted by the passages '40, is used partially to supply preheated air through the opening 38 to the grate.

Suitable doors 43 and 44 are hingedly supported on the outer casing, being positioned substantially in register with the fire door and ash door, respectively, for ready access to the interior of the heater. I

In communication with the front passage 40 is a hot blast fitting member 45 which is securely attachedto the member 20. This blast member extends inwardly and centrally of the fire pct 10,

being provided with a suitable movable damper 46 to regulate the flow of air, through the hot blast fitting, from thepassageuo to the fire pot. This member is adapted to supply excess air to the unburned combustibles in the fire pot prior to their exit through the openings 18 in the liners, in a manner well understood in the art. It will be readily seen that the air suppliedto this member is preheated as it proceeds through smoke, including burned and unburned products of combustion, this system being identified by the dotted line arrows. gas currents, to an extent preventing admixture, is the atmospheric circulation in the jacket, which is traceable by the arrows appearing in full lines. The entire assembly as above described may be supported on legs or standards 47- of sufficient length to elevate the base 25 substantially above the floor. This elevated positioning of the base permits large. volumes of air to be drawn into the passages 40 without creating a distinct floor draft. It will be understood that floor drafts arefurther minimized bythe present, preferred arrangement of heating. chamber 28 relative to the fire box, which insures a direct circulation of hot: gases about the inner liner and across the entire area. of the base 25. This providesa double bottom construction, resulting in base radiaticn, which materially counteracts floor drafts prevalent in the ordinary types of heaters.

In the preceding description of the parts of the heater constructed according to this invention, it has not been regarded as necessary to set forth in detail thewvarious holding and securing means employed in assembly. For this, purpose, flanges or the like, either alone or to-- getherwith the ordinary stove bolts, may be employed wherever necessary, and as well understood in the art.

The presently described stove isa preferred arrangement embodying certain novel constructional features, among which may be particularly noted the described means of deflecting Separate from the flue.

the hot flue gases downwardly through the chamber 28 and passage 26. This increases the path of travel considerably over the older, prevailing constructions,v and, thereby sufficiently retards the discharge of these gases to permit ample time for absorption of the heat by the air circulating in the jacket portion of the heater. In the prevailing types of stoves employing direct chimney draft, an unwarranted portion of the heat of combustion is prematurely discharged into the stack. By the present, preferred arrangement, a greater portion of this heat is absorbed in the heater jacket, prior to its discharge into the stack, thereby greatly improving the efficiency of the heater and substantially reducing the amount of fuel used.

The combination of features of construction by which the air passage across the base and internally of the jacket, is utilized as a soot trap and clean out passage, as well as a circulating air channel, is conducive not only to heating efficiency, but to cleanliness of the flue passages and the heater as a whole, particularly when employed for domestic use.

- I claim as my invention: i

1. In a stove, a fire box having an upwardly and outwardly flared upper wall portion, said portion having a peripheral series of radially disposed slots, an imperforate top closure for the fire box adapted to deflect the products of combustion downwardly through saidrslots, a jacket disposed about, and engaging the flared portion of said fire box, an outer casing enclosing said jacket, said jacket and easing extending to points below the fire box and forming inner and outer separate passages, each extending around the fire box, the inner passage being adapted to receive flue gases through said slots in the fire box, and the outer passage being adapted to permit the flow of air therethrough in a direction opposite to the flow of flue gases through the inner passage.

2. In a'stove of circulating type, a base plate having marginal, air inlet openings, a central combustion chamber spaced above said base plate, said chamber having an outwardly flared,

upper wall portion, apertured to pass flue gas therethrough, a jacket extending between, and engaging the base plate and flared wall portion of said chamber, said jacket forming a passage substantially surrounding the chamber, adapted to receive flue gas at its upper end and direct such gas downwardly and across the base plate; a casing completely surrounding said jacket and chamber, forming a passage for air'to be heated.

3. In a circulating heater, a central combustion chamber including a fire box and ash receiver, the combustion chamber terminating upwardly in an outwardly flared wall portion, said wall portion having a series of peripherally disposed flue gas discharge openings, a tubular jacket enclosing the combustion chamber, said jacket projecting above the flared portion and below the ash receiver of said chamber, an imperforate closure member for the upper end of said jacket, said jacket forming a passage substantially surrounding the combustion chamber and communicating therewith through said flue gas discharge openings, a casing spaced from, and surrounding said jacket, said casing forming a passage for combustion and circulating air,

, and a base plate disposed at the'lower ends of said jacket and casing.

4. In an air circulating heater, a central combustion chamber including a fire pot and ash compartment, a tubular'jacket surrounding said combustion chamber and extending a substantial distance below said ash compartment, said jacket forming an annular smoke passage about the combustion chamber, communicating with the upper portion of said chamber; a base plate at the lowerend of said jacket forming a horizontal passage belowthe ash compartment, the

horizontal passage being in direct communication with said annular smoke passage, said jacket having an opening for access to the ash compartment and horizontal passage, a closure member for said opening, and an outer casing spaced from, and enclosing said jacket, said ,casing forming an air passage surrounding said 6. A stove comprising a combustion chamberhaving fire-pot and ash receiving portions disposed near its lower end and a series of lateral I flue gas discharge openings arranged around its upper portion, a jacket substantially surrounding the combustion chamber and spaced therefrom, said jacket and chamber forming a flue gas conduit therebetween, an imperforate cover forming a closure for the upper end of said combustion chamber, means on the outer surface of said jacket forming a vertical flue, said conduit communicating with said flue through upper and lower openings formed in .said jacket, a valve member for said upper opening, and a casing disposed about, and spaced from said jacket, said casing having air inlet and outlet openings in the lower and upper wall portions thereof.

CHARLES G, SCHOT'I.

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