US1939077A - Accounting machine - Google Patents

Accounting machine Download PDF

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Publication number
US1939077A
US1939077A US465540A US46554030A US1939077A US 1939077 A US1939077 A US 1939077A US 465540 A US465540 A US 465540A US 46554030 A US46554030 A US 46554030A US 1939077 A US1939077 A US 1939077A
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Prior art keywords
contacts
wheel
magnet
arm
wire
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Expired - Lifetime
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US465540A
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English (en)
Inventor
Albert W Mills
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International Business Machines Corp
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International Business Machines Corp
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Priority to US465540A priority Critical patent/US1939077A/en
Priority to DET39083D priority patent/DE561663C/de
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F7/00—Methods or arrangements for processing data by operating upon the order or content of the data handled
    • G06F7/38—Methods or arrangements for performing computations using exclusively denominational number representation, e.g. using binary, ternary, decimal representation
    • G06F7/46—Methods or arrangements for performing computations using exclusively denominational number representation, e.g. using binary, ternary, decimal representation using electromechanical counter-type accumulators

Definitions

  • FIG. n FIGJO C5 I59 25' (gm center ALBERT WJWu-Ls 33%;; 114'! 61 mm 1933- A. w. MILLS 1,939,077
  • One of the objects of the present invention is to devise an accumulating device in which numbers may be, entered as natural numbers and in which certain numeral wheels will receive the numbers as natural numbers and certain other numeral wheels will receive the complementaryvalue of such'natural numbers.
  • Another object is to. devise a machine of this character in which a differential driving mechanism causes one of the numeral wheels to constantly rotate and in which the number isentered by causing stoppage of rotation of such numeral wheel and causing the other numeral wheel to rotate.
  • Another object is to provide a device in which some of the accumulating units may be employed to receive credit data in the form of natural and complementary values and in which other units" are'adapted to receivedebit data in the form of natural numbers and complements thereof and in which the machine may determine whether the difference between the total credits and total of debits is a creditor a debit balance and may print the balance as a debit or a credit.
  • Fig. 6 is a detail of part of the accumulating unit shown in Fig. 3, showing the complement numeral wheel;
  • Fig. 7 is a detail of the device showing the complement numeral wheel latched against rotation; t
  • Fig. 8 is a detail showing a device for carrying one from a given order through the accumulating wheel of the next higher order when such order contains'the value 9 and into the unit of a still higher order;
  • Fig. 9 shows the position of the parts of Fig. 8 after the accumulating unit has passed from the 9 position to or through the zero position for causing the one to be carried from such accumulating unit to the unit of the next higher order;
  • Fig. 10 is a section substantially on line 10-10 of Fig. 3 showing the construction of an accumulating unit
  • Fig. 11 isa diagrammatic view showing the feed of the cards withrespect. to the perforation sens- 75 ing brushes; a
  • Fig. 12 is a view showing the operation of mechanism for setting the machine to take a total; 1 1
  • Figs. 13 and 14 represent the operations of 80 debit and credit counters in accumulating debit and credit items and also representing the manner in which the machine ascertains the difierence between the total debits and total credits and determines whether the difierence is a debit 35 value or a credit value; 1
  • Figs. 15 and 16 represent the operation of the machine where the result is the reverse of that shown in Figs. 13 and Hand the balance is a negative balance; I 9
  • Fig. 17 is a view of a printed sheet showing" the debit and credit amounts entered into the machine during the computations of Figs. 13 and 14;
  • Fig. 18 is a similar printed record of the com- 95 putationsshown in Figs. 15 and 16;
  • Fig. 19 is a wiring diagram of the control of the machine in general.
  • Fig. 20 is a wiring diagram showing the operation of the accumulating units.
  • the machine is driven from an electric motor or other power source through a belt 1 mounted on a pulley 2 fixed on a shaft 3 having a worm 4 meshing with a worm wheel 5 on shaft 6.
  • Fig. l the shaft 6 is shown as having a gear 7 mounted thereon and meshing with a gear 8 which in turn meshes with a gear 9 on a shaft 10. Also mounted on” this shaft is a bevelled pinion 11 meshing with a bevelled pinion 12 on 110 a vertical shaft 13. Fixed on shaft 13 is a bevelled pinion 14 meshing with a bevelled pinion 15 fixed on-a shaft 16 which reaches across the back of the machine. Also fixed on shaft 13 is another bevelled pinion 1'7 meshing with a bevelled pinion 18 fixed on a shaft 19 which also reaches across the machineabove the shaft 16; Both the shafts 16 and 19 have fixed thereof a number of gears 20 (see Fig. 3). I
  • Each accumulator unit is mounted ona plate 21 and is provided with a gear 22.
  • the units may he slid into position between upper and lower supporting plates 23, 24 as in Fig. 2.
  • the gear 22 meshes with one of the driving gears 20.
  • the machine is in rotation on a stud 26.
  • Mounted within the gear 25 are two pinions 27, 28 being carried by studs 27a and 28a fixed in the gear 25 (see also Fig. 10).
  • Thepinions 27 and 28 are in mesh with each other as indicated in Figs. 3 and 10.
  • the pinion 27 is also in mesh with a gear 29 and pinion 28 is in mesh with a gear 30 both loose on stud 26.
  • Fixed with respect to gear 29 is a numeral wheel 31 and fixed with respect to the gear 30 is a numeral wheel 32 (see also Fig. 5).v
  • the wheel 31 is adapted to be held by a latch 33 so that it cannot normally rotate.
  • a latch 34 is also provided for cooperation with numeral wheel 32 but is normally disengaged therefrom as in Fig. 6 so that this wheel is normally free to rotate.
  • the gear 25 is constantly turning and the numeral wheel 32 is constantly turning in a counter clockwise direction while the numeral wheel 31 is constantly still.
  • the rate of rotation of the wheel 32 is such-that it will move a distance equal the length of one of its teeth during the time that it takes for the data card to travel through the machine a distance equal to the distance between two of the index positions thereon.
  • a datacard 35 (Fig. 11) is moving past the sensing brushes 36, the index point positions on the card will pass under the brushes in succession at a rate equal to the time that it takes for one of the teeth of the numeral wheel 32-to travel past the latch 34.
  • Carrying Attached to the natural numeral wheel 31 is-a cam disk
  • a projection 56 on the disk 55 will cam the arm 57, pivoted at 58 and acted upon by spring 59, into the position of Fig. 9.
  • the arm 57 carries electric contact brushes 6061.
  • the brush 60 is adapted, as the disk 62 which is attached to the gear 22 rotates, to be engaged by projection 63.
  • a current-supplying brush 64 is adapted to supply current to the disk.
  • the projection 63 will engage the brush 60 and complete a circuit through the magnet 37 of the adding unit of the next higher. order. This will cause the latchingpawl 33 to disengage its wheel -31 at a point in the/cycle of operation of the machine which will permit the wheel 31 to turn one notch to accumulate an additional one.
  • a magnet 72 of Fig. 12 is energized rocking the armature 73, raising the latch 74 to release the arm 75.
  • the other end of shaft 83 (Fig. 1) has an arm 83a fixed on it and acted upon by a spring 83b to cause the shaft to rock clockwise as viewed in Fig. 12.
  • Fixed on shaft 83 is an arm 830 connected by link 83d to a latch 83e.
  • a cam follower 84 carried by arm 85 loose on shaft 83 is adapted to cooperate with the cam 86 mounted on shaft 10 which is constantly rotating.
  • a link 88 connects arm 85 to an arm 89 fixed on a grooved shaft 90.
  • An arm 91 also fixed on this shaft is connected by a link 91a to a similar grooved shaft a (see Fig. l)
  • the latch 83c. holds arm 89 depressed.
  • Grooved shafts 90-90a as shown in Fig. 3 normally hold arms 44a (one for each accumulating unit) in depressed position as in Fig. 3'.
  • a gear 120 loose on shaft 6 meshes with a gear 121 which in turn meshes with gear 122 fixed on the cam shaft 123.
  • Complementary cams 124, 125 are adapted to control the follower arm 126 pivoted at 127.
  • a link 128 is connected to the arm 126 and to arm 129 fixed on the shaft 130.
  • arms 131 connected by links 132 to a bail 133. This bail reaches across arms 134 which are pivoted at 135 and are connected to the type bars 101.
  • Springs 136 connected to the arms 134 I and to abar 137 carried by the arms 131 are adapted to raise'the arms 134 to raise the type bars.
  • card feed Any well known card feeding mechanism may be employed to' feed the cards through the machine.
  • card feeding rollers 158, 159 are shown to represent conventional card feeding mechanism.
  • the card feeding rollers 159 may be connected to gear 160 (Fig. '1) for operation.
  • the gear ratio is such that the'successive index point positions on the card will feed past thesensing brushes 36, 36a at the same rate that.
  • the type bar is raised and the accumulating wheels are rotated.
  • the pinions 160 are driven by a gear 161 which is driven from shaft 6 'and is controlled by a clutch magnet M3 similar to magnet M2.
  • a clutch magnet M3 similar to magnet M2.
  • the contact control cams designated CR are constantly running and may be mounted on the shaft 10 of Fig. 1.
  • the cams designated as CF cams operate while cards are being fed and may be mounted on the shaft 162, Fig. 1, driven by the card feed gear 161.
  • the contacts designated as TS contacts are controlled by, the total switch of Fig. 12. They are shown in normal position and will be reversed when the total switch is set for totaling.
  • the start key may then be released and the circuit through the magnet M3 will be maintained from the line 178 through wire 179, contacts K3, con acts CFCl, wire 180, contacts TS7, magnet M3, wire 180a, contacts 183, card lever UCL, contacts 184, wire 181 back to the line 182.
  • the circuit than continues through the common brush 188 to the common contactor'CB, through the perforation in the card to brush 36,- wire 190, to the corresponding plug socket 191, plug wire 192, plug socket 193. From here the circuit splits, continuing in one direction through wire 194, contacts 1190 now closed, magnet 100, common contaictor C7A, wire 195, contacts DBTl normally closed, wire 196 back to the line 178.
  • the magnet 100 controls the printing type bar 101 to stop the type elements 102 in position with respect to the platen 103.
  • the position of the perforation in the card closing the circuit through the brush 36 determines by the time of energization, which type element 102 shall be stopped in printing position. This type element represents the value represented by the position of the perforation in the card.
  • the other branch of the circuit continues through contacts 197 normally closed, through magnet 37, wire 198, back to the line. 178.
  • the energization of magnet 37 as we have seen in connection with Fig. 3 causes the natural wheel of the accumulator to commence to rotate and at the same time causes the complementary wheel to stop rotating for the-same duration of time.
  • the energization of magnet 37 takes place at a time depending upon the positionof the perforations in the particularcolumn. The rotation.
  • this magnet 37 will cause th's particular accumulator wheel to commence rotating once more. As soon as the value 1 has been accumulated the cam point 473 (Fig. 6) will cause .the accumulator wheel to stop rotating. Carry from any of the other orders, is of course, efiected in the same manner. If the accumulator of the tens order is standing at nine during the carrying time its contact brush 61 will be in position to engage the segment 71 'during the carrying time of the cycle.
  • the accumulator six of these wheels may be used together as a Totaling Presuming that the machine has'been used for ordinary accumulating eitherwith the plug connection 203 in position to close the circuit so as to use all of the accumulator units as one accumulator or with the plug connection 203 omitted so as to use the accumulator units as two separate accumulators, a total may be, taken by'depressing the total key 205 (Fig. 19).
  • contacts CR1 total set up magnet 72, contacts K4, contacts 185, wire 181 and back to the line 182.
  • the energi'zation of magnet 72 as shown in Fig. 12 sets all of the total contacts 119 andcertain other contacts designatedas TS contacts in position for a totaling operation.
  • the contacts of magnets 37 by a circuitfrom line 182, through wire 199, contacts CR4, CR5. contacts TS4, bars C3 and C3a, contacts DBTlc in the credit orders,
  • TS'4 are closed in readiness for the .energization 5 are thus closed setting up a circuit through the 'line 182 through wire 199, contacts CR2, CR3 at the proper time in the cycle of the machine, contacts TS5 now closed, contacts DBT2 normally closed, wire 206, common contactor C6A, contacts 99 at the moment they are closed by the cam projection 98, cable 207, contacts 119a now closed, printing magnet 100, common contactor C7a, wire 195, wire 196 back to the line 178.
  • the time of closing of contacts 99 depends upon the value contained in the accumulator wheel and this in turn determines the time of energization of the printing magnet 100 which in turn selects the printing type 102 to print the value represented by the accumulator wheel.
  • the accumulator is split into two parts and one part is being used to accumulate debit amounts and the other part is used to accumulate credit amounts, assuming that three debit amounts had been accumulated and three credit amounts had been accumulated and printed as in Fig. 1'7, the totals of the amounts will be printed as at 208 and 209. Where it is desired to ascertain the difference between the debit and credit amounts and to determine whether the difference is on the debit or credit side a further operation is necessary. The amounts contained in the accumulators will have to be preserved. To take a balance total the balance key 2091 is depressed.
  • a balance transfer switch member 215 having contacts segments 216 adapted to bridge contacts BT1, BT2, BT3 and BT4. In its lowermost position the balance transfer switch closes the contacts BT1.
  • a circuit is set up from the line 178 through contacts CR11, magnet 217, contacts BT1, wire 218, wire 212, back to the line 182.
  • Magnet 217 attracts its armature 219 releasing the arm 220 permitting it under the action of its spring to move the contact bar 221 to close the contacts DCTIA, and DOT.
  • the following circuit will be established:
  • the contacts 224 are closed by a projection 225 carried by a cam disk 226 fixed with respect to the complement wheel 32.
  • the time of closing of contacts 224 will dependupon the value contained in the complement wheels 32.
  • the magnets 37 will be energized so as to cause the complements contained in the debit complement wheels to be added into the natural credit wheels.
  • the accumulator 'wheel of the highest order in the credit accumulator contains a zero, this being so, one will be added to the accumulator wheel of the units order in this same accumulator so that the accumulator will then contain a value 460.
  • the circuit is as follows: from the line .'182, through wire 212, wire 218, wire 228, concam CRX, opening contacts BT2, and closing ccntacs BT3 and BT4.
  • the contacts CR10 then close at their proper time to test the condition of the contacts T131 through the following circuit: from the line 178 through contacts CR10, magnet 229, contacts BT3, wire 230, contacts TB1, wire 228, wire 218, wire 212, to the line 182.
  • the contacts CR1 during this same cycle will also close a circuit through the total set up magnet 72 as follows: from line-178 through wire 179, wire 2061, contacts CR1, magnet 72, contacts BT4, wire 231, wire 218, wire 212 to the line 182. ,The energization of the magnet 72 sets the various contacts including contacts 119 in position for a total cycle. If the contacts TBl are found open the balance total will be taken from the natural accumulator wheels of the credit accumulators through the following circuit: from the line 182 through wire 199, contacts CR2 and CR3, contacts TS5, contacts DBT2, wire 206, contacts 99, cable 207, contacts 119a, magnet 100, and back to the line 178.
  • the total circuit will then be as follows: from the line 182, through wire 199, contacts CR2 and CR3, TS5, DBT3, common contactor C11A, contacts 224 controlled by the credit accumulator complementary wheels, cable 235, contacts DBTlB now closed, contacts 119a also closed, printing magnet 100 and back to the line 178.
  • the printing magnets energized are those which control the printing on the debit side so that as indicated in Fig. 18, the balance of 460 is printed-at the foot of the debit column.
  • the data contained on the list sheet in Fig. 18 is obtained by reversing the figures accumulated in Figs. 13 and 14. Thus in being in position to represent zero.
  • a latch 240 (Fig. 2) may be provided. This latch cooperates with a projection 241 on the latch arm 83c and is held in position by a spring 242.
  • the spring 243 will yield and the latch 240 will prevent the shaft 90 from being released.
  • the accumulator wheels will pass through their zero positions back to the position from which they started. This will restore them to the positions representing the data which they contained before printing the totals. Later when the balance ;key 2091 is depressed and contacts,
  • the contacts BKl are latched in closed position by a latch 251 which is actuated by a constantly running cam CRW which causes the contacts to open at a'predeterm-ined time- This is
  • the contacts DBT2 which are normally closed are controlled by the. switch bar 234 so as to be opened when the magnet 229 is energized.
  • Both of these sets of contacts will be restored to normal positions when the arm 233 is restoredby its cam.
  • a pair of accumulating wheels driving means, a differential connection between said driving means and said wheels for moving both wheels in the same direction, means for locking said wheels against operation, and means for controlling said looking means so that an amount is added on one of said wheels and the complement of said amount is added on the other wheel.
  • an accumulator wheel adapted to normally register zero, a second accumulator wheel adapted to normally register nine, means for adding-values to the first said accumulating wheel'by advancing the same and means for moving said second named wheel in the same direction as the first named wheel but causing said second named wheel to drop back of its normal position relative to the first named 'wheeha distance equal to the value of the number added to said first named wheel.
  • locking means adapted to normally look one of said wheels against rotation while permitting the other to rotate
  • record controlled means for reversing the operation of said locking means so that the normally locked'wheel may rotate in the same direction to add an amount simultaneous with the locking and setting back of the other wheel to add the complement therein
  • a plurality of accumulators adapted to accumulate numbers and complements thereof, means for adding the complement contained in one of the accumulators into the other accumulator and means for printing a total under control-of said other accumulator including means for causing said total to be selectively printed in one or another of a plurality of columns on a record sheet.
  • a pair of accumulating devices means for adding numbers into said devices, means .for transferring a number from one of said devices to the other, means controlled by one of the accumulating elements of said other device for causing one to be added to the element of the lowest order in said other device when the value contained in the said'first named element is zero.
  • a plurality oi accumulators adapted to accumulate numbers and complements thereof, means for automatically selecting one accumulator, means for adding the complement contained in an accumulator into the selected accumulator, and means for taking a total under control of the selected accumulator.
  • An accounting machine having a plurality of accumulating devices, one of said devices having means for accumulating debit numbers and complements thereof, another of said devices having means for accumulating credit numbers and complements thereof, means for adding the complement contained in one of said accumulatorsing a balance under control of said other accumulator in one of two positions. on a record sheet to indicate whether the balance isa debit.
  • a pair of accumulating wheels driving means, a differential connection between said driving means and said wheels for moving the wheels in the same direction, means for normally locking one of the wheels while the other wheel is free to rotate, means for difierentially locking the normally free wheel and releasing the normally locked wheel to add an amount therein while the normally free wheel is held back to accumulate the complement of said amount, and means, controlled by the operation of the machine at a predetermined time in the cycle of operation for unlocking the normally free wheel and for locking the normally locked wheel.
  • a pair of accumulating wheels driving means, a differential connection between said driving means and said wheels for adjusting one wheel an amount complementary to the adjustment of the other Wheel, means for alternately locking said wheels against operation, and means for controlling said locking means so that amounts are added and totalled on one of said wheels and the complements of said amounts are added and totalled on the other wheel.
  • a pair of accumulating wheels driving means, a differential connection between said driving means and said wheels for adjusting one wheel an amount complementary to the adjustment of the other wheel.

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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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US465540A 1930-07-03 1930-07-03 Accounting machine Expired - Lifetime US1939077A (en)

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US465540A US1939077A (en) 1930-07-03 1930-07-03 Accounting machine
DET39083D DE561663C (de) 1930-07-03 1931-07-03 Durch Registrierkarten gesteuerte Geschaeftsmaschine

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2502919A (en) * 1946-05-13 1950-04-04 Ibm Accumulator for accounting machines

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL66167C (de) * 1939-06-16

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2502919A (en) * 1946-05-13 1950-04-04 Ibm Accumulator for accounting machines

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