US1919556A - Process for radio direction, locating observation, and the like - Google Patents

Process for radio direction, locating observation, and the like Download PDF

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Publication number
US1919556A
US1919556A US185883A US18588327A US1919556A US 1919556 A US1919556 A US 1919556A US 185883 A US185883 A US 185883A US 18588327 A US18588327 A US 18588327A US 1919556 A US1919556 A US 1919556A
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United States
Prior art keywords
waves
axis
nodal
phase
modulated
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Expired - Lifetime
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US185883A
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English (en)
Inventor
Jacquemin Francois Lou Edouard
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ONDES DIRIGEES SA
Ondes Dirigees SA Des
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Ondes Dirigees SA Des
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S1/00—Beacons or beacon systems transmitting signals having a characteristic or characteristics capable of being detected by non-directional receivers and defining directions, positions, or position lines fixed relatively to the beacon transmitters; Receivers co-operating therewith
    • G01S1/02—Beacons or beacon systems transmitting signals having a characteristic or characteristics capable of being detected by non-directional receivers and defining directions, positions, or position lines fixed relatively to the beacon transmitters; Receivers co-operating therewith using radio waves

Definitions

  • This invention relatesto means'for generating by the .aid offtwo or more radio transmitters an interference observation field between radio waves which are of the 6 same wave length but are out of phase.
  • A11 object of the invention is to guide an aeroplane or other moving object equipped with a radio receiver along a fixed path through observationof the interference of radio waves transmitted from two distant antennae.
  • One antenna transmits an unmodulated wave having a constant length
  • the other antenna transmits a modulated wave having the same constant wave length.
  • the radio observer in the aeroplanethrough observation of the interfering waves reaching him is enabled t9 maintain his position along thefixed path.
  • Figure 1 of the drawing shows the two transmitters which set up an interferin field.
  • Figure 2 shows the lines of inter erence of the field from the transmitters shown by Figure 1.
  • Figures 3, 4 and 5 are vector dia rams showing the field relation of the radio waves emitted by the two stations and received at a given point in the field.
  • Figure 6 shows the field covered by the sweeping of a nodal axis.
  • Figure 7 shows the signals received at stations near and within the zone swept by the nodal axis.
  • the second aerial need not be provided with its own source of energy and the secondary waves may only be primary waves reflected by the aerial B; or again, the aerial B may be fed from the emission of station E either with or without the insertion of an emplifier or phase changing device.
  • the secondary emission be modulated or varyin In a radio receiver at C by y system M, (for example, by breakmg the circuit of the aerial B periodically, its wave length, or by varying its resistance the following phenomena, due to .the interference between the modulated and non-modulated fields will be observed.
  • the intensity of reception of the modulated emission at any omt C depends on .the phase isplacement prevailing at such point C between the primary waves and secondary waves. This phase displacement is a function of several parameters and especially of the difference 'CA-CB (CA minus GB) of the distances primary and secondary of C from th aerials.
  • the intensity of reception becomes nil; for others it becomes maximum.
  • CA-CB varies an amount equal to a quarter of the wave length of the waves emitted, the intensity of reception passes from maximum to zero.
  • the transmitter aerial A sends forth an unmodulated carrier wave of a certain fre uency and the transmitter aerial B sends fort a carrier wave having the same frequency but modulated.
  • the fields. produced at C ( Figure 2) by the emissions from A and B are represented one by a vector RX of a constant am litude and the other by the vector XY 0 an amplitude periodically variable between the values KY and zero, if the wave emitted at B be totally modulated.
  • the resulting field varies thus periodically between the values RX and RY.
  • Figure 2 the periodical variation of the field between these two values produces a sound having the frequency of the modulation at B.
  • the zero strength hyperbola HN and the maximum strength hyperbola HM and their asymptotes ASN and ASM with which they substantially coincide when the distance CA is sufliciently large are thus easily observable and allow certain directions to' be marked
  • the angular separation on of two consecutive zero and maximum asymptotes ASN and ASM' may, moreover, be adjusted to a selected value for example by varying the length of wave omitted.
  • the marking may, moreover, be improved in many ways, for example:
  • phase of the waves of the secondary aerial or aerials By varying the phase of the waves of the secondary aerial or aerials. This variation of phase may be accomplished, for example, by varying the actual wave length of the secondary aerial or by modifying the transmission line from A to B in the case where the oscillations of B are controlled by those of A over such a line.
  • phase of the waves from the secondary aerial B is periodicall varied, while the wavesfrom the aerial X (IA-CB has the same value, t at is on the h perbolaa such as HM and HN ( Figure 2;.
  • the locations where the dephasage angle (p has constant values at a definite time is thus madeu of one or more hyperbolae, the number 0 such hyperbolae being the greater as the distance.
  • AB is large with res ect tothe length of the wave emitted.
  • hese nodal and ventral h perbolae periodically oscillate to both si es of their midposition when the angle a is periodically varied.
  • the zero and maximum lines of the interference field will oscillate from side to side of theirmidposition according to the same law.
  • the receiver therefore will not detect a consistent sound but a sound of variable amplitude passing or not through zero according as this point is or is not in the zone swept by the zero line ASN. Outside this zone there will be a maximum and a zero period. In this zone there will be two maxima and two minima per period and the maxima which will follow two consecutive minima will possess greater difference of amplitude as the point is set further and further from the mid-nodal line.
  • the law of variation of base is such that the passages of the osc ating nodal line become separated by two equal periods of time; for example, .a law such that the angular speed of the displacement of the nodal line remains constant, or one that may be represented by a symmetrical graph such as a sine wave may be selected.
  • the sensation of isochronism obtained in the axis will define this axis with precision.
  • the modulation note of the secondary antenna be so varied that with phase displacement in front of the midphase, there corresponds'a note N and with phase displacement lag there corresponds a note N the consecutive maxima will alternately be of the note N then of the note On one side of the mid minimum line the note N will be predominant, on the other side the note N will be predominant, the listener, therefore, will be able to tell on which side of the line he is. All the combinations based upon these rinciples of the variation of one or more aracteristics of the secondary emission in connection with the variation of coming within t vention.
  • the number of lines of zero intensity depend on the relation of the wave length of the emitting waves to the distance between the two antennae. The larger this relation is, the fewer nodal lines there are and the more widely separated they are.
  • the wave length is chosen to be such that the axes are few and easily identified, and this condition is reached when the length AB is near the length of the wave utilized.
  • the two emitting stations are disposed on each side of the fixed path in such a way that the nodal axis coincides with the fixed path along which it is intended that the airplane shall fly.
  • the chosen nodal axis is made to oscillate periodically to either side of its mid-position, and, in so oscillating, it sweeps over a comparatively narrow zone.
  • the airplane 1phase will be considered as e scope of the present incrossing this zone will notice the intensity of the signal becoming zero at first, once at intervals of time equal to the period of sweep- -inflg, then twice a period at unequal interv s, and, finally, when it is at the mid-position of the nodal axis, the signal will become maximum and zero at equal intervals of time.
  • a modification of the modulation fretfiiency to give the distinctive notes N and 2 described above concomitant with the phase variation enables it to be known at the airplane on which side of the mid-nodal line the airplane is traveling. It is thus possible to guide the airplane over the fixed path by observation of the signals heard.
  • the intensity of reception will vary with the' distance AB. It will pass through the maxima and minima every time the distance AB varies a one-quarter of the wave length of the wave emitted at A. By counting the number of maxima and minima in a predetermined time, the speed of movementbf B with respect to A (approaching or receding), will be known.
  • an auxiliary modulated antenna it is possi 1e to perceive waves reflected by a non-modulated aerial either by heterodyning at reception or by employing as emitter a group of two aerials (loops, for example) the resultant strength of reception at the receiver being rendered perceptible by modulation of the output of one of the aerials, the arrangement being such that this resultant strength of reception is zero unless a non-modulated aerial be present.
  • the distance AB ma further be measured by observing the di erence or variation in wave length required to give two successive maxima of reception when the length of emission is varied.
  • Themethod of determlning the position of an object which comprises emitting sustained radio waves of the same wave length from two spaced points, and modulating radio waves emitted from only one of said points to form a special interference pattern havin at least one nodal axis.
  • the method of determining the position of an object which comprises emitting sustained radio waves of the same wave length from two spaced points, modulat' radio waves emitted from only one 0 said points to form a special interference pattern having at least one nodal axis, changing the phase relation of said waves between predetermined limits to sweep said axis across a predetermined field, and modifgingrby a certain amount for a definite time t e equency of modulation of the modulated radio waves emitted from said one point to differentiate the two sides of the eld from one another.
  • the method of determining the posias tion of an object which comprises emitting radio waves of the same wave length from two spaced points to form an interference pattern having a nodal axis, changing the phase relation of the said waves between predetermined limits to sweep said axis across a predetermined field, and impressing adistinctive modulated note on the waves emitted from one of said points to indicate the position of said object relative to a preas determined position of said 5.
  • an object which comprises emitting radio waves of the same wave length from two spaced ints to form an interference pattern having a nodal axis, changing the phase relation of said waves between preetermined limits to sweep said axis across said field, and im ressing distinctive contrast' modula notes on the waves emitte from one of said points-to indicate the position of said ob'ect relative to a predetermined position 0 said axis.
  • the method of determining the position of an object which comprises emitting from two spaced points radio-waves of the same wave length to form an interference pattern having a nodal axis, the mid-position of which corresponds to the mean difference of phase of the emitted waves,
  • the method of determining the position of an object which comprises emitting from two spaced points radio waves of the same wave length to form an interference pattern having a nodal axis, the mid-position of which corresponds to the mean difference of phase of the emitted waves, changing the phase relation of said waves to swee said axis across said object, and impressing distinctive contrasting modulated notes on the waves emitted from one of said points to indicate the position of said object relative to the mid-position of said axis, the waves emitted from the other point being unmodulated.
  • the method f guiding a moving object along a fixed path which comprises emitting on each si e of said path radio waves of the same wave length and form ing an interference pattern having a nodal axis along said pat the mid-position of which axis corresponds to the mean difference of phase of the emitted waves, changing the phase relation of saidwaves to sweep said axis across said path and said object,
  • the method of guiding a moving object along a fixed path which comprises emitting on each side of said path radio waves of the same wave length to form an interference pattern having a nodal axis along said path, the mid-position of which axis corresponds to the mean difference of phase of the emitted waves, changing the phase relation of said waves to sweep said axis across said path and said object, and impressmg distinctive contrasting modulated notes on the waves emitted from only one side of said path to indicate the position of said object relative to the mid-position of said axis, the waves emitted from the other side of the path being unmodulated.
  • the method of determining the posi-' tion of an object which comprises emitting from two spaced points radio waves of the same wave length to form an interference pattern having a nodal axis the mid-position of which axis corresponds to the mean

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)
US185883A 1926-05-21 1927-04-22 Process for radio direction, locating observation, and the like Expired - Lifetime US1919556A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR630248T 1926-05-21
FR32706T 1926-07-02

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US1919556A true US1919556A (en) 1933-07-25

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US185883A Expired - Lifetime US1919556A (en) 1926-05-21 1927-04-22 Process for radio direction, locating observation, and the like

Country Status (3)

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US (1) US1919556A (fr)
FR (2) FR630248A (fr)
GB (2) GB271508A (fr)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2540414A (en) * 1943-10-15 1951-02-06 Fr Sadir Carpentier Soc Radio-guiding system
US2565485A (en) * 1946-02-05 1951-08-28 Int Standard Electric Corp Radio navigation system
US2628351A (en) * 1949-11-14 1953-02-10 Mackta Leo Low frequency simplified loran system
US2647257A (en) * 1948-01-22 1953-07-28 Sperry Corp Nonambiguous cycle matching system
US2754512A (en) * 1951-06-26 1956-07-10 Davis Harry Fm long range navigation system

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108680916B (zh) * 2018-05-18 2022-01-25 云南电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院 一种电力铁塔上输电线路与通信天线的测距方法及系统

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2540414A (en) * 1943-10-15 1951-02-06 Fr Sadir Carpentier Soc Radio-guiding system
US2565485A (en) * 1946-02-05 1951-08-28 Int Standard Electric Corp Radio navigation system
US2647257A (en) * 1948-01-22 1953-07-28 Sperry Corp Nonambiguous cycle matching system
US2628351A (en) * 1949-11-14 1953-02-10 Mackta Leo Low frequency simplified loran system
US2754512A (en) * 1951-06-26 1956-07-10 Davis Harry Fm long range navigation system

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB273754A (en) 1928-01-05
FR32706E (fr) 1928-02-21
GB271508A (en) 1927-12-22
FR630248A (fr) 1927-11-25

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