US1919108A - Destructive hydrogenation of solid carbonaceous material - Google Patents
Destructive hydrogenation of solid carbonaceous material Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US1919108A US1919108A US440628A US44062830A US1919108A US 1919108 A US1919108 A US 1919108A US 440628 A US440628 A US 440628A US 44062830 A US44062830 A US 44062830A US 1919108 A US1919108 A US 1919108A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- solid carbonaceous
- carbonaceous material
- destructive hydrogenation
- catalyst
- oil
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 title description 10
- 230000001066 destructive effect Effects 0.000 title description 9
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 title description 8
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 title description 8
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 235000014676 Phragmites communis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003292 diminished effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- KBJMLQFLOWQJNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel(ii) nitrate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O KBJMLQFLOWQJNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010742 number 1 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012047 saturated solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G1/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
- C10G1/08—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal with moving catalysts
- C10G1/083—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal with moving catalysts in the presence of a solvent
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
Description
u y 3- c. F. R. HARRISON ET AL 1,919,108
DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION OF SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL Filed March 31, 1930 m zaxwsi mv :Qfii:
T \LA aLMJM% (#W {Hum/LAW mm mamw Patented July 18, 1933 UNITED STATES PATENT FFIC CHARLES FREDERICK REED HARRISON AND HOWARD WILLIAlcI STRONG, OF NORTON- ON-TEES, ENGLAND, ASSIGNORS TO IMIPERIAL CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES LIMITED, OF LONDON, ENGLAND, A BRITISH COMPANY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION OF SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL Application filed March 31, 1930, Serial No. 440,628, and in Great Britain April 17, 1929.
The destructive hydrogenation of coal or other solid carbonaceous material is often performed in the presence of a catalyst as this leads to a more even course of the reaction, a greater yield of oil and generally a diminished residue of un iquefied coal. It is important to secure an intimate contact between the material to be hydrogenated and the catalyst, and We have found that excellent results are obtained by initially bringing the coinminuted coal or other solid carbonaceous material into contact. with a limited quantity of an aqueous solution containing one or more catalytic elements or substances. In this way the catalyst is evenly distributed over the surface of the comminuted solid material and opportunity is afforded for adsorption of the catalyst at the surfaces of the particles.
The invention may be carried out, for ex ample. by preparing an aqueous solution of a catalyst for destructive hydrogenation, e. g. nickel nitrate or ammonium inolybdate, and wetting the ground or pulverized coal with a limited quantity of the solution, preferably by spraying the solution on to a continually agitated bulk of the material. After draining, the impregnated material may be mixed with a suitable oil and hydrogenated in the standard manner. If desired, the moist raw material may be dried before it is mixed with the oil.
In general, any catalytic material favouring destructive hydrogenation may be employed in the process of the invention if it can be prepared in a water-soluble form. Metals or metal oxides, for example, may be prepared and dissolved in the form of their soluble salts, which are subsequently converted, usually in the course of the hydrogenation, to the active state. Reducible salts are thus particularly suitable.
One method of carrying the invention into effect is shown in the accompanying drawing. Powdered coal falls from hopper 1, past valve 2 into the cylinder 3. It is conveyed along this cylinder by the screw conveyor 4 by which it is continuously agitated while being sprayed with a solution or suspension of catalyst from the line 5. Eventually it passes into the vessel 6 in which it is mixed with oil, supplied through the pipe 8, by means of the mixer 7. The mixture of oil, coal and catalyst leaves the apparatus by pipe 9. The excess of solution may drain away through holes 10.
A saturated solution of the catalyst may be used in quantity suflicient to moisten the coal uniformly. Pressures of about 200 atmospheres and temperatures of about 420 C. are preferably employed in the destructive hydrogenation in the lmown manner and 1000-2000 cubic metres of hydrogen, measured at normal temperature and pressure are employed per ton of coal oil paste which contains 30 per cent of coal and per cent heavy oil.
By a limited amount of solution in the appended claims is to be understood an amount which will just moisten the carbonaceous ma terial.
The solution with which the solid carbonaceous material is sprayed is referred to in the appended claims as being a solution of a substance giving rise to a catalyst. This limitation is necessary since it will be obvious that the actual catalyst will be a decomposition product of the actual substance in the solution.
We declare that what we claim is 1. Process for the destructive hydrogenation of solid carbonaceous material which consists in spraying the comminuted material in absence of oil with a limited amount of an aqueous solution of a substance giving rise to a hydrogenating catalyst, mixing the coated material with an oil, and thereafter causing it to react with hydrogen under an elevated temperature and pressure.
2. Process for the destructive hydrogenation of solid carbonaceous material which consists in treating the comminuted material in the absence of oil with a limited amount of an aqueous solution of a substance giving rise to a hydrogenating catalyst, mixing the coated material with an oil, and thereafter causing the mixture to react with hydrogen under elevated temperature and pressure.
away, mixing the coated material with an oil, and thereafter causing the mixture to react with hydrogen under elevated temperature and pressure.
CHARLES FREDERICK REED HARRISON.
HOWARD WILLIAM STRONG.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB1919108X | 1929-04-17 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US1919108A true US1919108A (en) | 1933-07-18 |
Family
ID=10893613
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US440628A Expired - Lifetime US1919108A (en) | 1929-04-17 | 1930-03-31 | Destructive hydrogenation of solid carbonaceous material |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US1919108A (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3920536A (en) * | 1972-05-08 | 1975-11-18 | Sun Research Development | Coal dissolving process |
| US4067795A (en) * | 1976-06-14 | 1978-01-10 | Battelle Memorial Institute | Process for coal liquefaction using electrodeposited catalyst |
| US4250015A (en) * | 1978-12-18 | 1981-02-10 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy | Mechanochemical hydrogenation of coal |
| US4439305A (en) * | 1980-12-29 | 1984-03-27 | Exxon Research And Engineering Co. | Process for pyrolysis of carbonous materials |
-
1930
- 1930-03-31 US US440628A patent/US1919108A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3920536A (en) * | 1972-05-08 | 1975-11-18 | Sun Research Development | Coal dissolving process |
| US4067795A (en) * | 1976-06-14 | 1978-01-10 | Battelle Memorial Institute | Process for coal liquefaction using electrodeposited catalyst |
| US4250015A (en) * | 1978-12-18 | 1981-02-10 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy | Mechanochemical hydrogenation of coal |
| US4439305A (en) * | 1980-12-29 | 1984-03-27 | Exxon Research And Engineering Co. | Process for pyrolysis of carbonous materials |
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