US1911494A

US1911494A - Automatic pistol

Info

Publication number: US1911494A
Application number: US646889A
Authority: US
Inventors: William C Floyd
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1932-12-12
Filing date: 1932-12-12
Publication date: 1933-05-30
Anticipated expiration: 1950-05-30
Also published as: DE677179C

Description

May 30, 1933. w c. FLOYD AUTOMATIC PISTOL Filed Deo. l2 1952 5 Sheets-Sheet l May 30, w33. w. c. FLOYD AUTOMATIC PISTOL s sheets-sheet 2 Filed Dec. l2, 1952 May 30, i933. w. c. FLOYD AUTOMATIC PISTOL Filed Dec. l2, l32 5 Sheets-Sheet 3 .mv .WWE

Gttornegs Patented May 30, 1933 PATENT@ WILLIAM o. FLOYD, onHAwKINsvILLE, caii'oaerIA` f AUTOMATIC PISTOL Application mea December 12, 1932. serial No. 646,889.

improve the safety mechanism.

It is'within the province of the disclosure to improve generally andv to enhance the util-ity of devices of that type to which the invention appertains. L

y f lVV'ith the above and other objects in'view,

which will appear as theV description prol 'ceeds,the invention' resides in the combination'and arrangement of partsV and in the details of construction hereinafter described and claimed, itfbeing understood'that changes in the precise embodiment of the invention herein disclosed, may be made within the scope of-what is claimed, without departing from the spirit of the invention.

In the accompanying drawings:

Fig. l shows in longitudinal section, a pistol constructed in accordance with the invention, the parts being in the positions which they will assume when the pistol is about to be discharged, it being assumed that the shooter has not yet gripped ythe stock;

Fig. 2 is a view similar to Fig. 1, but show.- ing the pistol at the instant of firing, pressure being still exerted on the trigger and on the grip Fig. 3 is a view similar to Fig. 1, but showing the breech block retracted;

1 ig. 4 is a topplan view of thehead ofthe breech block;

Fig. 5 is a bottom plan of the head of the breech block;

Fig. Gis a longitudinal section showing a portionof the frame and the barrel;

Fig. 7 is a section on the line7 7 of Fig. 3; Fig. 8 is a. sectiononthe line 8-,8 of Fig. 1; 1 Fig, 9 is a section on the line 9 9 of Fig. l; Fig. 10 is a plan of the breech block, with some parts omitted;

F ig. 12- is an elevationshowing modifi-V cation.` Y v The pistol which forms the subject matter of this application has some ofthe features made known to the artin mylPatent 1,886,201,

granted on July 5,1932, and the present specication, therefore, maybe'sh-ortened and vcon-- Y f densed accordingly.

The frame of the piaci 's'lmarkei by the numeral 1, and includes a grip 2 and a trigger.` 69V guard 8 at the forward end ofthe frame. The barrel 4 is xed to the frame 1. and may be threaded therein.

` Figure 1 showsthat a'magazine 5 ish-slidablyV and removably mounted 'inthe grip 2. 65 i' The magazine 5 'has a foot plate r6. "A latch 7 is-slidable in the Vgrip 2 and -engagesa projection on the magazine 5, to lioldxthemaga.`

zine in place; -A spring-pressed thrustmember s is sudati@ inthe grip 2 anaishld'in 7G i Y place for limited movement, by .a pin l'9 kkin the grip. The' member 8'1bears against 1the foot plate 6 of the magazine 5,V andstarts" the magazine for removal,"when the latch'7V v is operated to permit such a step. A followerv 10 in the magazine 5 raises the cartridges, the follower being actuated by a compression spring 11 in themagazine. i

Figures 6 and 3 show that there isa compartment 12 in the upper part of theframe 1. S0

The. compartment 12 extends entirelythroughV the frame from side to side,"the compartment 1 terminating-at its forward end-at the rear end of thebarrel 4, and the rear endof thecompartment being determined by aback piece 14 that forms part'of the frame 1. Thereis a holeV 15in the back piece 14. Figures-6 and 7 show that there are longitudinal guide grooves-16 in the frame 1, at the outer sides f of the compartment 12. It appears inFigf 6 99 Y that there isl an upstanding shell-throwing pin 17 on the frame 1, within the compartment 12, i ust back of thek upper end of lthemagazine 5. t Figiires v3', Gand 7 maybe reliedupon to show vthat the frame lcarries; an abutment .9 '18,'located about kmidway Abetween fthe ends of the compartment 12, and extending .across the compartment from topfto bottom:v The abutment 18 has an opening 19.

- Fig. 1111sv a section on the line 11-11 of 50 Fig. 1;v A bfeechbiock 2o is ghastly mouflted'in 10.

Cil

the frame 1, andis shownpartially completod in Fig. 10. The breech block 20-is a com posits structure. lt includes the head 21 of Figs. 4 and 5, which is mounted to slide, parallel to the asis of the barrel 4, in the compartment 12 of the frame 1. Regarding the foregoing statement that the hea-d 21 of the breech block 2O slides parallel to `the axis of the barrel 4, the reader should not be confused by the dotted line showing of the f head 21 of the breech block,` in Fig` 6.1 That showing has to do vvith the assembly ofthe breech block and associated parts, and may be disregarded at this sta-ge of the description. The forward side. portion of the head 21 of the breech block20 carriesa pivotally mounted, spring-pressed extractor 22. Y

The head 21 of the breech block 20 has rearwardly extended parallel arms 26, which straddle the abutment 18, as Fig. 7 will show. In thebottom of the head 21 of the breech block 20 (Fig, 5) `there is a first longitudinal groove 23, for the reception of the framecarried shell-throwing pin 17 `of Fig. 6. In the edge of the head 21 of the breech block 20 there is a `notch 29, having no function in the operation of the pistol, considered as a firearm, but facilitating the assembly of the breech block 20, as will be pointed out hereinafter. 'The notch29 opens `into the guide groove 23. In` the bottom ofthe head 21.0fthe breech block 20, a secondgroove (Fig. 5) isformed, the said groove 24 being parallel tto; the groove 23. The groove 24 does notextend entirely through the head 21 of the` breech block, and thus there is formed in the breech block, at the end of the groove 24, a shoulder 25 which, as shoWnin Fig. 3, cooperates with parts to be described hereinafter. Y

The breech block 20 (Fig. 10) comprises a back piece 27, carrying a knob 28 of` any desired construction, whereby the breech block 2O can be retracted, to oook the piece by hanch The forwardly-extended arms 30 of the baclcpicce 27 (Fig. 7) slide in the guide grooves 16 of the frame 1. The` forwardlyextended arms 30 of the back piece 27 overlap `the rearwardly-extended, `recessed arms 26 `of the head 21 of the breech block, the

arms

26 and 30 being held together by oppositelyl disposed securing elements 31 (Fig. 7'), such as screws.

A cooking block 32 (Figs. 3 and 7) is dis;

posed tothe rear of the abutment member 18 ofthe frame 1. between the arms 30 of the back piece 27 of the breech block 20, and is located atthe rear ends of the arms26 of the head 21 of the breech block. Securing elements 33, such `as screws, attach the cooking block 32 to the arms 30, and make the cocking block a part ofthe breechV block 20.

A sleeve 34 is engaged at its rear end with the cooking block 32 and slides in the opening 19 of the abutment. 18, the sleeve eX- 32 and in the sleeve 34. The firing pin is slidabiy mounted, also, in the small bore 36 of the head 21 of the breech block. The firing pin 37 is retracted With respect to the breech block,V through the instrumentality of a` small compression spring 38 in the bore 36, and shown,` for example, in Fig. `3. vThe firing pin 37 has a disk-like head 39, Which engages the forward end of the sleeve 34. A compression spring 4() surrounds the sleeve 34, the forward end of the said spring` engaging the head 21 of the breech block 20, With-` in thebore 35, and the rear end of the spring engaging the abutment 18 of the breech block. rillhe movement of the firing pin 37 is limited byV cross pin 41, shown in Fig. 7, and eX- tended through a notch in the firing pin.`

i rEhe manner of assembling the breech block 2O may now be taken up, in connection, With Figs. 6 and 7. y l

i The small spring 38 is placed in a small bore 36 of the head21 of the breech block, and the heavier spring 40 is placedin the large bore 35 of the part 21. The head `21, in the dotted position'of Fig. 6, is introduced endivise into the compartment 12 of the frame 1, and is pushed inwardly to place, the pin 17 ofV Fig. 6 entering the groove 23 of Fig. 5 by rWay of thenotch 29, thearms 26 ofthe head 21 straddling the abutment 18;

` rlhe cooking block 32 is not yet in place, and,

therefore, the sleeve 34 and the firing pin 37 may be pushed forwardly to place, ,through the hole 15 of the back piece 14. The .holding element 41 for the firing pin 37 is mounted inf the head 21 of the breech block. y `The cooking block 32 is placed in the position of Fig. `7, against the rear ends of the arms26 of the head 21. `The arms 30 of the back piece 27 are slid forwardly into the grooves 13 (Fig. `6) of the frame 1, and lie outside of the arms 26 of the head 21. The securing elements 33 are inserted, to hold the cooking n block 32 on the arms 30 of the back piece `27.

Thearms 30 of the back piece 27 are joined to thearms 26 of the head 21, by the securing elements 31.` The breech block 20 now is assembled and in place. i 1

il trigger 42 is disposed Within the trigger guard 3, and is pivoted at 43 to the frame 1'. Theioyver end of the trigger 42 is swung forwardly by a compression spring 44 (Fig. 2), housed Within the frame l and engaging the upper end of the` trigger. i

A loop-shaped link 45 (Fig. 11) extends `around the magazine 5 the link projecting into a large chamber 46 in the frame l, through a hole 47 Vthat leads fromthe trigger guard 3 to the said chamber. The forward end 'of the link-45 is pivoted at48 LtoA the trigger 42.--` i' y 'l The rear end of the link 45 is p ivoted "at 49 to a 'sear 50, in the form of a bell 'crank lever, disposedv in the "chamber 46, and fulcrumed at'51 on the frame 1. The movement of the sear '50 is limited by a pin 52, carried by the frame 1, and extended through an elongated slotrrinfthe sear.v On its rear end, the sear has ani upwardly extended finger 54.t y 4 'The finger 54 on the scar 50 'is adapted to cooperate with a shoulder 55 onr aha-miner 56 that .is pivotedvat A57 onV the frame. 1,fthe hammer extending upwardly 'through an opening 85 in the vframe and into, the compartment 12, to actuate the firing pin 37 Fig. 2). The upper part of the hammer 56 lies' inthe path ofthe cooking block 32 (Fig.Y 3) which'forms part of the slid'able bIe-cch'block-20. f Y Y The spring means for operating the hammer 56 may/be of any desiredform. In the present embodiment of the invention, a'plung'-y er 58 is pivoted at 59 to the hammer 56 and slides in an abutment 60 carried bythe frame 1, a compression spring 61 on the plunger-befY ing interposed between the abutment l60 and a shoulder. on the plunger. The numeral '62 designates an angular Sear operator, disposed mostly inthe chamber 46, and mountedfor swinging movement on a pivot element 63 c'arriedby the'frame 1. One end Yof the sear Voperator '62 extends'upwardly'through a slot 64m the frame'l, into the path lof the shoul-V der-'25 which exists in theghead 21 of the breech block 20, atthe forward end of the groove24, the said groove receiving the upper forward end of thels'ea'roperator' 62. The rear lower end of the searV operator 62 bears on the finger 54 of the sear 50, under the impulse of a compressionY spring'65` whichfis interposed between the frame 1 and the Vrear end of the sear'opera'tor.

`Agplever 66, actuated' when the" grip `2 vv'is seized, is' fulcrumedat 67 onthe grip, the upper end ofthe gripleverf66 being pivoted at 68 to aSaety slide-69, which, as shown in Fig. 9, l,has a slot 70 for a securing 'element 71, byY which the 'safety slide ismovably connectedgto the frame,V 1T; The/safety slide '69 is Y pushed backwardly,zandf the grip lever 66 is swung rearwardlyfby Aa compression j spring `72, interposedv 'between theforwa-rd endlof theY safety slide and part of ther frame-1. In' the bottom of the forward end-of the ,sa-frei ty slide 69 there isa recess 7 3, shwn inrFigs". 1; 2 and 3'. The safety slide 69 is provided with'af lateral projection 74 (F ig. 9) which extends above the Vfingerv 54v of the sear' 50, when the safetyl slide; is retracted, and when the grip lever 66'is-swung'outwardly'by the action of the spring 72, as shown in Fig. 1 :A latch 75 (Figs. 1, 2 and 3) forfthe safety slider69 is provided,xand.is fulcrumed at76",

intermediate its endsy on the frame 1. comi f i pressionspring 77 Vis interposed between'the to swing the bindend of the latch V75.' up into the recess 73 of-'the safety-'slide 69,'and stop the forward movement of kthe/safety slide, but, ordinarily, v"the latch'75 doesnnotfwork,

vin that way, because, when thefmagazine' i is in place, the magazine engagesthe forward end of the latclr'? 5 and tilts" the latch yuntil the back end'lof it is'out ofthe recess'73,and

out of the path of the slide 69, in its forward movement, as shown, forinstance, in .F ig.f2. i "It-is disclosed in Fig. 8 that'an indicator leverA 78 is disposed alongside of the hammer 56, an indicator 79, 'in the form of a button,

being secured to the rear end'ofthe lever 7 8, the indicator'v extending outwardly through a' hole 80 in the-side of the rame1.. The'in- 5 dicator lever 78 is fulcrumed at 81, `at itsvfor# wardend, on the frame l, for swingingmovement crosswise of the pistol. A compression spring 82 is mounted between the frame 1 and the lever 78, and tends to swing thelever in= wardly against the side of the 'hammerf56;

Considering Fig. 1, the operatorseizes the grip 2 and swings the grip lever 66"forward ly on its4 fulcrum 67,` the safety slide 69 being carried Vforwardly until the lateral projection 74 (Fig. 9) onthe safety slide is clear ofthe finger 54 of the sear 50. This sets the sear 50.

free, so that the trigger 42 can be pulled'.

When the trigger 42 is pulled, the link45 'isf i carried backwardly, the bell crank sear ,50`is :5

tilted on itsfulcrum 51,'v and the finger '54 of the sear isdisengaged from the shoulder 55 `on the hammer`56,the upper end of the hamL mer swinging forwardly under the impulse of the spring-actuated` plunger 58, the hammer striking thefiring pin 37'and moving thek ring vpin forwardly, the spring 38' being ,com-

C Y n pressed, and the iiring pin 37 exploding the cartridge Vshow-n in place in the s hellchamber of-'the barrel 4 in Fig. 2. Y As the finger 54 of the sear 50rises out of engagementlwith the shoulder 55 on the hammer 56, when the trigger 42'is pulled,the finger engages thev dependingrear endrof the sea'r operator 62, `and swings-the rear end ofthe sear operator upwardly, the spring 65 being compressedasfthe sear operator .62 swingsfon its fulcruml63. '7

VVhen'the 'shell in the barrel" 4 explodes, the recoil carries the entire breech block 20"` rearwardly, and the extractor 22 withdraws the Yexploded shell, brings the shell into con#r tact'withthe projection or frame pin 17 ofv Fig. 6, fand ejects vthe shell through the side of the forward portion of the 'compartment 12, the vforwardV portion of the compartment 12 then being open, because the breech yblock hasbeen carried backwardly to the :position of Fig. 3, the return'spring 40 for the breech block having been compressed, and the .back` part of the headl 21 Aof the breech block com;-

ing into engagement with the abutment` 18 on `the frame l. 4 As the breech block 20. moves rearwardly, the cooking block 82 engages the hammer 56 and swings the hammer back to cocked position, `as in Fig.. 8. The trigger 42having been released, the spring 65 swings the rear end of the sear operator 62 downwardly and tilts the sear 50 downwardly at its rearend, the finger 54 being disposed inthe path of the shoulder 55 on the hammer 56, this operation taking place during the time that the breech block20 is moving rearwardly. VVhenthe breech block 2() moves rearwardly, the shoulder 25 on the head 21 Aof the breech block engages the upper endyof the sear operator G2, and holds the back end of the sear opera,- tor from swinging upwardly with respect to the finger 54 of the sear 50, it being thus impossible to pull the trigger 42 whilst the pistol is open.

Vhilstthebreech block 20 is retracted, as in Fig. 3, the spring 11 (Fig. 1) acts` onthe follower 10 to raise a new shell (Fig. 8) out ofthe magazine 5, into the path of thehead 21 of the breech block, so that the shellv will be advanced into the shell chamber of the barrel 4, when the breech blockmoves forwardly. The breech `block 21 moves forwardly to the positionof Fig. l, responsive to the spring 40, shown compressed in The cooking block 32 moves out of engagement with the hammer 56, and the hammer swings forwardly underthe actuation of the spring-pressed plunger 58, from the position of Fig. 3 to the esition of F 1, the shoulder 55 on the hammer engaging the finger54 of the sear 50, the hammer being held cocked. The pistol then is in condition to be fired again. The forward movement of the breech block 20 carries the new shell from the position of Fig.` 3, into the shell chamber of the barrel 4, as in Fig. 1. Y

Then the operator releases his hold on the grip 2, he frees the grip lever 66, and the grip lever swings backwardly on its fulcrum 67 under the actuation of the safety slide 69, which, in its turn. is carried backwardly by the spring 72. As the safety slide 69,is carried backwardly bythe spring 72, the lateral projection or detent 74 (Fig. 9) on the slide 69 is carried above the finger 54 on the sear 50. The sear 50, therefore, cannot be disengaged from the shoulder 55 of the hammer 56, and the hammer is locked in cocked position, until such time as the operator seizes the grip 2, swings the grip lever V66 forwardly, and advances the safety slide 69` to a position in which the det-ent 74 of the `slide no longer is above and engaged with the finger 54 of the sear 50.

Referring to Fig. 8 in connection with Fig. 1, it will be clear that as the hammer 56 moves rearwardly to cocked position, it swings the indicator lever 7 8 outwardly at its rear end,

thereby causing the indicator 79 tostick out through the hole 8O in the frame 1, andthe operator, by sliding his hand over the side of the pistol, is admonished that the piece is cocked.` `When, however,` the `hammer 56 swings forwardly farenough, the spring 82 of'Fig. 84 swings the indicator lever 78 inwardly, thereby retracting the indicator 79 and tipping olf the `operator to the fact that the pistol is not cocked. v

Zine 5 is pulledout ofthe grip 2, the maga zine no longer engages the latch 7 5 and holds the rear end of the latch belowand clear` of the safety slide 69. With the magazine 5 removed, the back end of the latch is swung upwardly by the spring 77, into the recess 73 of the safety slide 69. Therefore, although the operator may take hold of the grip 2 and press on the grip lever 66, `he cannot advance the safety slide 69 and move the detent 74 on the slide (Figs. 9 and l)l from' above the finger 54,0f the sear 50. The result is that the pistolcannot be discharged when the magazine 5 is withdrawn; The si `hts l88are carried by the barrel 4 and lbythe rear part of the frame, andsince the barrel is fixed to the frame, both sights are fixed also. This construction has manifestadvantages over a construction in which one ofthe sights is carried by a Vmovably mounted barrel. Y y

The device may be embodied in a `pistol of `the old-fashioned grip construction, as shown in Fig. 12. In that figure, parts hereinbefore described have been designated by numerals hereinbefore used, `with the suffix a. In this form of the invention, the magazine is not in the grip 2a, but is in a magazine holder 84, formingpart of the frame, but located in advance of the trigger guard 3a. The inspection plate 86a is held in place by securing elements that form supports for many of the workin parts of the pistol, and may be taken off readily, carrying such working parts with it. The same is true of the inspection plate 86 of Figs. 8 and 9.

y Having thus described the invention, what is claimedis:

1. A pistol comprisinga frame, a hammer movably mounted on the frame, a barrel fixed on the frame, a breech block mounted to reciprocate on .the frame, the breech .block forming an abutment for a cartridge in the barrel, the breech block being rearwardly movable, responsive to the recoil of an exploding cartridge, to movethe breech block rearwardly, `the breech block engaging the hammer,as theubreech block moves rearwardly, thereby to cock the hammer, spring means for advancing the breechblock, firing means carried bythe breech block and located between the hammer and the barrel, a trigger movably mounted upon the frame, a sear in the form of a bell crank lever fulcrumed Noting Fig. 1, for instance, when the maga-f link pivoted to the trigger and to theV opposite v end of the -bell crank'sear, and a sear operator movably mounted on the frame and engaging the sear, to cause the sear to engage the hammer and hold the hammer cocked, the sear operator extending into the path of the breech block, whereby, when the breech block moves rearwardly, to cock the hammer, the bree'ch'block will act, through v the instrumentality 'ofthe sear operator, to

hold the sear engaged withthe hammer.

2. The pistol of claim l, in combination with asupply magazine :for the barrel, the magazine being removably mounted in the frame, between the trigger and the Sear, the link extending transversely of the magazin-e, and being offset to clear the magazine.

3. A pistol comprising a frame, a hammer movably mounted on the frame, a barrel fixed upon the frame, a breech block mounted to reciprocate on the frame, the breech'fblock forming an abutment for a cartridge in the barrel, the breech block being rearwardly movable, responsive to the recoil .of an exploding cartridge, to move the breech block rearwardly, the breech block engaging the hammer, as the breech bloc-k moves rearwardly, thereby to cock the hammer, spring means for advancing the breech block, firing means carried by the breech block and located between the hammer and the barrel, a trigger movably mounted upon the frame, sear means cooperating with the hammer, to hold the hammer cocked, the sear means being operatively associated with the trigger, a

sear operator movably mounted on the frame and engaging the sear means, to cause the Sear means to engage the hammer and hold the hammer cocked, the sear operator eX- Ytending into the path of the breech block,

whereby, when the breech block moves rearwardly, to cock the hammer, the breech block will act, through the instrumentality of the sear operator, to hold the sear engaged with the hammer. y Y

4. A pistol comprising` a frame, a hammer movably mounted on the frame, a barrel fixed' .upon the fra-me, a breech block mounted to reciprocate on the frame, the breech block forming an abutment for a cartridge inthe barrel, the breech block beingrearwardlyy movable, responsive to the recoil of an 'exploding cartridge, to move the, breech block s rearwardly, the breech block engaging the hammer, as the breech block moves rearwardly, thereby to cock the hammer, spring means for advancing the breech block, iiring means carried by the breech block and located between the hammer and the barrel, a trigger movably mounted on the frame, sear means associated with the trigger and engaging the hammer, to hold the hammer cocked, a sear operator movably mounted on the frame and engagingv the sear-` means,y to

cause the sear means to engage the hammer `block will act, through the instrumentality of the sear operator, to hold-the sear means engaged with the hammer, a safety slide mounted to reciprocate on the frame, spring means for retracting the safety slide vto cause the safety slide to cooperatewith the sear means and hold the scar means engaged with the hammer, and mechanism for advancing the safety slide todisengage it from the searr means, said mechanism being a grip lever pivoted at its upper end to the safety slide, and pivoted at its ylower end to the grip portion of the frame. v

5. A pistol constructed as set forth in claim 4, in combination with a magazine removably mounted in the frame, a latch movably mounted on the frame and held out of engagement with the safety slide, by engagement with the magazine, when the magazine is in place, andv means for operating the latch,

when the magazine is removed, to cause the l Vbreech block comprising forward and rear parts having overlapped, o'ppositely-extended arms, which are detachably secured together,

the arms of the forward part of the breech block straddling'the abutment, and the arms e c 105 ofthe rear part of the breech blockfbeingl slidably mounted on the frame, a compression spring interposed between theabutment; Yand the forward part of the breech block,

anda ring pin slidablein the breechk block, the rear part of the frame having an open- Y serted in to fthe breech block. Y A y 7. A pistol constructed as set forth' in claim soy ing with the hammer, the cooking block being f mountedbetweenthe arms of the rear part of the breechblock. Y

In testimony that IA claim the foregoing as my own, Ihave hereto a'lixedmy signature. Y

WILLIAM C. FLOYD.

ing through'which the ring pin can beinfj