US1898096A - Sectional boiler - Google Patents

Description

Feb. 21, 1933. c. A. oLsoN ET AL SECTIONAL BOILER Filed Feb. 6, 1930 3 Sheets-Sheet Feb. 21, 1933. c. A. OLSON ET Al.

SECTIONAL BOILER Filed Feb. 6, 1930 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 Feb. 21, 1933. c. A.' oLsoN ET AL SECTIONAL BOILER Filed Feb. 6, 19`7O 5 Sheets-Sheet SOM- 7L Patented Feb. 21, 1933 PATENT OFFICE CHARLES A. OLSON, F GENEVA,.A ND JOHN IP. M AGOS, 0F CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, ASSIGN- y ORS T0 CRANE CO., OF CHICAGO,l ILLINOIS, A CORPORATION 0F ILLINOIS SECTIONAL IBOILER Application filed February 6, 1930. Serial No. 426,205.

This invention relates to hot water and steam boilers of thesectional type and provides by means of a novel construction new advantagesin the transfer of heat from the flue gases to the heated medium and new advantages in the manufacture and maintenance of the boilers.

This invention constitutes an improvement over the prior application of Charles A.

" Olson, Serial No. 301,527, filed August 28,

1928, the improvement consisting in the use of a newV and improved steam dome. By means of this improved steam dome, which is provided with a smoke outlet at the rear 115 ofthe boiler andA which avoids the use of the top outlet for the smoke, the former height of the boiler is held at a minimum.

A further object is to prevent stagnation ofthe flue gases in the-flue passage beneath 2 0 the dome which would otherwise impede if not destroy the slight draft resulting from banked or low firing. This result is accomplished by maintaining this flue passage of substantially constant cross sectional area 25 throughout its length notwithstanding the variation in its width occasioned by the circular contour of the boiler.

Another advantageprovided as anobject of this invention is a maximum downwardy H9.0 ly facing heat transfer area in the dome section under which the hotV gases must flow on their way to the smoke outlet.

Another object of this 4invention is the provision of a steaml dome which canbe "'35 made as a very simple casting requiring no small cores, and also requiring the minimum amount of metal per unit area of downwardly facing heat transfer surface."

The importance of providing as rmuch of i0 the downwardly facing heat transfer surface under which flue gases flow, above which the water to be heated is retained, is that using such. a surface heat is *transferred much more efficiently from fine gases to the wat-er than where vertical surfaces are employed or where upwardly facing surfaces having gas above them and water below them are employed.

Furthermore, another advantage arises in the fact that all of the hea-t transfer surfaces employed in this boiler are easily cleaned and no pockets of substantial size exist therein in which soot may accumulate or which may form dead air spaces for the flue gases. 55 Other objects and advantages of this invention should become apparent upon perusal of this specification and the drawings forming apart thereof.k

In the drawings: y 16,9

Fig. l is a central vertical sectional view of a boiler embodying this invention;

Fig. 2 is aplan view of one of the intermediate sections of the boiler;

Fig. 3 is, a vertical section on the line .65

3 3 of Fig.l 2; y

Fig. l is a plan view of thevdome section; and

Fig. y5 is a partial sectional view, the section being taken on the line 5-5 of Fig. 4. .70

Inthe drawingsthe boiler is shown as comprising a base 1, a fire-box 2 and four intermediate boiler sections 3, 4, 5, and 6, these being surmounted by a steam dome generally lindicated as 7. .75

The grate bar and ash pit construction form no part of this invention, hencerequire no detailed description.

The fire-box ispreferably provided with an'annular water jacket 8 which extends 30 entirely around the fire-box, excepting at the apertures at which are located the elinker door 9 and the feed door 11. The water is introduced into this fire-box water jacket through a pipe 12 and it then flows upward-ll 35 ly through the water jacket and passes through a pair of ports similar to the ports 13 which are provided in the intermediate sectionshown in Fig. 2.

Each of the intermediate sections is concated the fine cleaning door 14:, that is, each 95 intermediate section is provided with a verticaliue aperture substantially likethe aperture 15 shown in Fig. 2, adjacent to which are ports similar to the ports 13 admitting water from below. The water then is conducted from these water inlets at the bottom of each section through the marginal portions 16 and 17 of the water chambers into the main portion 18 of the water cham- 5 ber of the section and thence fiows to the two upwardly extending water outlets 19.

The water inlets of the lowermost section are placed in registry with a pair of water outlets in the hre-box section, one of which outlets 22 is shown located in an enlarged wall portion 23 of the lire-box section. The water inlet of the first intermediate section is held in water tight registry with the outlet 22 by means of the push nipple 24. Ac-

cordingly, it will be understood that each of the two water outlets 19 of each of the intermediate sections 3, a and 5 is placed in registry with the water inlets 13 of the sections which respectively lie above them. The

20 water outlets 19 of the top intermediate section 6 are connected with the water inlets of the dome section 7, thus conveying the water into the large chamber 26 in the dome section from which it may be con- 25 ducted into the heating system.

The flue gases flow from the fire-box upwardly against the downwardly facing surface of the first intermediate section7 which M surface corresponds to the horizontal wall 30 27 shown in Fig. 3. The flue gases then flowthrough the first vertical fine aperture which corresponds to the aperture 15 shown in Fig. .2 and 3, thence above the water M chamber 1S of the first sectionl and below the corresponding horizontal water chamber 1S of the second intermediate section until the flue frases reach the second vertical flue such as the flue 15 and continue their upward course. It will be observed that the flue gases are thus caused to traverse under each downwardly facing lower wall of the horizontal water chambers 187 thence through 4the vertical flue 15 in each section and are then caused to repeat the same "15 course under and through the succeeding boiler sections which lie thereabove. Eventually the flue O'ases emerge from the ruppermostV horizontal section 6 under the lower wall 28 of the steam dome where these gases vonce more contact with an upwardly ,facing heat transfer surface imparting to the water thereabore retained their heat units with maximum efliciency. rlhe fine gases are then thereafter conducted through the smoke outiet 29 and are carried olf through a smoke outletnot shown.

The flue passage immediately beneath the water chamber of the dome is obviously of varying width because of the cuter curvature of its side walls. To maintain a substantially uniform cross section of this passage from inlet to outlet so as to obviate stagnation of the gases therein, the depth of the passage is varied inversely to but G5 commensurately with the variation in width.

Vfacing area which therefore provides the This variation in depth is accomplished in the present instance by downwardly curving the upper wall 28 from its ends towards its center as shown proportionately with the outward curvature of the side walls.

This curved contour of the wall 28 in ad dition to equalizing the cross sectional area of the underlving flue passage from inlet to outlet also increases the heat transferring area of said wall. 75

Both the water and iiue gases travel continuously in a generally upward direction and each traverse as nearly as possible the entire horizontal width of their respective passages through each boiler section until the flue gases emerge through the outlet 29 and the water is carried upwardly through its outlet port 31. The water passages of the adjacent boiler sections are suitably connectedrby means of push nipples such as the push nipple 24C while the flue passages of the several sections are readily connected by placing the sections one above the other. The margins of the flue passages at the eX- terior of the boiler are sealed by cooperating ribs such as ribs 32, 33 and 34.

All of the area of the steam dome which is exposed to the flue gases isa downwardly best conditions for the maximum transfer of heat from the flue gases to the water. Furthermore, since no attempt is made to conduct the flue gases upwardly through the dome section there is no necessity for providing any verticallyV walled passages for de- UO Vlivering the flue gases upwardly. It is desirable to eliminate such vertical walls as they are not efficient heat transfer surfaces and while they do add considerably to the u cost of metal vrequired in the casting they '105 do not increase the efficiency of the boiler. Furthermore, with a dome section designed as shown in the drawings no small cores are required for its casting which is therefore a considerable advantage from the manufacturing standpoint and this advantage is obtainable along with the advantages of increased heat transfer eflicicncy. In order to properly brace this heat transfer surface of the dome section a plurality of spacing'll rods 35 are cast connecting the upper and lower walls of the dome section to prevent warping thereof.

It will be noted that the flue gases issuing n from the fire-box are conducted in a single stream iowing continuously to the smoke outlet. By retaining these gases in a single stream their stratification into layers of different temperatures is thus more readily prevented and it is found from experiments that a higher eiiiciency of heat transfer is thus obtained. Furthermore, a substantially constant flue area is provided throughout all of the boiler' sections which contributes to the maintaining of constant Velocity of the flue gases and constant contact of the gas with the flue walls.

The bosses 38 with which the dome scction is provided and two of which surround the water inlet apertures 25, are provided on their top surfaces with flat shoulders such as the shoulder 39 shown in Fig. 5. When the furnace man is assembling this boiler and has placed all of the sections in proper position he utilizes the shoulders 39 for hammering the sections down one upon the other to assure the tight fitting of the push nipples. These bosses being directly above the push nipples serve to transmit the force of the blows directly down upon the entire assemblage of push nipples.

rlhis arrangement of intermediate sections and dome section is such that obviously the contour of the water chambers can be corrugated to increase the heat transfer surface area thereof or the surfaces may even be curved with the object in view of changing the cross sectional area of the flue from that which is here shown but yet providing a substantially constant cross sectional flue area throughout the entire ue passage.

It should be understood that the drawings and specification disclose the invention particularly in one embodiment thereof but that various modifications may be devised which will remain within the spirit and scope of the invention.

Having shown and described our invention, we claim:

l. A cylindrical boiler comprising transversely disposed interconnected water chambers and a iiue passage of varying width extending between said chambers, the side walls of said passage being curved outwardly between the ends and a horizontal wall thereof being curved inwardly proportionately to said outward curvature of said side walls to diminish the depth of the passage commensurately with the increase in width thereof.

2. A cylindrical boiler comprising transversely disposed interconnected water chambers and a Hue passage of varying Width eX- tending between said chambers, the height of said passage varying inversely to the width thereof from inlet to outlet to maintain a s substantially constant cross-sectional area throughout the length of the passage.

3. A cylindrical boiler comprising transversely disposed interconnected Water chambers and a flue passage of varying width extending between said chambers, said passage being of substantially uniform cross-sectional area from inlet to outlet but of maximum width and minimum depth ata point intermediate the ends thereof.

t. A cylindrical boiler comprising transversely disposed interconnected water chambers and a iiue passage of varyingwidth eX- tending between said chambers, said passage sage intermediate its ends commensurately with the increase in width thereof. f

In witness of the foregoing we aiiiX our signatures.

CHARLES A. OLSON. JOHN P. MAGOS.

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