US1892832A - Process of preparing uni-directional current carrying devices - Google Patents

Process of preparing uni-directional current carrying devices Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US1892832A
US1892832A US55523A US5552325A US1892832A US 1892832 A US1892832 A US 1892832A US 55523 A US55523 A US 55523A US 5552325 A US5552325 A US 5552325A US 1892832 A US1892832 A US 1892832A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
blank
oxide
copper
uni
heating
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US55523A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Paul H Geiger
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hitachi Rail STS USA Inc
Original Assignee
Union Switch and Signal Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to FR595909D priority Critical patent/FR595909A/fr
Application filed by Union Switch and Signal Inc filed Critical Union Switch and Signal Inc
Priority to US55523A priority patent/US1892832A/en
Priority to DEW71965D priority patent/DE529305C/de
Priority to NL32884A priority patent/NL19973C/xx
Priority to BE332988D priority patent/BE332988A/xx
Priority to FR32129D priority patent/FR32129E/fr
Priority to US131620A priority patent/US1704734A/en
Priority to GB11611/27A priority patent/GB276622A/en
Priority to DEW76784D priority patent/DE487733C/de
Priority to NL37905A priority patent/NL23279C/xx
Priority to FR34002D priority patent/FR34002E/fr
Priority to BE344478D priority patent/BE344478A/xx
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US1892832A publication Critical patent/US1892832A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
    • H01L21/16—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising cuprous oxide or cuprous iodide
    • H01L21/161—Preparation of the foundation plate, preliminary treatment oxidation of the foundation plate, reduction treatment
    • H01L21/164—Oxidation and subsequent heat treatment of the foundation plate
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
    • H01L21/16—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising cuprous oxide or cuprous iodide
    • H01L21/161—Preparation of the foundation plate, preliminary treatment oxidation of the foundation plate, reduction treatment
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
    • H01L21/16—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising cuprous oxide or cuprous iodide
    • H01L21/161—Preparation of the foundation plate, preliminary treatment oxidation of the foundation plate, reduction treatment
    • H01L21/165—Reduction of the copper oxide, treatment of the oxide layer

Definitions

  • Fig. 1 1s a view showing, in elevation, one form of blank ready to be prepared as a uni-directional current-carrying device according to my invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a view showing in vertical section, auni-directional currentcarrying device as it would appear at pne point in a process embodying my invention.
  • Fig. 3 is a view showing acompleted unidirectional current-carrying device constructed in accordance with my invention.
  • the reference character A designates a blank of suitable material such as, copper. As shown, thls blank is of circular configuration and is provided with a central aperture A, although this particular form is not essential.
  • the copper blank is chemically cleaned in a suitable manner, as by a sand blast, or by 1mmersing it for an instant in a caustic solution such as an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide or common lye and afterward washing in water to remove the cleansing agent.
  • the blank is then heated in the presence of air, as in an electric furnace. If the temperature of the copper reaches approximately 1040 centigrade, the surface of-the blank assumes a glazed appearance. The temperature of the blank should be so controlled that it is close to and preferably just below this glazing temperature or, say 101 5 centigrade.
  • the application of heat causes a layer of red oxide of copper, or cuprous oxlde, to be formed on each side of the blank. This layer is of comparatively low resistance.
  • the heating process is continued until the cuprous oxide layer is sufficiently thick to be mechanically strong. During this process there is formed also a thin coating of black oxide of copper or cupric oxide, over the outside of the blank. This black oxide coating has a comparatively high electrical
  • the blank is transferred immediately to a second furnace which is maintained at a temperature of about 600 centigrade. In the second furnace the blank gradually cools in the presence of air.
  • Fig. 2 In which A is the copper blank, 1 and 1 are the two layers of cuprous oxide, and 2 and 2 are the coatings of black copper oxide which cover the blank. the oxide coatings being greatly magnified in thickness in this view.
  • the black oxide is removed from Both the black oxide coating 2 and the red oxide coating 1 may be similarly removed from the other side to permit connection with the copper member A. I have found it advantageous toapply powdered petroleum coke to the oxide coating at this stage to decrease contact resistance.
  • Fig. 3 One convenient arrangement for connecting the device to an outside circuit is illustrated in Fig. 3.
  • the aperture A of the copper disk A is provided with a bolt 6 which is insulated from the disk by means of an insulating sleeve 8.
  • This bolt also carriestwo terminal plates 4 and 4 of some suitable electro-conducting material such as copper, one of th ese plates being disposed on each side of the disk A.
  • a number of thicknesses of tinfoil or leadfoil 3 are interposed between each plate and the disk for the purpose of securing more perfect contact. This tinfoil is particularly desirable adjacent the oxide coating, but may be disclaimedd with on the other side of the disk.
  • the bolt 6 is provided with a nut-6 for clamping the parts rigidly together, it being noticed that insulating washers 5 and 5 are interposed between the bolt head and the nut and the adjacent terminal plates to prevent short-circuiting the device.
  • the connec tions to the external circuit may then be conveniently made by means of wires 7 and 7* attached to plates 4 and 4, respectively.
  • the device When assembled in the manner shown in the drawing the device will offer considerably higher resistance to current flowing from wire 7 to wire 7 than to current fiowlng'in the opposite direction.
  • the asymmetrical properties of the devices can be improved by repeating the heating process several times.
  • the blank is oxidized, gradually cooled, and quenched as before, the black oxide removed, and the blank is then returned to the furnace fora second heating after which it is gradually cooled and quenched as before. After each quenching the black oxide is removed, and this process is repeated till the surfaces attain the desired characteristics, after which the device may be assembled-as described hereinbefore.
  • Devices prepared in accordance with my invention maybe used for numerous purposes, such for examples as charging'storage batteries from alternating current sources, and operating direct current electrical instruments from sources of alternating current supply.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Switches (AREA)
  • Chemical Treatment Of Metals (AREA)
  • Primary Cells (AREA)
  • Contacts (AREA)
  • Braking Arrangements (AREA)
US55523A 1925-09-10 1925-09-10 Process of preparing uni-directional current carrying devices Expired - Lifetime US1892832A (en)

Priority Applications (12)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR595909D FR595909A (fr) 1925-09-10 1925-03-28 Perfectionnements dans les dispositifs redresseurs de courants
US55523A US1892832A (en) 1925-09-10 1925-09-10 Process of preparing uni-directional current carrying devices
DEW71965D DE529305C (de) 1925-09-10 1926-03-12 Ventilglied fuer Wechselstromventile oder Gleichrichter
NL32884A NL19973C (de) 1925-09-10 1926-03-18
BE332988D BE332988A (de) 1925-09-10 1926-03-26
FR32129D FR32129E (fr) 1925-09-10 1926-08-09 Perfectionnements dans les dispositifs redresseurs de courants
US131620A US1704734A (en) 1925-09-10 1926-08-26 Manufacture of electrical rectifiers
GB11611/27A GB276622A (en) 1925-09-10 1927-04-30 Improvements relating to current rectifying apparatus
DEW76784D DE487733C (de) 1925-09-10 1927-08-06 Verfahren zur Bildung von Gleichrichterelementen
NL37905A NL23279C (de) 1925-09-10 1927-08-09
FR34002D FR34002E (fr) 1925-09-10 1927-08-19 Perfectionnements dans les dispositifs redresseurs de courant
BE344478D BE344478A (de) 1925-09-10 1927-08-24

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US55523A US1892832A (en) 1925-09-10 1925-09-10 Process of preparing uni-directional current carrying devices
US131620A US1704734A (en) 1925-09-10 1926-08-26 Manufacture of electrical rectifiers

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US1892832A true US1892832A (en) 1933-01-03

Family

ID=26734321

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US55523A Expired - Lifetime US1892832A (en) 1925-09-10 1925-09-10 Process of preparing uni-directional current carrying devices
US131620A Expired - Lifetime US1704734A (en) 1925-09-10 1926-08-26 Manufacture of electrical rectifiers

Family Applications After (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US131620A Expired - Lifetime US1704734A (en) 1925-09-10 1926-08-26 Manufacture of electrical rectifiers

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (2) US1892832A (de)
BE (2) BE332988A (de)
DE (2) DE529305C (de)
FR (3) FR595909A (de)
GB (1) GB276622A (de)
NL (2) NL19973C (de)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2496721A (en) * 1945-10-19 1950-02-07 Westinghouse Electric Corp Rectifier
US2990300A (en) * 1957-12-16 1961-06-27 Mc Graw Edison Co Protective device

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2462218A (en) * 1945-04-17 1949-02-22 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Electrical translator and method of making it
DE972433C (de) * 1951-10-07 1959-07-23 Siemens Ag Verfahren zur Herstellung von Kupferoxydul-Gleichrichterscheiben

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2496721A (en) * 1945-10-19 1950-02-07 Westinghouse Electric Corp Rectifier
US2990300A (en) * 1957-12-16 1961-06-27 Mc Graw Edison Co Protective device

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL19973C (de) 1929-05-15
NL23279C (de) 1930-12-15
US1704734A (en) 1929-03-12
BE344478A (de) 1927-08-30
FR34002E (fr) 1929-04-29
DE529305C (de) 1931-07-11
BE332988A (de) 1928-04-30
DE487733C (de) 1929-12-19
FR595909A (fr) 1925-10-12
GB276622A (en) 1928-07-30
FR32129E (fr) 1927-09-10

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US2364642A (en) Method of making selenium elements
US1892832A (en) Process of preparing uni-directional current carrying devices
US2221596A (en) Method of manufacturing dry rectifiers
US2229436A (en) Method of making metal-enclosed vacuum tubes
US3055098A (en) Brazing dissimilar metals
US2241505A (en) Manufacture of metal to porcelain seals
US3071490A (en) Bond between a base metal and a sprayed-on metal layer
US2193610A (en) Selenium contact electrode
US2194189A (en) Pole line insulator
US2468845A (en) Alternating electric current rectifier
US1896040A (en) Insulated wire and process therefor
US2261725A (en) Selenium rectifier
US1801836A (en) Metal-oxide rectifier
US1770839A (en) Electric contact
US2367943A (en) Copper oxide rectifier for automobiles
US1196744A (en) Welded metal.
US1862014A (en) Method of making thermosensitive resistors
US1932067A (en) Process of producing well-conducting electric connections between a layer of a metalcompound and a coating of a ductile metal applied to it
US2383311A (en) Contact for copper oxide rectifiers
US1895684A (en) Electric current rectifier
US2685728A (en) Translating material and method of manufacture
US1915984A (en) Manufacture of copper oxide rectifiers
US1526139A (en) Electrical resistance unit
US2338890A (en) Electrical rectifier
US1863843A (en) Process of preparing metal for use in unidirectional current carrying devices