US1889076A - Loom - Google Patents

Description

K. MUTTER Nov. 29, 1932.

LOOM

Filed April 28 1930 5 Sheets-Sheet K. MUTTER Nov. 29, V193.2.

LOOM

FiledkApril 28. 1950 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 K. MUTTER Nov. 29, 1932.

LOOM

Filed April 28. 1930 3 Sheets-Sheet I5 Patented Nov. 29, 1932 UNITED STATES KARL MUTTER, OF TRIPTIS, GERMANY LOOM Application filed April 28, 1930, Serial No. 448,071, and in Germany May 2, 1929.

, This invention relates to improvements in looms and more especially to an improved construction of loom for plain weaving. Essentially my invention consists therein that shuttles are used which, instead of being thrown freely over the width of the fabric through the shed, are moved through a fixed guide-means. The advantage resulting from this construction resides in the fact that,

i0 while heretofore only'single shuttles could be thrown at a time over the width of the fabric, by my invention it will be possible to operate a plurality of shuttles in immediate succession, so that the shuttles will con- 4i5 tinuously be in operation.

'An example of a preferred construction of a loom according to my invention is shown in the accompanying vdraw-wings and described in the below s eciflcation, while the novel 2o combinations o parts are pointed out in the ap ended claims. fin the drawings, Fig. 1 is a diagrammatical representation, partly in section, of a pre` ferred form of construction of my new loom,

'25 said section being taken in longitudinal di v rection of the warp-threads, Fig. 2 a diagrammatical side-view of the loom shown in Fig.

1, Fig. 3 a plan-view showing in particular a plurality of shuttles used in the loom according to'any invention, Fig. 4 is a diagram explaining the actuation of the shed by means of thev shed actuating rollers shown 1n Figs.

1 and 3, and Fig. 5 a cross-section through the shaft of the weaving roller of the loom.

Referring 'more partlcularly to the drawings in which like reference characters designate like parts, it may be noted that only so Amuch of the loom is shown as necessary toI give a clear picture of the novellconstruction 4ov of the loom and the principles of operation according to my invention. Thus, for in stance, the thread-guards which are of subordinate mpo'rtance'in connection with my invention are omitted; the thread-guards, moreover, may be replaced by any one of the auxiliaries which are known in .connection with looms of ordinary construction. A Further details which are evident to those skilled in the art are likewise omitted from the drawings, such as forA instance,the governor for the beam for the completed fabric, the brake for the warp-beam and so forth, as these parts may likewise be constructed in any manner usual in the construction of looms.

The main frame of my new loom is composed of two side-walls R, which are connected with each other by means of channelirons E and F to provide a proper re-inforcement. Auxiliary bars G and H ofsuitable construction are used as a supplementary reinforcement for the frame and bearing blocks or pedestal carriages whi'chsare omitted from the drawings for the sake of clearness serve for the reception ofthe shafts which carry the main operatingmembers of the loom.

K is the Warp-beam on which the warpthreads 15 are wound. The latter are passed over the cloth-beam C and from here through the dividing grooves on the crossrails 7c and the harness A which is more fully described hereinbelow. The warp-threads are thereupon furtherfcarried over the breast-beam B towards the cloth-roller or beam W for the completed fabric. The warp-beam and the beam for the completed fabric are driven in the-usual manner.

The weaving mechanism proper of my new loom comprises substantially four shafts 1,

5, 26 and 33. The weft-threads are operated 'by the shaft or weaving roller 1, while the 80 motion of the shuttles is effected by the shaft 5 (feed-shaft) The harness which'serves for the formation of the shed is operated by the treadle-shaft or shed actuating shaft 26. The shaft 33, finally, serves for a special purpose more fully explained hereinbelow. The several shafts are connected with each other by suitable gears whereby all shafts are operated from a single shaft. Preferably the drive is derived from the shaft 5 and a loose and a 90 fixed pulley S and S1 is used on the shaft 33.

.If the driving belt (not shown in the dra-wings) which serves for driving the `loom is laid on said fixed pulley, rotary motion will be transmitted from the shaft 33 to the shaft 95 5 by way of a gear 34 and a further gear 35 mounted upon said shaft 5. The shaft 5 furthermore carries a ear 36 which meshes with a companion gear 3 the shaft 1. 'Rotation of thisy shaft is transmittedby a gear 38 andl 100 an intermediate gear 39 to a gear 40 mounted upon the shaft 26.

The shaft 33 drives by means of a gear 41 and an intermediate gear 42 a further gear 43 connected with a worm 44 in mesh with a worm-gear 45. vThe .shaft 46 of this wormgear 45 carries a disk 31. It is to be under-` stood that while the disk 31 is mounted on the shaft 46, as shown in Fig. 2, a second disk 30 is provided on the other end of the machine and this second disk is mounted on a second shaft 46 with worm drivel identical to that indicated at 44-45. Therefore, in Fig. 1 two shafts 46 and the two disks 30 and 31 lie one behind the other.

In order to produce a plain binding, the ratio of gear between the shafts 33 and 5 is 1: 1, the ratio of gear between the shafts 5.. and 1 is 2: 1 and the ratio of gear lbetween the shafts 1 and 26 is likewise 2: 1.

, For tweel binding there are provided two shed actuatingor treadle rollers, the ratio of l gear between the shafts 1 and said rollers being now 4: 1. The governor for thebeam for the completed fabric is preferably operated' from theshaft 1. As regards its specific construction this governor is similar to governors of this kind which are ordinarily used in connection with looms.

The weaving roller is operated by means'of cam-disks 2 of any desired shape upon the shaft l by the intermediary of spacing members in the form of further disks 3. In this manner, for instance, it will be possible, as maybe seen from Fig. 1, to make the several cam-disks of oblong shape and to angularly displace said disks with respect to each other to form a kind of threaded shaft as shown diagrammatically in Fig. 3. This displacement of the cam-disks now will have the effect that one portion of said disks will contact at a time immediately with the completed fabric, while the intermediate disks will be positioned at some/greater distance from the completed fabric or, as the case may be, from the last operated weft-thread and the circumference of the disk.

Upon rotation of the shaft 1 consequently the weft-thread operated by the shuttle 13 viilll be engaged and thrown-in quite gradua y.

Tn accordance with the specific kind of fabric to be woven on the loom the form of the disks 2 `may be properly chosen. The

disks, moreover, may be of a conformation permitting to effect not only a single but also a double beat. Thus, the disks shown in fulldra-wn lines in the drawings serve for producing a single beat, while an alternate conformation of the disks as shown in dashdotted lines may serve forv producing a double beat. 1 Finally, also disks may be used which provide a proper guide for both, the

upper as well as the under warp-thread.

The shuttles may be of any construction having, for instance, the form of a long bolt 12 on which there is mountedeither loosely or liXedly-a thread-spindle or spool 13 which is wound-o automatically and causes the weft-thread 14 to pass through la special guide 14a as far as to a point above the center of the shaft 1, so that the weft-thread may now be engaged in the front of the guide 14a by the disks 2. The bolt 12 as well as the guide 14a are mounted upon a base-plate 11 of sh-eet metal. This plate or sheet 11 carries a downwardly directed arm 11a and is connected by the means of an oval intermediate member with a slide 11 having the conformation of a dovetail. The plate or sheet 11 serves to secure the guide by acting against a comb 331) fixed to the frame 8 by means of a cross-bar 33a.

The frame 8 consists essentially, as shown in Figs. 1, 2 and 3, of a series of vertical bars and spacing disks 9 mounted on transverse rods 9a. Free spaces or interstices will thus be provided in the frame permitting passage of a number of warp-threads as shown at 15 and 15a in Fig. 3. In the vertical bars of the frame S there is provided a guide means for the dovetail of the slide 11b, as may likewise be seen from Fig. 1.

The arm 11a engages with a shaft 5 composed of a plurality of disks 7. The several disks 7 in the present case are likewise sepai rated from each other by spacing disks 6 similar to the spacing disks 3 on the shaft 1. The displacement of the disks 7 is4 of such character that there will be produced a worm having a very small pitch, said worm during rotation moving the shuttle over the width of the fabric, asshown in Fig. 3. The shuttle may be introduced by hand or also automatically. The-same holds true for the shuttle during its motion away from the other edge'of the fabric.

Fig. 2 shows an automatic operation of the aforementioned kind. Thel shuttles, after having been thrown by the shaft 5 over the width of the fabric, are moved towards a closed guide 47 in which a disk 31 rotates, as indicated at the top of Fig. 2. Recesses 49 are provided at the circumference ofthe disk, the size of said recesses being in agreement with the size of the intermediary member 11C. These recesses 49 now grip the shuttles at the intermediary part 11o and move said shuttles together with the disk along the closed guide groove 47 towards above, where they will come in engagement with a guide-groove 48. The above mentioned shaft 33 carries a worm 28, preferably made of a single pieoe having the same pitch as the worm 7 on the shaft 5. The arm 11a will now be gripped by the worm and the shuttle moved over the fabric towards the other edge thereof. At this place there are provided a disk 30 identical with the fabric, the same as on the left-hand side.

.breast-beam there or frame 8 and into the range of action of the worm 7 After winding-olf the spool 13 must be replaced. For this purpose the time may be used during which the shuttles are moved back by the shaft 28. Owing to the fact that the operation of weaving is carried out simultaneously with several shuttles thrown across the fabric, the motion of the shuttles is so slow that replacement of a spool will be ini-4 mediately possible.

Whenever the weft-threads are thrown across the fabric, they will be cut-oli' automatically". 'lhere are two possibilities of such cutting-od of the weft-threads. ln the may also be provided a knife 29a as shownin Fig. 2 and the last of the disks 2 may be constructed as a knife-disk 29. ln this case there is rovided a special possibility of cutting-o the weft-thread after the shuttle has been moved further through a certain distance by the feed-roller 5. ln the last case the weft-threads will terminate immediately at the edge of the fabric, while in the first case they are laidl around and properly woven into the fabric. rlfhe weft-threads also may be connected with the warp-threads by means of aI glue, paste or the like.

After cutting od' theweft-thread, the latter will suspendto somel length from the shuttle, as clearly shown in lllig. l. Since the several weft-threads are always cut ont uniformly by the cutting device, said weftthreads will also uniformly suspend from all shuttles. During being thrown into the shed from the left-hand side thereof, the shuttle will drag this end of the weft-thread along and as the shed closes shortly in the rear of the shuttle, said weft-thread will also be properly caught to form a smooth edge on llf it is desired to produce an especially strong and sharp weaving edge of the fabric, a cutting device with knives in the form of bars may be provided, both, on the left-hand side as well as onfthe right-hand side of the fabric.

The shed is yformed by heddles 16 as may be seen from Figs.' 1 and 2.Y Q

rll`he shed actuating roller consists of a shaft 26 on which rings 27 and disks 25 are arranged in alternate succession. The latter constitute the shed actuating mechanism proper which, as indicated in Fig. 2, is made up from segments. 'lhe shed actuating disks 2i and 22.

are displaced relatively to each other similarly to the disks on the above described shaft, so that a threaded spindle or the like will be produced. Every shed actuating disk co-operates with an annular member 24 and a lever 20 pivoted thereto. The front ends of the levers 2O are provided with abore 20a engaged by the strings 19 by the aid of eyes The strings19 again are connected by means of the 'eyes 17 with the heddles 16 which form the shed. In this manner, several systems will be formed which run over the rollers 18 and 18a. Upon rotation of the shed actuating rollei` 26 the levers 20 will be rocked upward anddownward around the fixed pivot point 23, the disks 251 carrying the annular members 24 with them. Motion of the lever 20 will now likewise causeupward and downward motion of the strings, so that alternately the warp-thread 15 is lifted and atthe same time the warp-thread 15a lowered, and the warp-thread 150; lifted and the warp-thread 15 lowered inthe one or other limit position of the lever 20.

Motion of the warp- threads 15 and 15a in this vertical position is rendered .possible by the fact that both shafts or rollers 1 and 5 are provided with a plurality of spaced disks.

@wing to the displacement of the disks 25 on the shaft 26 there will be obtained a shed which progresses over the width of the fabric. A. diagram of Fig 4 shows the formation of the shed. 'A shed actuating lever 20., however, but, if necessary also two heddles or finally also a whole bundle of such heddles which lare connected in every case by means of the heddle carrier in the string 19.. For plain will notlonly actuate a ysingle heddle fabrics, that is fabrics with a binding in the@E form of linen, one shed actuating roller will be sufcient. `lllowever,l there may also be used a plurality of such shed actuating rollers simultaneously, only one seriesof heddles t being case of a tweel-binding preferably two or now moved by each of these rollers. ln will four shed actuatingrollers may he used. 'ln v.

ycase of a linen binding the pitchl ofthe shed actuating" roller is twice as large as that of the weavingy roller. -When using another binding, however.,l a shed lactuatlng roller the former.;

During vone,

the feed 'roller 5 will move a shuttle 11 from must be used having a pitch diderent from llt) the point a towards the point as shown in Fig. 3. The shed actuating roller 26 will also displace the periods of opening ofthe *shedd' to the same extent by ymaking one and one half revolution and in case oftweel-binding /one and a quarter revolution. a

The feed roller 5 may likewlse be used in connection with ordinary looms and may be provided within the shuttle-race. The dovetail guide would in this casexhave to be replaced ,by a second fee roller positioned either above or below the first feed-roller. ln t some cases of course also one feed roller/may be sufficient, if proper guiding of the/shuttle can be eected. lnstead of the plates or sheets 8 a reed would in this case have to be according as /to whether the shed actuating roller is rotated a greater or smaller numused. With a loom equipped in this manner i one or more widths of fabrics may be woven' 4l- I megeve ber of times in left-hand or right-hand sense of rotation. The picker mechanism and shuttle-boxes may in this case be dispensed with. In other respects a loom of this construction operates in the same manner as a loom of ordinary construction.

I claim: 1. In a loom, a frame, a plurality of shuttles movable in said frame, means, for throwing the shuttles in continuous successi on over the width of the fabric, shed forming members, means to actuate the shed forming members to form a shed in advance of the moving shuttles over the width of the fabric and l5 to close the shed behind said shuttles, the shuttle throwing means and the actuating means for the shed forming members being of substantially helical form to time the movements of the shuttle throwing .means and the actuating means for the shed forming members.

2. In a loom, a frame, a plurality of shuttles movable in said frame, means for throwing the shuttles in continuous succession over the width of the fabric, shed forming members, means to actuate the shed forming members to form a shed in advance of the moving shuttles over the width of the fabric and to close the shed behind said shuttles, and a rotary cam-like beater operating in timed relation tothe shuttles and shed forming members to beat the weft thread during closing of the shed, the shuttle throwing means and V actuating means for the shed forming mem- .L bers and weft beater being of substantially helical form.

3. In a loom, a frame, a plurality of shuttles, guide means for the shuttles, and means for throwing the shuttles in continuous suc- 4" cession over the width of the fabric, each shuttle including a spindle, a bobbin thereon, supporting members carried by the spindles and mounted in the guides, a projecting arm lon the supporting member provided with guiding eyes for the weft thread, said guide .means being arranged to guide the shuttlesv v through the-shed and externally thereof. i

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification.

KARL MUTTER.

Images