US188198A - Improvement in tempering and forming articles of steel - Google Patents

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a. F. smoubs. TEMP ERING AND FORMING ARTICLES OF STEEL. No.188,198.

Patented March 6,1377.

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G. F. SIMONDS.

'TEMPERING AND FORMING ARTICLES OF STEEL. No.188,198. I Patented March 6,1877.

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V G F SIMONDS TEMPERING AND FORMING ARTICLES 0F STEEL. I No.188,198. Patented March 6,1877.

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GJF. SIMONDS.

-T EIIIPE=I Z'I-IQIZGLQA-ND FORMING ARTICLES OF STEEL. No. 188,198TQ' Patented March 6,1877.

N PETERS, PHOTCLLITHOGRAPHER, WASHINGTON. n. C.

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IMPROVEMENT IN TEMPERING AND FORMING ARTICLES OF STEEL.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 188,198, dated March 6, 1877; application filed December 12, 1876.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that'I, GEORGE E. SIMoNDs, of Fitchburg, Massachusetts, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Apparatus for Tempering and Forming Articles of Steel, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description, reference being bad to the accompanying drawings, making a part of this specification, in which- Figure l is a perspective view of a temperingoven with my improvement-s attached. Fig. 2 is a longitudinal section through y y of Fig. 4. Fig. 3 is a vertical cross-section through 2 z of Fig. 4. Fig. 4 is a horizontal section through a; w of Fig. 2. Fig. 5 represents the rear of one of the formers.

My invention relates to the hardening, tempering, and bringing to their ultimate forms articles of steel, or of steel and iron combined, and is an improvement on Patents N 0. 151,167, dated May 19, 187 4, and No. 169,736, dated November 9, 1875 and it consists in the process of adjusting the fast and loose in a saw, and in-several combinations of devices, here inafter explained and claimed, whereby saws may be tempered and straightened without the usual process of hammering.

To enable others skilled in the art to make and use my invention, I will proceed to describe the exact manner in which I have carried it out.

In the said drawings, A A represent the walls of an oven; B, the roof O, the fire-box, and D the tempering and forming chamber. Above the fire-box is placed the heat-distributer a, shaped in cross-section as shown in Fig. 2, to equally distribute the heat in its passage to the tempering and forming chamber. The flat fire-proof tile which I have heretofore used for this purpose, if not set with great precision horizontally, was liable to distribute the heat unequally to the sides of the forming-chamber, and thus defeat the object sought to be accomplished by an even distribution of heat. To overcome this difficulty I form the distributer a. as shown in cross-section in Fig. 2 of the drawing, the lower point being placed longitudinally exactly over the center of the fire-box (J. This peculiar form of distributer I find, by actual experiment, is a great improvement upon my former patents. The distributor a is constructed of equal width on its upper flat surface withthe formingchamber D, and having 'on each side a flue, to", opening directly under The formers are suspended in the chamber,

as shown in Fig. 2, by means of revolving shafts b b, provided with necessary hearings in the frame-work E E. The outer ends of these shafts are provided with screws ff, by which they can be moved longitudinally, and the formers can be closed or opened within the temperingchamber. By means of the wheel F the shaft 12 may be easily revolved, and when the formers are brought in contact or closed on an article to be tempered, it is evident that the shaft b will also be caused to revolve with the shaft 0, and the two formers may herevolved Within the chamber D. This revolution of the formers may become desirable in order to secure more certainlya uniform temperature. The great purpose of this construction is to place the article to be tempered and formed entirely out of the reach of any draft, as stated in my Patent N 0. 169,736, and thus secure an evenness of heat essential to success. The heat in the surrounding chambers H may bereadily regulated or directed from one portion of the chamber D to another by means of the dampers 2 2 and flues a a.

By means of the fines and dampers placed so as to'completely control the heat in its passages to and around the tempering-oven, am enabled to throw the heat into the center of the oven, or onto the outer edge, or on any desired part of the saw, and thus adjust at pleasure the exact temperingof its different portions, which process of adjusting the fast and loose is an essential part of my present invention. If an uneven strain is desired between the center and periphery-that is, if for any other reason it is desirable to have the saw loose in center or loose between center and periphery, I accomplish it,-an d yet leave the saw on any given circle uniform in its tension, which cannot be the iresultiof a saw hammered.

The terms fast and loose, as applied to the manufacture of saws, are well understood portance tobe able to adjust this fast and loose in the saw in order to adapt it to its particular work, as before stated.

When the saw or article to be temperedand brought to its ultimate form has been properly hardened, and is placed between the formers c 0, the door is closed, and the article is secured in position by the gradual movement of the screws ff until the pressure is sutficient to bring the piece :to the desired form, where it is held subjected to the perfectly uniform and desired amount of heat until the article takes a permanent set to the required form, when it can be removed to make place for another.

My formers c c are of a novel construction, as shown in Figs. 3 and 5. The face of the former, instead of beinga smooth flat surface, is grooved in such a manner as to divide it up into numerous small surfacemresembling somewhat the face of a waffle-iron. Behind this face is a series of radial ribs, k, to stre n gthen and support thesame, and the formers are perforated thickly with small holes 3, while their flanges, are slotted at 4, to admit free passage for the heat to all parts of the formers, and secure a more uniform temperature.

In further aid of securing a perfectly uniform temperature in the tempering and forming oven, I combine with it the use of the blower l at the junction of the two air-passages pp. These passages lead into the oven,

and by means of the blower 1a cunrentimay be produced through the passages, which will tend to secure a uniform temperature inside the oven D. It is evident that the blower can be placed in a variety of positions to effect the same result therefore I do not'limit myself to the position of the blower as shown in the drawings.

The leading object of this invention, like my inventions upon which this is an improvement, is to produce a perfect saw without the necessityiof hammerin Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-- l. The process herein described of adjusting the fast and loose in a saw by throwing the heat on the center or the outer edge, or

on any desired part of the saw, the same being held to the required position, substantially as set forth.

2. Formers for tempering and forming articles of steel, in combination with a fan or blower to equalize the heat, substantially as described. I i

3. Formers for tempering and forming articles of steel, iuclosed in a heating-oven, in combination with a fan or blower, substantially as set forth.

4. The distributer a constructed withsharp downward point and withogee sides, substantially as described and shown, in combination with a tempering-oven, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

5. The distributer a, provided with theflues a, in combination with the vertical flues a and dampers, substantially asand forthe purpose set forth.' i

, GEO. F. SIMONDS.

Witnesses:

THOMAS 0.0oN NoLLY, GEO. H. EVANS.

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