US1878791A - Abrading apparatus - Google Patents

Description

p 1932- s. MAGNANO ABRADING APPARATUS Filed Ag. 3, 1928 2 Sheets-Sheet l V lull (my 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Sept. 20, 1932. s, MAGNANO ABRADING APPARATUS Filed Aug. 3, 1928 i l an Patented Sept. 20, 1932 UNITED STATES PATENT.

FEE

SEBASTIANO MAGN AN 0, OF LAWRENCE, MASSACHUSETTS, ASSIGNOR TO MAG-NANO COR- PORATION, OF LAWRENCE, MASSACHUSETTS, A ,GORPORATIONOF MASSACHUSETTS ABRADING APPARATUS Application filed August 3, 1928. Serial No. 297,332.

This invention pertains to abrading apparatus and more particularly to portable means for honing razors, surgical instru ments, and other blades having fine edges; To produce a thin and keen edge on a razor blade or the like, resort is usually had to hand honing, but this is an operation requiring considerable skill and is slow and laborious, particularly if the blade is very dull or has nicks in its edge which must be eradicated. Even at best the hand honing operation seldom produces uniform results since the tendency in hand honing is to apply less pressure at the outer end of the blade than at the heel portion, while the amount of pressure applied varies with the individual operator and with his degree of fatigue. By reason of the tiresome character of this operation many good razors, especially those having unusually hard blades, are prematurely discarded because it appears substantially impossible to hone them to a good edgeby the usual method, although they may be capable of taking such an edge if honed with sufiicient thoroughness.

In accordance with the present invention, I provide an apparatus of readily portable type,of simple construction, which may be built at comparatively low cost,which is preferably power driven as by means of an electric motor,and comprising means for removably supporting a hone, strop, or the like,for securely gripping the razor blade by its tang and for holding the blade at the proper angle while relatively reciprocating the hone and blade, and for turning the blade after each stroke whereby alternately to present opposite faces of the blade to the hone. The invent-ion preferably provides means for adjusting the position of the hone and for varying the pressure between the blade and hone whereby to adapt the apparatus for any usual condition.

This novel apparatus, working automatically, applies the blade to the hone with a predetermined pressure and such pressure may be made uniform throughout the length of the blade or may be made greater at one end than at the other, if desired; it operates without attention from the beginning to the end of the honing so that the operator is free changed for bones of a diflerent degree of V hardness or fineness in accordance with the type of blade orthe amount of honing necessary. Being'portable and of small dimen-' sions the apparatus may readily be set up in aconvenient location in a barber shop or other establishment, it beingsimply necessary'to connect the motor to a source of electric current whereupon the apparatus is ready for use.

In the accompanying drawings I have illustrated one desirable embodiment of the invention by Way of example, and in the drawings 1 Fig. 1 is a planview of the machine showing arazor mounted therein in position for honing and showing someportions of the mechanism in dotted lines:

Fig. 2 is a vertical section, substantially on the line 2-2 of Fig. 1 with certain parts broken away;

Fig. 3 is a fragmentary rear view of the reciprocating carriage showing the driving pin in vertical section;

Fig. 4: is a fragmentary plan view of the right-hand end of the drive chain, as viewed in Fig. 1, showing a portion of the reciproeating carriage at the right-hand end of its stroke, the carriage and a portion of the retaininglatch being shown in horizontal section; I

Fig. 5 is a fragmentary verticalsection on the line 55 of Fig. 1 but to larger scale;

Fig. 6 is a section on the line 66 of Fig.

1 showing certain details of the blade holder;

and 1 Fig. 7 is a fragmentary end elevation .of

the'reciprocating carriage with certain parts thereof in section on the line 77 of Fig. L

Referring to thev drawings, the supporting frame of the machine preferably comprises the hollow box-like base 1 which may conveniently be made by casting and which supports a removable cover 2, the latter normally being secured to the base by means of screws 3 or other suitable fasteners. The forward portion of the cover 2 is provided with an elongate open slot 4: for a purpose hereinafter described, while the rear part of the cover supports an electric motor 5 (Fig. 1) disposed below the cover and within the base 1.

A flexible conductor 6 leads to the motor through an opening in the cover, or in the base if preferred. Thecoveralso supports a switch device 7 which mayif desired include a variable resistance or rheostat whereby to change the speed of the motor. This switch is controlled by means of a'handle 8 passing out through a slot in the side wall of the base.

Speed reduction gearing,:1ndicated at 9, transmits motion from the motor shaft to a shaft 10 having a pinion which engageswith a gear 11 fixed to a drive shaft 12 journaled in a bearing 'bracket13 =(Fig. 1) supportedby a depending web 14 preferably integral with the cover 2. The web also supports :a bearingboss 15 carrying a stub shaft '16 disposed near the opposite side of the base from the front of the machine, and these brackets support a pair of fixed guide rods 22 and 23,

preferably disposed in the same vertical plane. A reciprocating carriage 24: is arranged to slide on the rods22 and 23. The rear face (Fig. 3) of this carriage is provided with a vertical slot 25 which may conveniently be formed "by attaching spaced blocks 26 and 27 to the rear face of the carriage proper. These blocks are prefera'blyof wear-resistant material, such as steel,

and have their adjacent edges spaced apart to provide the slot 25, such edges preferably being smoothly finished.

A plate 28 is securely attached to the chain 19 and this plate is provided with a forwardly projecting pin 29 which engages the slot 25 in the carriage. "Thus as the chain moves it imparts a reciprocating movement to the carriage.

A rack bar 30 is mounted in the carriage, preferably in giiideways formedin "the blocks 26 and 27 This rack bar is arranged to slide relatively to the carriage in a path parallelto the path of movement of the carriage, and is provided with rack teeth 31 on its upper face engaging a pinion '32 mounted on a stub shaft33 supported by 'thecarriage The pinion 32 meshes with a second pinion 35 mounted on a stub shaft 36 carried by an arm 34: projecting upwardly from the carriage through the slot 4L in the cover 2. A blade holding arm 37 is rigidly secured, as by means of screws 38, to the pinion 35 so that the arm partakes of the movement of the pinion.

The arm 37 is provided, adjacent to its free extremity,with a bracket 38 in which a shaft 39-is journa'led. "This shaft supports a blade holder 40 (Fig. '6) comprising spaced-arms 41 and 42 adapted to receive the tang 43 of a razor blade B between them. A clamping screw A l passes through a threaded opening in the arm tlfor securely clamping the tang i3 against the arm 42. The holder 10 with the blade mountedtherein is free to rock to a limited extent about the axis of the shaft 39, such rocking movement :being limited by oppositely extending fingers 45 and 16 on the r holder adapted to engage a portion ofthe arm 37.

Preferably I provide an extension member A7 at theend of the arm 37 ,such extension member carrying an adjustable weight4=8 whioh may be fixed'in position by means ofa set screw or otherwise, such weight serving :to determine the pressure of the blade against the hone .as hereinafter more fully described. The rack bar '30 is provided near each end with a retaining element, such elements being here shown as notches 19 .and respectively. The ends of the bar are beveled as indicated at 51 and '52 to provide latch-lifting surfaces.

At the left-hand side of the machine, as viewed in Fig. 2, is arranged a latch 53 which is free to swing about a stub shaft 54 carried by the cover, such latch having a forwardly projecting latch pin 55 and a weighted lower portion provided with a cam surface 56. This cam surface lies in the path of .a latch disengaging pin 57 projecting rearwa-rdly from the plate 28 on the chain 1 9.

At the right-hand side of the machine I provide a secondlatch 58-sw-inging freely on a stub shaft 59 carried by-the cover, such latch comprising a latch pin 60- and having a weighted lower portion provided with a cam face 61, also lying in the path of the pin 57.

On the upper surface of the cover I provide brackets 62' and 63 which may be integral with the cover, or separate therefrom as desired, the bracket 62 having a pair of spaced upstanding arms 64 and the bracket 63 having a similar pair of upstanding arms 65. The arms of each pair are spaced'to provide a vertical slot, such slots receiving pintle members 66 and 67 respectively projecting from the opposite ends of a hone .carrier 68. 'This hone carrier is preferably of shallow box-like form having side walls 69 adapted toposition and retain the hone 7 O. This hone may be of any desired material and may readily be lifted out of the hone carrier for replacement or interchange with bones or stropping elements of different 'degrees of hardness or fineness. Preferably the pintle members 66 and 67 are disposed slightly to one side of the traverse center line of the hone carrier so that the carrier tends to tip to one side about the axis defined by the pintle members.

Preferably the pintle members 66 and 67 are supported by means of adjustable screws 71 and 72 respectively passing upwardly through screw-threaded openings in the brackets 62 and 63. In order to retain these screws in adjusted position each'screw may be provided with a coiled spring 73 or other suitable means. Preferably a screw 7 5 engaging a threaded opening in a part of the cover projects up beneath the bone carrier at one side of the axis defined by the pintles, whereby to limit the movement of the hone carrier in one direction at least about its axis.

In using the device the selected hone is placed in the hone carrier, the latter being mounted upon the adjusted screws 71 and 7 2, which are so adjusted as to make the axis defined by the pintles substantially horizontal. The tang 43 of the razor is now securely clamped in the blade holder by means of the screw 44, with the blade B of the razor overlying the upper surface of the hone, and with the hande H of the razor projecting outwardly so as not to interfere with the operation of the machine.

F the carriage so that the edge of the blade makes an acute angle with the direction of movement of the blade in the hone, thus following the usual and accepted practice in hand honing.

During this movement of the carriage toward the right the rack bar moves with the carriage, the weight'of the razor and of the arm 37 tending to turn the pinions and 32 in such a direction as to advance the rack bar 1n the direction of movement of the carriage,

weight of the blade and the part by the adjustable weight 48. By reason such advancing movement of the rack bar being limited by engagement of the razor blade with the hone. The pressure of the blade upon the hone is determined in part by the arm 37 and in of the freedom of motion of theblade holder about the axis of the shaft 39 and by reason of the freedom of the hone carrier to swing about the axis defined byits pintle pins, the

razor blade is held very gently against the hone and yet with a substantially uniform pressure throughout the length of the edge of the blade. As'the carriage nears the right-hand end $70. of its stroke the latch-lifting face 52 of the rack bar rides beneath the latch pin 60, lifting the latter and permitting it to drop into the retaining notch'50. Further movement of the rack bar in a right-hand direction is now prevented by the latch pin 60 and as the carriage continues its stroke in the right-hand direction the engagement of the relatively stationary rack bar with the pinion 32 causes, M the latter to turn, thereby swinging the pin- E30 ion 35 with the arm 37 in a counterclockwise direction, as viewed in Fig. 2, until at the end of the stroke of the carriage the arm 37 has passed through an angle of substantially 180. During this swinging of the arm the C35 blade carrier is lifted'bodily from the hone, but at the end of this swinging movement of the arm 37, the blade B rests upon the hone but with its opposite side in engagement W therewith and makes the same acute angle to the path of movement of the carriage as on its first stroke. Just at the completion of the swinging movement of the arm 37, the pin 57 engages the cam surface 61 of the latch 58 g thereby lifting the latch pin 60 from the notch 50 so that the rack bar is free to resume its movement with the carriage. The parts now retain this relative position until the carriage nears the left-hand end of its stroke, whereupon the face 51 of the rack bar lifts L the latch pin 55 permitting the pin-todrop into the notch 49 thus again arresting the rack bar so that as the carriage completes its stroke the pinions 32 and 35 are turned, thus H rocking the arm 37 back to its original position. At the end of this movement the pin 57 engages the cam sur'face 56, thus releasing the pin 55 from the notch 49 so that the parts are restored to the first position ready for the carriage to begin its next stroke to the right.

The apparatus thus continues to operate,

presenting first one side and then the other of the blade to the surface of the hone, and

as'the strokes are of uniform length and the edge of the blade is presented at the same angle to the hone throughout its travel in each direction, and as the pressure upon the blade is uniform and constant, it is possible to obtain results with this apparatus far superior to any which can be obtainedv by 2512C hand honing. A 7

As above described the hone carrier is preferably overbalanced to one side, preferably that side nearest the carriage since as thus arranged a more uniform pressure is ob- 3125 tained lengthwise of the blade than with a carrier equally heavy at opposite sides of its axis. However, this arrangement is not essential and under some circumstances it may be preferred to make the carrier heavier 1 9 :at its rear -e'd ge-;or-to make it of uniform weight at opposite .sides. iBy relative -adustmentof-the supporting screws 71- and .7 2 the axis of the hone carrier may be-arranged (E'illatamangle to-the path of=travelof=the car- .riage in which event one face ofthe blade will be pressed against the hone more than the other, and by raising the adjusting screw 7 4; to. a suflicient-height the hone carrier may jm'ibe positively held in a given position so that it can no'longer tilt freely. Thus if it be desired. tohone the forward or outer end ofthe -razor -blade-more than the heel end, the hone carriermay be so adjusted, and-I contemplate )IBIthat asimilar adjusting'screw -may be ar- .ranged for engagement with the forward part of the hone carrier so as to obtain the reverse effect in'honing the heel portion of the blade excessively.

220 While I have herein shown and described one desirable embodiment of the invention by way of eXample,-Iwish it to'be understood that various changes in details, including the substitution of equivalents,rearrangement of 585 parts, and Variation in proportion of parts .may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention.

I claim: 7 I 1. Apparatusof the'class described com-' 510 prising a portable casing, aniel'ectric motor mounted within the-casing, a hone carrier mounted on the outside of the casing, a reciprocating carriage, clamping means mounted on the carriageengageablei with the tang of "281a razor blade ,for holding the blade at. an ,acuteangle to the path of movement of the carriage while the blade is being honed, and ,means-actuable-by the motor for reciprocating said clamping means and for turningit Eifllat the end of each reciprocation whereby alternately to present opposite sides of the razor blade to a hone mounted on the hone carrier.

2. Apparatus of the class described com- F148 prising a hone carrier, a-honemounted therein, a reciprocating carriage and means .for reciprocating it, an oscillatory arm mounted on the carriage,.a\blade holdercarriedby the .arm, a pinion on the carriage for actuating 210, the arm, arack bar mounted to slide inguides on the carriage, said rack bar engaging the pinion and normally moving with the carriage, and latch means engageable with the rack bar as the carriage nears either end of 555 its stroke, said latch means stopping and holding the rack bar while the carriage completes its stroke, thereby turning the pinion and swinging the arm. 3. Apparatus-of the class described com- -1 prising a hone carrier, a hone mounted therein a reciprocating carriage and means for actuating it, an oscillatoryarmmounted on the carriage, a pinion fixed :on' the arm, a second pinion meshing with the first pinion, a asliding rack bar mount-ed upon the carriage riage nears the end of itsstroke in either direction, said latch means stopping the rack bar before-the carriage completes its movex ment,thereby causing the oscillating armito swing in a directionoppositeto the movement of the carriage. i

4. Apparatus of the class described comprising a hone carrier,ahone'mounted therein a reciprocatingcarriage'and means for actuating it, an oscillatory arm mounted on the carriage, a slidablebarmountedon the carriage, {said bar having a retaining elementnear each end, a latch adj acenttoeach end of the path of travel of the carriage, said latches being arranged respectively to engage the retaining-element at'the adjacent end of the bar as the carriage nears the end of its stroke and toholdthe bar stationary as the carriage completes its stroke, means for translatingthe relative movement of the carriage and bar into oscillatory movement of the arm, and means for disengagingthe latch from the bar as-the carriage starts "on its reverse stroke. l i

5. Apparatus of the class described comprising a hone carrier, a hone mounted therein a reciprocalcarriage andmeans :for actuating it,- an oscillatory arm mounted on the carriage, a slidable rack barimounted on the carriage,-said barhaving a notch near each end, gearing connecting the rack bar and the arm, alatch adjacent to each end of, the path of travel of the carriage, said latches being arranged respectively to engage the completes its stroke in either direction, whereby the arm is oscillated by the relative movement of the carriage and bar, andmeans operable by the carriageactuating means for releasing the latch from the notch as the carriage starts on its reverse stroke.

6. Apparatus of the class described comprising'a hone carrier, a hone mounted therein, a frame, a reciprocable carriage supported "thereby, an endless drive chain for reciprocating the carriage, an oscillatory arm mounted on the carriage, a sliding rack bar inotc'hesat the adjacent ends of the rackbar and to hold the bar stationary as the carriage llO carriage starts on its reverse stroke, and means for continuously driving the chain.

7. Apparatus of the class described com prising a reciprocating carriage, means for reciprocating the carriage, an oscillatory arm mounted on the carriage, means on the arm for holding a blade with its edge at an acute angle to the path of the carriage, means for supporting a hone in position for the blade to rest thereon as the carriage reciprocates, means for swinging the arm as the carriage nears the end of its stroke in either. direction, an extension member at the end of the arm, and a weight adjustable along said extension member whereby to vary the pres sure of the blade against the hone.

8. Apparatus of the class described comprising a reciprocating carriage provided with a vertical slot, an endless chain having a pin engaging said slot, a motor for driving the chain, an oscillatory arm on the carriage, a blade holder on the arm, means for supporting a hone in position for the blade to rest thereon as the carriage reciprocates, a rack bar slidable in the carriage, means on the carriage engaging the rack bar for actuating the oscillatory arm, the rack bar having notches adjacent to its opposite ends, a weighted latch adjacent to each end of the path of travel of the carriage, each latch being arranged to engage one of the notches in the rack bar as the carriage nears the end of its stroke whereby to cause the oscillating arm to swing as the carriage completes its stroke, and a pin on the chain arranged to release the latch from the bar as the carriage starts on its return stroke.

9. Apparatus of the class described comrisin a hone carrier an arm mounted there in a reciprocable carriage, means for reciprocating the carriage, a rotary pinion mounted on the carriage, a blade holder actuated by the pinion, said blade holder moving bodily in an arcuate path, a rack bar slidably mounted in the carriage and engaging the pinion, means for temporarily stopping the rack bar as the carriage nears the end of its travel in one direction whereby upon further movement of the carriage the stationary rack bar causes a part rotation of the pinion, and means for releasing the rack bar to permit it to resume its movement with the carriage as the latter starts in the opposite direction.

10. Apparatus of the class described comprising a portable casing, an electric motor mounted within the casing, a hone carrier, independently adjustable pivotal supports for the opposite ends of the hone carrier, a reciprocating carriage, clamping means mounted on the carriage engageable with a tang of a razor blade for holding the blade at an acute angle to the path of movement of the carriage While the blade is being honed, and

means actuable by the motor for reciprocating said clamping means andfor turning it at the end of each reciprocation whereby alternately to present opposite sides of the razor 1 prising a portable casing, an electric motor mounted Within the casing, a hone carrier mounted on the outside of the casing, pivotal means for supporting the hone carrier so disposed and arranged that the latter has a preponderance of weight at one side of its pivotal aXis whereby it tends to tip to oneside, a reciprocating carriage, clamping means mounted on the carriage engageable with the tange of a razor blade for holding the blade at an acute angle to the path of movement of the carriage while the blade is being honed, and means actuable by the motor for reciprocating said clamping means and for turning its it at the end of each reciprocation whereby al-

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