US1869192A - Aerial for use in wireless signaling - Google Patents

Aerial for use in wireless signaling Download PDF

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Publication number
US1869192A
US1869192A US719486A US71948624A US1869192A US 1869192 A US1869192 A US 1869192A US 719486 A US719486 A US 719486A US 71948624 A US71948624 A US 71948624A US 1869192 A US1869192 A US 1869192A
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United States
Prior art keywords
aerial
antennae
wires
plane
rods
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Expired - Lifetime
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US719486A
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English (en)
Inventor
Franklin Charles Samuel
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RCA Corp
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RCA Corp
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Publication date
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Publication of US1869192A publication Critical patent/US1869192A/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/08—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart the units being spaced along or adjacent to a rectilinear path
    • H01Q21/12—Parallel arrangements of substantially straight elongated conductive units

Definitions

  • This invention relates to improvements in aerials for use in wireless signaling and is particularly applicable for use with short waves.
  • Figure 1 indicates an antennacomprising a pair of aerial systems each system consisting of a plurality of cophasally excited wires or rods.
  • Figure 2 illustrates apparatus for cophasally exciting the wires-or rods of a systern such as shown in Figure 1, and
  • Figure ,3 indicates, in cross section, an antenna such as shown in Figure 1 and a reflector therefor for obtaining unidirectional propagation of electromagnetic waves.
  • British specification No. 128,665 describes a directional system in which an aerial is located at the focus of a parabolic reflector consisting of two or more sets of rods arranged on a parabolic surface, each rod being in tune with the aerial.
  • a parabolic reflector consisting of two or more sets of rods arranged on a parabolic surface, each rod being in tune with the aerial.
  • the wires or rods are connected together at the top and bottom and each rod together with the wires connecting it to the top and bottomof the next rod is in tune with the waves to be used when'in its position in the aerial.
  • the actual length will depend upon the spacing and to some extent upon the number-of vertical rods used.
  • Such an aerial system can be extended indefinitely without appreciably affecting the tune.
  • this system of a length which is several times the wave length of the waves employed very sharp transmission or reception in a horizontal plane is obtained, the directional effect being a function of the length of the system relative to the wave length.
  • I can obtain slliarp directional eflects'in the vertical plane a so.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates such a system.
  • the horizontal wires 0, d, e and f, with their connecting vertical wires as shown are two aerial systems, one, above the other. They are indicated. asbeing supported by the two masts or towers A and B. p
  • Each of the aerial systems 0, d, and e, f, associated, are in tune in the vertical direction with the wave to be transmitted or received.
  • the two systems are coupled together electrostatically through the small condensers is shown between the horizontal wiresd and e.
  • the capacity between. the wires d and e is usually sufficient as a coupling condenser.
  • Such an aerial system is capableof extension in the vertical and horizontal directions without afiectingiappreciably the natural tune ofthe aerial. If fed correctly from a transmitter the currents in all the vertical members of theaerial will all be in the same phase, and the aerial will radiate two beams in opposite directions, and at right angles to the plane of the aerial.
  • the concentration of the radiation is a simple function of the dimensions of the aerial both vertically and horizontally.
  • the aerial may bese parated intounits, as, for instance, by introducing breaks into the horizontal wires; or'resistancesm, Figure 1, inserted in the horizontal members will suppress any such oscillations.
  • A, B, C and D are equally spaced feeding points which are connected each through a condenser and the secondary of a transformer to earth or a balancing capacity.
  • the primaries of the transformers a, Z), 0 and (Z, are each connected to a cable; Separate cables of equal length, orequivalent length electrically may be used, or they may be. connected as shown in Figure 2 so that the length from any transformer to the generator isthe same. It is necessary for efficient working that no reflection of the oscillations transmitted through the cable by the generator should take place at the feeding points. This can be attained by arranging the ratio of the transformers so that the effective resistance of each portion of the aerial fed by the transformer as applied to the cable is equal tothe critical resistance required at the cable terminals to prevent reflection. Under these conditions, no reflections will take place, and no stationary wave'effects will be produced in the cables.
  • the unlettered apparatus illustrates sim- 1lar apparatus one-quarter wave length or an odd multiple of a quarter wave length apart from the aerial. If one is used as a transmitter the other functions as a reflector and unidirectional transmission or re ception with any desired degree of concentration is obtained. in this combination the transmitting aerial may if desired be smaller in height than the reflecting aerial. As the reflecting aerial does not require any power feeding arrangements it may easily be eX- tended vertically several wave lengths and great concentration in the vertical direction may thus be obtained.
  • One possible ar 'ran'gement is a transmitting aerial of low height compared with the wave length. in combination with a reflector high compared with the wave length arranged in the form of a cylindrical parabola with its focal line horizontal and coincident with the transmitting aerial. V a
  • An aerial of 10 square wave lengths will give 100 times the energy in the required direction, and would receive from that direction 100 times the energy received by an ordinary aerial.
  • the combination at boththe transmitting and the receiving station of aerials of 10 square wave lengths provided with reflectors will give 10,000 times the energy' obtained with ordinary aerials. If the aerials are one wave length high and ten wave lengths wide practically no energy will be radiated or received outside an angle of 5 to 7 from the direction joining the station.
  • An aerial for directional wireless telegraphy and telephony comprising a number of vertical rods or wires, the rods or wires being connected together by horizontal wires, said wires and rods forming a radiating surface, a'source of oscillations, and means for supplying oscillations to the rods or wires, simultaneously and in the same phase so that all of the wires of the aerial oscillate in phase, at a number of points equi-distant from said source.
  • An aerial for directional wireless telegraphy and telephony having a radiating surface made of a number of units assembled above one another and coupled together, said units lying in a single plane, and each unit comprising a number of vertical rods or wires connected together by spaced horizontal wires, substantially as described.
  • An aerial for directional wireless telegraphy and telephony made of a number of i units assembled above one another and capacitively coupled together, each unit comprising a number of vertical rods or wires connected together by horizontal wires, a second aerial arranged parallel to said first mentioned aerial, said first mentioned aerial acting as a transmitting unit and said other aerial acting as a reflecting unit for the purpose of obtaining unidirectional working.
  • an aerial for directional wireless telegraphy and telephony comprising a number of vertical rods or wires arranged in a single plane, means for capaci tively connecting the rods or wires together, with a similar aerial in a parallel plane at least equal in size to said first mentioned aerial and cooperatively shielded therewith, one of said aerials being a transmitting aerial and said other aerial being a reflecting aerial.
  • An aerial for directional wireless telegraphy and telephony comprising a number of vertical rods or wires connected together by spaced horizontal wires combined with means for supplying oscillations to the aerial simultaneously in the same phase at a number of points equidistant from said last mentioned means, each of said rods together with its associated horizontal wires being in tune with said supply oscillations and a reflecting aerial associated with said first mentioned aerial.
  • An aerial for directional wireless telegraphy andtelephony made of a number of prising a number of Vertical rods or wires connected together by spaced horizontal Wires, and a similar aerial associated with said first mentioned aerial.
  • An antenna comprising apair of systerns spaced apart an odd number of quarter Wave lengths each system comprising a pair of groups of parallel straight wires, the Wires of pairs of groups being ca-pacitively coupled together, and means for-exciting all of the wires of one of the systems substantially cophasally.
  • An antenna system comprisinga wire, a plurality of radiating rods lying in one plane connected thereto, Etl'lOtllGPWlI'B, a-plurality of radiating rods lying in the sa-id same plane connected to "said other wire, and condensers'between said wires.
  • An antenna system comprising awire, a-plurality of parallel radiating rods lying in one planearranged perpendicularfito "and connected to said Wire; another wire, a-p1u rality of parallel rods lying in thesaid' same plane arranged perpendicular to and connected to said other wire, condensers between the Wires and means for exciting the ro'ds cophasally.
  • tem a plurality of aerials arrangedintine plane, each of said aerials oscillating at a predetermined phasewith respect to each other so that a bilateral sending characteristic a direction perpendicular tothe plane of-the aerials is obtained, and a reflector unexcited except for the excitation produced by the aerials in a plane parallel to the plane of the aerials for causing said aerials to have a uni lateral directional chracteristic.
  • a transmitting syscharacteristic'in the other of said bilateral directions ina transmitting syscharacteristic'in the other of said bilateral directions.
  • a unidirectional radiating system comprising at least three antennae arranged in substantially the same plane and excited to produce a bilateral radiating characteristic in a direction substantially at right angles to the plane of the antennae and means uncoupled from said antennae for reflecting the waves radiated in one of said bilateral directions by each of the antenna to produce a unidirectional characteristic in the other of said bilateral directions.
  • a unidirectional radiatingsystem comprising at least three antennae arranged in one plane and excited so that a bilateral radiating characteristic in a direction substantially at right angles to the plane of the antennae is obtained, and a reflector uncoupled from said antennae in a plane parallel to the plane of the antennae for reflecting waves radiated in one direction by the antennae in such a manner that the entire system comprising the antennae and reflector has a unidirectional radiating characteristic in a direction away from the plane of the antenna on the side opposite the reflector.
  • a plurality of radiating antennae arranged in a single plane and excited so that radiation therefrom is pre dominantly bidirectional and substantially perpendicular to the plane of the antennae; and a reflector, comprising a plurality of tuned antennae arranged ina planeparallel to the plane of the radiating antennae, uncoupled therefrom, and unenergized except for the energization caused by radiated energy from the radiating antennae, for making radiation from the radiating antennae unidirectional.
  • the combination with an antenna arrangement comprising at least three antennae positioned in an approximately straight lineand at equal distances from one another; of a reflecting screen built up of electrical conductors and arranged at one side ofthe said antenna arrangement and in parallel to the row of main antennae; only the antenna arrangement'of said combination be ing supplied with high frequency energy.
  • a main antenna arrangement comprising at least three antennae tuned to a' given frequency and positioned'in an approximately straight line and at equal distances from one another; of a'reflecting screen built up of a plurality of antennae tuned to the same frequency and arranged at one side of the said plurality of suspended conductors with reactors in series arranged in parallel to therow of main antennae, the said conductors with the said reactors being tuned to the same frequency; and, high frequency apparatus connected to the said antenna arrangement.
  • the combination with an antenna arrangement for bilateral directional emission and reception of waves comprising at least three substantially perpendicular antennae disposed in an approximately straight line and being tuned to a given frequency; of a reflecting screen built up of a plurality of substantially perpendicular conductors arranged at one side of said antenna arrangement and substantially parallel thereto; said screen corresponding an appreciable fraction of or-greater than a Wave length of the wave corresponding to the natural frequencyof the antennae ofthe main antenna arrangementgand of high frequency apparatus connected to the said antenna arrangement.
  • a a 1 24 In an arrangement for directional radio communication the combination with an antenna arrangement for bilateral directional emission and reception of waves comprising at least three substantially perpendicular antennze tuned to a given frequency and positioned in a substantially straight line and at equal distances from one another; of
  • a reflecting screen built up of a plurality three antennaepositioned in an approximately straight line and at equal distances from one another; of a reflecting screen built up of electrical conductors and arranged at one side of the said antenna arrangement and in parallel to the row ofniain antennae; and, high frequency apparatus'connected to the said antenna arrangement.
  • H r V 26 In an arrangement for directional radio communication the combination with a main antenna arrangement comprising at least three antennae tuned to a given frequency and positioned in an approximately straight line and at equal distances from one another; of a reflecting screen built up of a plurality of antennae tuned to the same frequency and arranged at one side of the said antenna arrangement and in parallel to the row of main antennae; and high frequency apparatus connected to the said main antenna arrangement.
  • an antenna arrangement comprising at least three antennae positioned in an approximately straight line and at equal distances from one another; of a reflecting screen built up of electrical conductors and arranged at one side of the said antenna arrangement and in parallel to the row of main antennae; and, high frequency transmitting apparatus connected to the said antenna arrangement.
  • a main antenna arrangement comprising at least three antennae tuned to a given frequency and positioned in an approximately straight line and at equal distances from one another; of a reflecting screen built up of a plurality of antennae tuned to the same frequency and arranged at one side of the said antenna arrangement and in parallel to the row of main antennae; and high frequency transmitting apparatus connected to the said main antenna arrangement.

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  • Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)
US719486A 1923-06-21 1924-06-12 Aerial for use in wireless signaling Expired - Lifetime US1869192A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB16179/23A GB226246A (en) 1923-06-21 1923-06-21 Improvements in aerials for use in wireless signalling
GB2248423 1923-09-06

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US1869192A true US1869192A (en) 1932-07-26

Family

ID=26251871

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US719486A Expired - Lifetime US1869192A (en) 1923-06-21 1924-06-12 Aerial for use in wireless signaling

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US1869192A (de)
DE (1) DE420568C (de)
GB (1) GB226246A (de)
NL (1) NL18915C (de)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2429653A (en) * 1940-03-01 1947-10-28 Int Standard Electric Corp Antenna mounting system

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2429653A (en) * 1940-03-01 1947-10-28 Int Standard Electric Corp Antenna mounting system

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE420568C (de) 1925-10-29
GB226246A (en) 1924-12-22
NL18915C (de)

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