US1868355A - Manifold construction - Google Patents

Description

July 19, 1932. M. J. GOLDBERG MANIFCLD CONSTRUCTION Filed Nov. 30, 1928 INVENTOR Maw/s1 G04 0556:; BY Q4 ATTORNEY Patented July 19, 1932 UNITED STATES MoRIt smooLnBERG, or BELOI'1,.WISCONS IN, ASSIGNOR T FAIRBANKS, MORSE & 00.,

= on cHIoAGo, ILLINOIS, A CORPORATION OF ILLINOIS PATENT OFFICE MANIFOLD CONSTRUCTION iglpplication filed November 30, 1928. Serial No. 322,932.

f This invention relates to improvements in manifold construction, and particularly to an improved exhaust manifold construction for use on multi-cylinder, internal combus- 5 tion engines. I

a common manifold chamber.

' The heretofore prevailing exhaust manifold jcon'structionspermit the exhaust gases, from .alloffthe cylinders, to discharge into It has been H '10 found that such a construction is sensitive to the length and arrangement of the exhaust pipe and that'under certain operating conditions, unfavorable and IlIlGCOIlOIIllCLi w engine performance prevails This is espeit; 'cially true, when the older manifold 1s emsingle cylinder engine of the same type and construction. The present'invention has, as a primary obj ective, to improve the efficiency andperformance of multi-cylinder engines in general, and particularly those types of engines employing scavenging air. 7

An objectof the present-invention is to provide an improved manifold construction, embodying means for reducing the effective length of the exhaust pipe on the engine, and thereby improving the economy and operation of the engine. I

A further object of the invention is to provide' an improved manifold construction, in which the exhaust gases are freely led from the engine exhaust ports through passages of the correct shape and area, and thereby improving engine performance; V Astill' further object is to'provide an improved manifold construction which is neat and compact, and readily adaptable to elther portable or stationary engines. 1

? Further objects and advantages will appear from the following detailed desc'riptlon of parts and theaccompanying drawing, in

2% which 'Figyl is an end elevation of a preferred, improved form of exhaust conduit assembly; Fig. 2 is a sectional elevation along the line 22 o'f Fig. 1'. Fig. Sis a sectional elevation'showing a modified form of exhaust manifoldiproper which is interchangeable with the exhaust manifold shown in Fig. 2.

It will be understood that in the preliminary discussion and stated objects, the exhaust conduit structure as a whole is referred to as'the manifold structure. According to present preference this manifold structure, as will appear, includes a receiver having distinct compartments, this receiver being disposed between the engine and the manifold proper.

It will, of course, be understood that the present description of parts and the accompanying illustrations, relate to a single preferred executional embodiment of the present invention, and that substantial changes may be made in the described construction of the parts without departing from the spirit and scope of this invention.

Referring by numerals to the drawing, the exhaust receiving casing or body 10 forms, preferably, an exhaust enclosure, whose section, as indicated in Fig. l, is substantially rectangular. This preferred form is efiective in providing an enclosure, of much more than usual volume, and so constructed as to facilitate expulsion of the exhaust gases therefrom, and to aid in reducing the hitherto prevailing exhaust back-pressure on the en,- gine. The casing 10 is adapted to be attached directly to the cylinders of the engine, and in direct communication with the cylinder exhaust ports through openings 11 formed in the casing. Openings 12 are provided for stud bolts or an equivalent, (not shown) to attach the casing to the cylinders; such stud bolts being internally fastened through openings 13. Cover plates of any suitable form are provided to sealeach of the openings 13 from the atmosphere.

' In the preferred example shown, the improved casing or receiver is applied to a fourcylinder engine, although it will be readily understood that the improved construction may be applied to any type of multi-cylinder engine, regardless of the number of its cylinders. The enclosure forming the receiver casing, is divided or separated into distinct, exhaust receiving compartments 14 by an arrangement of partitions or walls 15, by preference formed integrally with the body 10.

From the drawing it will be seen that the walls are placed, preferably, midway between each pair of exhaust openings 11, thus providing one of the receiving chambers lt for each cylinder, these chambers being of I substantially equalvolume; This improved arrangement confines thev exhaust-gases of each cylinder into a restricted space, which causes the gases to be expelled through openings 16, each of which-is arranged in regis-; tering communication with an opening 17 of the exhaust manifold 18. The gases are then conducted in'the usual manner through the manifold, and are expelled to the atmosphere,

or conducted to any desired silencingapparatus, throughan opening 19. Removal of condensation-or the like-from each chamber- 14, is effected by means ofplugged openings 21. 1 t

, The openings :and passages are so' constructed and Zformedas to aid the flowand free expulsion of thegases to theatmosphere;

By way of; illustration, the exhaustmanifold 18 is formed; with arcuate projections, 20, which serve to direct the gases in their travel, and materially to reduce theusual frictional effects of their flow. In order to equalize V the distance of travel of the exhaust gases,

over the older manifold construction. It

say to the atmosphere, the opening '19 may be formed in substantially the center of the exhaust manifold 18, as shown in the modified construction ofjFig. 3, The two types of ex ,haust manifold, shown respectively in Figs.

willlbe readily seen that the provisionof an intermediate'receiver, and the division 'ofthe receiver. into. 7 separate chambers, materially reduces the efiective length of the conduit structure. Also, each compartment 14, with its attached; cylinder, forms, with respecti to the exhaust, aplurality'of single cylinder operating units, and the pressure fluctuations-of each exhaustare not directly communicated,

tothe other cylinders or'exhaust ports of the egine. Therefore, it is found that the improved construction aids .in producing a power effect which is fairly proportional to that of a single cylinder engine. In crankcase scavenging engines,- it is noted thatithe j performanceof the engine is very sensitive tothe length of exhaust piping, and as this improved arrangement reduces this effective length, .theengine operates more economical ly andsatisfactorilyh H p 4 I-The improved assembly forms a neat and installed on marine or stationary engines, and

which may be provided initially, or easily added as an accessory, at any time.

I claim as my invention:

V 1. In an exhaust assembly for multncylin the several cylinders, said chambers provid ing for free expansion'and-through gas pas sage, and means, connected to the casing, for

conducting therefrom, the gases of each cylinder, in separate passages;

' 2fIn an exhaust assembly for multi-cylinder, internal combustion engines, a casing of integral construction having a pluralityfof separate chambers therein, each chamber providing for free expansionand dischargeof exhaust gases, and having openings in spaced wall portions, one of such openings being directly connected with a cylinder exhaust port ofv the engine, andan exhaust pipe having branches each forming an outlet connection to a separate opening of each-of the several chambers of said casing. 1 I V I I 3. An exhaust assembly for multiscylinder engines comprising a one-piece casinghaving a connectionwith each of the power cylinders and -.forming individual exhaust-receiving chambers of open interior construction, each chamber provided with a separate discharge port having unobstructed ,fluid connection with its chamber, and means. connected to each of said portsproviding a separate path for the gases therefrom. V r i 4;. In anexhaust receiver for use with multi-cylinder engines, expansion compartments of open interior construction, formed within said recelver, and eachprovided with spaced inlet and discharge openings,said compartments arranged to receive and discharge freely and separately, gases of eachcylinder, and a manifold in detachable engagement with said receiver, comprising means to permit free removal of the exhaust gases. j v V -5. In jan exhaust assembly, for multi-cylinder engines, an exhaust manifold providing a separate exhaust passage for each of thecylinders, a receiver having discharge openings detachably connected to said manifold, and having inlet openings each connected to one of the cylinder exhaust ports, and means forming in said receiver, a distinct exhaust-receiving expansion chamber; for the exhaust of each cylinder, said chambers "being of open interior construction and having direct, free fluid connection to the engine cylinders and manifold.

6. An exhaust assembly formulti-cylinder engines, comprising a one-piece hollow cast.-

iing forming a receiver having direct exhaust connection with each of the power cylinders, compact unit, which 1s easily assembled and partitions in, said receiver having. a trend 30. section, means forming inlet and outlet open- 85 and outlet openings, and a drain opening for forming a separate chamber for exhaust gases from each cylinder, the chambers being of unobstructed interior construction, and means forming a continuation of the paths for con- 5 ducting the gases of each cylinder from said receiver.

7. An exhaust assembly for multi-cylinder engines, comprising a one-piece casing having exhaust connections with each of the power 10 cylinders, means forming in the casing, substantially enlarged receiving chambers of rectangular section, and entirely open interior construction, having unobstructed outlet ports, there being one of such chambers 15 for each cylinder of the engine, and means constituting a plurality of separate, open exhaust passages connected directly to the outlet ports, for conducting therefrom the exhaust gases of each cylinder.

20 8. In an exhaust assembly for multi-cylinder engines, the combination with an exhaust manifold having a branch for each of the engine power cylinders, of a one-piece exhaust receiving casing connected between 2 the cylinder exhaust ports and the exhaust manifold, imperforate partitions in said receiver casing, dividing it into individual cylinder-exhaust receiving and expansion compartments of substantially rectangular crossings in each compartment, the openings being disposed at substantially a right angle to each other, and forming an access port for each compartment independent of the inlet each compartment; and a closure member for each of the drain openings and access ports.

MORRIS J. GOLDBERG.

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