US1864116A - Production of papers for security purposes - Google Patents
Production of papers for security purposes Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US1864116A US1864116A US566806A US56680631A US1864116A US 1864116 A US1864116 A US 1864116A US 566806 A US566806 A US 566806A US 56680631 A US56680631 A US 56680631A US 1864116 A US1864116 A US 1864116A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- paper
- security
- acids
- acid
- papers
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 27
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 14
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical class [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical class OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 6
- LNTHITQWFMADLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N gallic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C1 LNTHITQWFMADLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 5
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical group C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000007844 bleaching agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 235000004515 gallic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229940074391 gallic acid Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 239000000976 ink Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 3
- -1 acetate of iron Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004061 bleaching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002633 protecting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- LNETULKMXZVUST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-naphthoic acid Chemical class C1=CC=C2C(C(=O)O)=CC=CC2=C1 LNETULKMXZVUST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- GRWZHXKQBITJKP-UHFFFAOYSA-L dithionite(2-) Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)S([O-])=O GRWZHXKQBITJKP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- SLGWESQGEUXWJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N formaldehyde;phenol Chemical compound O=C.OC1=CC=CC=C1 SLGWESQGEUXWJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000001727 glucose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000002304 glucoses Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- GPRLSGONYQIRFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydron Chemical compound [H+] GPRLSGONYQIRFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WQYVRQLZKVEZGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hypochlorite Chemical class Cl[O-] WQYVRQLZKVEZGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- DCYOBGZUOMKFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(2+);iron(3+);octadecacyanide Chemical compound [Fe+2].[Fe+2].[Fe+2].[Fe+3].[Fe+3].[Fe+3].[Fe+3].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-] DCYOBGZUOMKFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009896 oxidative bleaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- NDLPOXTZKUMGOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoferriooxy)iron hydrate Chemical class O.O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O NDLPOXTZKUMGOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- JMTCDHVHZSGGJA-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium hydrogenoxalate Chemical compound [K+].OC(=O)C([O-])=O JMTCDHVHZSGGJA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- WQGWDDDVZFFDIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrogallol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC(O)=C1O WQGWDDDVZFFDIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001235 sensitizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H21/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties
- D21H21/14—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties characterised by function or properties in or on the paper
- D21H21/40—Agents facilitating proof of genuineness or preventing fraudulent alteration, e.g. for security paper
- D21H21/44—Latent security elements, i.e. detectable or becoming apparent only by use of special verification or tampering devices or methods
- D21H21/46—Elements suited for chemical verification or impeding chemical tampering, e.g. by use of eradicators
Definitions
- VIKTOR BAUSCH OF BERLIN, AND ADOLF SCHROTH, OF MECKLENBURG-SGHWERIN, GERMANY, ASSIGNORS TO THE CORPORATION FELIX SGHOELLER & BAUSCH, OF
- the present invention relates to chemically treated paper for use in security documents which are required to resist or to indicate attempt at forgery of the documents by chemical or other action.
- Such reagents may be either of an organic or inorganic character.
- inorganic reagents may be mentioned colorless or but slightly coloredv manganous compounds which are changed to colored manganic compounds or other dioxide compounds by oxidation.
- the colored compounds so formed in se-' curity papers due to the action of oxidizing agents are however easily restored to their colorless condition by reducing agents such as hydrosulfite or bisulfite. This is particularly the case if the oxidizing agent used is not one of the strongly acting hypochlorites but, for example, the less powerfulpotassium permanganate such as is now frequently used in various ink-eradicating preparations.
- benzolor naphthalene-carboxylic acids particularly polyvalent oxybenzoic and oxynaphthoic acids
- the color stain produced in the paper by oxidizing agents is either not removable at all or only with great difliculty by means of reducing agents.
- the dioxyand trioxy-benzoic acids and their derivatives and compounds in particular give color reactions even with weak oxidizing agents, which it is scarcely possible to reverse or bleach out even by the use of the most powerful reducing agents. It is probably the case that the attempt to reduce an'oxidized polyoxybenzoic acid or one of its derivatives whose oxidized product is colored, results only in a condensation giving also a colored product,.perhaps of the type of a phenol-formaldehyde condensate.
- Proposals have been made to use upon security papers either pyrogallic acid or gallic acid, but the object in that case was to make an invisible imprint upon the paper which, upon treatment of this paper with an oxidizing bleaching agent, would become visible in a brown coloring.
- the protection effected by such .a printing with invisible inks on the paper is however of very questionable value because the imprint or deposit is in a thin surface film which can easily be washed off or removed.
- gallic acid or a poly oxybenzoic acid or a derivative of such acid shall exert an eifective protecting action as first described above, it is essential that the reacting substance should be applied not as a thin layer on the surface of the paper as by an imprinting operation, but that it should be thoroughly incorporated into the paper substance, that is to say the paper mass must be completely intermingled with the protective reagent. If this were not done the forger, who usually experiments first with small sections of the document to be falsified in order to detect any protecting medium, could always take steps to remove the imprinted reagent by erasure for example with a rubber eraser.
- a security paper containing polyoxybenzonic acid or the like does not react with acids, it provides an almost complete protection against partial chemical falsification or erasure.
- Such a security paper is much better as a security medium than the so called security papers on the market.
- the protection is not quite complete however against chemical falsification. Besides a reaction giving a color stain with oxidizing agents as used for erasure or bleaching purposes a protection against the use of even weak organic acids is desirable. This is the case because prolonged treatment of the ink writing with dilute oxalic acid or acid salts of oxalic acid for example will remove ink writing.
- the reaction of a good security paper to acids should be so sensitive that even weak organic acids such as citric acid if applied to the paper will produce a readily detectable color stain.
- the sensitizing of the paper to such acids may be eifected in a known manner by treatment of the paper material with oxy-salts of iron and ferrocyanides insoluble in water but soluble in acids, such for example as lead ferrocyanlde.
- the successful application of the present invention is based upon the fortunate discovery that the brown colorattion of the polyoxybenzoic acid or its derivatives does not arise if the hydrogen ion concentration of the surrounding medium (the paper mass in this case) does not exceed a pH value of at the most 4.5 to 5.
- the acid reaction of the polyoxybenzoic acid may be lowered by the addition of alkali down to a pl-l value of about 3.0 without the brown coloration due to the alkali reaction taking place.
- the acid reaction of the paper takes place only if the pH value is reduced'below 3 or thereabouts.
- a paper is prepared treated with ferric oxide salts such as acetate of iron, and then with a suitable ferrocyanide soluble in acids, such as lead ferrocyanide, with the use of a paper material having a pH value kept down to 4.
- ferric oxide salts such as acetate of iron
- ferrocyanide soluble in acids such as lead ferrocyanide
- a security paper containing in the paper mass an oxyacid derivative of a base of the benzene ring type.
- a security paper containing in the paper mass a carboxylic hydrocarbon, the mass having a pH value between 3 and 5 before incorporation of the carboxylic hydrocarbon.
- a security paper the body of which has a pH value between 3 and 5, with which is incorporated a carboxylic hydrocarbon and a reagent color-sensitive to weak acids.
- a security paper and mass-of which has a pH value between 3 and 5, and incorporating a polyoxybenzoic acid compound.
Landscapes
- Paper (AREA)
- Color Printing (AREA)
Description
Patented June 21, 1932 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.
VIKTOR BAUSCH, OF BERLIN, AND ADOLF SCHROTH, OF MECKLENBURG-SGHWERIN, GERMANY, ASSIGNORS TO THE CORPORATION FELIX SGHOELLER & BAUSCH, OF
NE U-KALISS/MEOKLENBURG, GERMANY PRODUCTION OF PAPERS FOR SECURITY PURPOSES No Drawing. Application filed October 3, 1931, Serial No. 566,806, and in Germany October 7, 1930.
The present invention relates to chemically treated paper for use in security documents which are required to resist or to indicate attempt at forgery of the documents by chemical or other action.
It is the principal object of the invention to provide a security paper giving the maximum of security against forgery. Eurther objects will appear from the following specification of the invention. v 7
It is known to provide security papers with reagents sensitiveto oxidizing agents. Such reagents, whose object is to indicate attempts to eradicate or bleach out written characters with the aid of oxidizing agents, may be either of an organic or inorganic character. Among inorganic reagents may be mentioned colorless or but slightly coloredv manganous compounds which are changed to colored manganic compounds or other dioxide compounds by oxidation.
.The colored compounds so formed in se-' curity papers due to the action of oxidizing agents are however easily restored to their colorless condition by reducing agents such as hydrosulfite or bisulfite. This is particularly the case if the oxidizing agent used is not one of the strongly acting hypochlorites but, for example, the less powerfulpotassium permanganate such as is now frequently used in various ink-eradicating preparations.
If however benzolor naphthalene-carboxylic acids, particularly polyvalent oxybenzoic and oxynaphthoic acids, are introduced into the security papers, either alone or in addition to the inorganic reagents which are responsive to oxidizing agents, the color stain produced in the paper by oxidizing agents is either not removable at all or only with great difliculty by means of reducing agents.
The dioxyand trioxy-benzoic acids and their derivatives and compounds in particular give color reactions even with weak oxidizing agents, which it is scarcely possible to reverse or bleach out even by the use of the most powerful reducing agents. It is probably the case that the attempt to reduce an'oxidized polyoxybenzoic acid or one of its derivatives whose oxidized product is colored, results only in a condensation giving also a colored product,.perhaps of the type of a phenol-formaldehyde condensate.
Proposals have been made to use upon security papers either pyrogallic acid or gallic acid, but the object in that case was to make an invisible imprint upon the paper which, upon treatment of this paper with an oxidizing bleaching agent, would become visible in a brown coloring. The protection effected by such .a printing with invisible inks on the paper is however of very questionable value because the imprint or deposit is in a thin surface film which can easily be washed off or removed. In fact the forger generally efi'ects this washing out .of the security imprinting without realizing or intending it, during the preliminary treatment of the document with dilute organic acids or potassium binoxalate solution, which normally precedes any chemical treatment for bleaching out the visible writing, and is provided for in the usual ink-eradicating preparations sold commercially.
In order to insure that gallic acid or a poly oxybenzoic acid or a derivative of such acid shall exert an eifective protecting action as first described above, it is essential that the reacting substance should be applied not as a thin layer on the surface of the paper as by an imprinting operation, but that it should be thoroughly incorporated into the paper substance, that is to say the paper mass must be completely intermingled with the protective reagent. If this were not done the forger, who usually experiments first with small sections of the document to be falsified in order to detect any protecting medium, could always take steps to remove the imprinted reagent by erasure for example with a rubber eraser.
Although a security paper containing polyoxybenzonic acid or the like does not react with acids, it provides an almost complete protection against partial chemical falsification or erasure. Such a security paper is much better as a security medium than the so called security papers on the market.
The protection is not quite complete however against chemical falsification. Besides a reaction giving a color stain with oxidizing agents as used for erasure or bleaching purposes a protection against the use of even weak organic acids is desirable. This is the case because prolonged treatment of the ink writing with dilute oxalic acid or acid salts of oxalic acid for example will remove ink writing. The reaction of a good security paper to acids should be so sensitive that even weak organic acids such as citric acid if applied to the paper will produce a readily detectable color stain. The sensitizing of the paper to such acids may be eifected in a known manner by treatment of the paper material with oxy-salts of iron and ferrocyanides insoluble in water but soluble in acids, such for example as lead ferrocyanlde.
At first it seems quite impossible to render a paper, which is made sensitive to acids as above described, also sensitive to oxides by introducing at the same time for example a polyoxybenzoic acid because this starts the acid reaction of the paper, although only slowly, due to the weakly acid character of the organic acids used. If for example a paper is taken which has been prepared wlth oxy-salts of iron and lead ferrocyanide or other ferrocyanide which is only soluble in acids, this paper will normally turn blue in the presence of weak acids owing to the formation of Berlin blue therein, but unfortunately gallic acid also causes the paper which was at first white to turn blue after a time, so that it then fails to show a change of color when treated with weak acids.
The use of neutral derivatives of the poly oxybenzoic acids, such for example as pentagalloyl glucoses, would avoid the production of theacid reaction in the paper, but in a nearly neutral medium and especially in the slightly alkaline medium when exposed to.
air, the well known brown coloration due to these compounds would appear. This follows because in preparing security papers which are very sensitive to acids, it is preferable to work with neutral or generally weakly alkaline consistency of the paper mass. 7
The successful application of the present invention is based upon the fortunate discovery that the brown colorattion of the polyoxybenzoic acid or its derivatives does not arise if the hydrogen ion concentration of the surrounding medium (the paper mass in this case) does not exceed a pH value of at the most 4.5 to 5. On the other hand, the acid reaction of the polyoxybenzoic acid may be lowered by the addition of alkali down to a pl-l value of about 3.0 without the brown coloration due to the alkali reaction taking place.
The acid reaction of the paper takes place only if the pH value is reduced'below 3 or thereabouts.
The following example will illustrate the manner of applying the invention:
A paper is prepared treated with ferric oxide salts such as acetate of iron, and then with a suitable ferrocyanide soluble in acids, such as lead ferrocyanide, with the use of a paper material having a pH value kept down to 4. A solution of equal parts of pyrogal- 1. A security paper containing in the paper mass a carboxylic hydrocarbon and a reagent sensitive to acids asregards its color.
2. A security paper containing in the paper mass an oxyacid derivative of a base of the benzene ring type.
3. A security paper containing in the paper mass an oxyacid derivative of a base of the napthalene ring type. i
4. A security paper containing in the paper mass a carboxylic hydrocarbon, the mass having a pH value between 3 and 5 before incorporation of the carboxylic hydrocarbon.
5. A security paper the body of which has a pH value between 3 and 5, with which is incorporated a carboxylic hydrocarbon and a reagent color-sensitive to weak acids.
6. A security paper and mass-of which has a pH value between 3 and 5, and incorporating a polyoxybenzoic acid compound.
-7. Process .of making a security paper wherein a paper mass is at first brought to a pH value between 3 and 5 and with which thereafter is incorporated a carboxylic hy-- drocarbon compound.
8. Process of making a security paperwherein a paper mass is at first brought to a pH value between 3 and-5 and with which thereafter is incorporated an oxyacid derivative of a base of the benzene ring type.
9. Process of making asecurity paper wherein a paper mass is at first brought to a pH value between 3 and 5 and with which thereafter is incorporated an oxyacid derivative of a base of the napthalene ring type.
10. Process of making a security paperwherein a paper mass is at first brought to a pH value between 3 and 5 with which thereafter is incorporated a solution of a carboxylic hydrocarbon having a pH value approximating 3.
11. Process of making a security paper wherein'a paper mass is at first brought to a pH value between 3 and 5 with which there-- after is incorporated a solution of an oxyacid derivative of a base of the benzene ring type.
12. Process of making a security paper wherein a paper mass is at first brought to a. pH value between 3 and 5 with which thereafter is incorporated a solution of an oxyacid derivative of a base of the napthalene ring type.
13. Process of making a security papersignatures.
VIKTOR BAUSCH. AD. SGHROTH.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE582530T | 1930-10-08 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US1864116A true US1864116A (en) | 1932-06-21 |
Family
ID=6344578
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US566806A Expired - Lifetime US1864116A (en) | 1930-10-08 | 1931-10-03 | Production of papers for security purposes |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US1864116A (en) |
| AT (1) | AT132051B (en) |
| DE (1) | DE582530C (en) |
| GB (1) | GB378694A (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2622491A (en) * | 1948-10-04 | 1952-12-23 | Patent & Licensing Corp | Process of making multiply waterproofed sheets |
| US3326744A (en) * | 1963-03-01 | 1967-06-20 | Eastman Kodak Co | Stain-free paper sized with starch or gelatin and aromatic organic acids |
| US5123999A (en) * | 1989-08-07 | 1992-06-23 | Aussedat-Rey | Forgery-proof security paper and aqueous or organic composition especially useful for rendering paper forgery-proof |
| US5264081A (en) * | 1989-06-01 | 1993-11-23 | Societe Anonyme: Aussedat-Rey | Forgery-proof safety paper |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NL264698A (en) * | 1960-02-19 |
-
1930
- 1930-10-08 DE DE1930582530D patent/DE582530C/en not_active Expired
-
1931
- 1931-10-03 US US566806A patent/US1864116A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1931-10-05 AT AT132051D patent/AT132051B/en active
- 1931-10-07 GB GB27892/31A patent/GB378694A/en not_active Expired
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2622491A (en) * | 1948-10-04 | 1952-12-23 | Patent & Licensing Corp | Process of making multiply waterproofed sheets |
| US3326744A (en) * | 1963-03-01 | 1967-06-20 | Eastman Kodak Co | Stain-free paper sized with starch or gelatin and aromatic organic acids |
| US5264081A (en) * | 1989-06-01 | 1993-11-23 | Societe Anonyme: Aussedat-Rey | Forgery-proof safety paper |
| US5123999A (en) * | 1989-08-07 | 1992-06-23 | Aussedat-Rey | Forgery-proof security paper and aqueous or organic composition especially useful for rendering paper forgery-proof |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE582530C (en) | 1933-08-16 |
| AT132051B (en) | 1933-02-25 |
| GB378694A (en) | 1932-08-18 |
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