US1833611A - By-pass condenser - Google Patents

Description

J. F. KIRGAN BY-PASS CONDENSER Filed Nov. s, 1925 Nov. 24, 1931.

oooooo woooooo wowoo o o o o o o ooooo K.. liv a. lll u', .ao i 14:9 vaan erally .parallel and at ing through at a Patented Nov. 24, 1931 g`u1SuTED STATES PATENT JOHN F, K'IRGAN, OEPHILLIPSBURG, NEW JERSEY, AssrGNoE To INGERsOLL-RAND OFFICE coMrnNxoEJEEsEY CITY, NEW JERSEY, A CORPORATION OE NEW JERSEY EY-rAss coNpENsER VApplication filed November 3, 1925. Serial No.V 66,465.

This invention densers. j, c n

The capacity .of a surface condenser depends upon the amountof cooling surface which is provided; The surface condenser usually vcomprises a shell'within which are relates to surface concooling tubes with which the steam is adapted to contact. The tubes are arranged genadistance from each other-just suiicient to permit the steam to pass between iat arelatively low velocity, for thefreasonthat the friction lossof pressure 'increases substantially as thesquare of the velocity. Thus,.if the tubes are spaced very closely more cooling surfaces would be provided but the friction loss of thesteam passthe increased velocity in order to` reach the tubes remote from the 'steam inlet wouldV beeXtremelyl high and, although v a high vacuum mightbeobtained at a point remote lt'romL the steam inlet, the friction loss would beso great that the difference in pres- -L`2`5 sure betweenpoints at the steam inlet and the air outlet would beexcessive, This would result in `a'relatively highyabsolute pressure on thevsteam inlet and to va large extentdefeat the purpose of the condenser, which is,

, 1. gb tomaintain a high vvacuum near the discharge of the steam consuming. apparatus. To this end,` hitherto the tubes have been spaced apart so as to permit steam to penetrate `without great increase in velocity fromthe steam mletportion of the condenser casing or 'shell to the tubes most remote from .the inpractical arrangement to accomplish let. this purpose. hasbeen to'spacethe tubes closer y Y ltogether as the pathof the steamapproaches *shell-,1 whichY is vto "sa S46 the'm'ost remote' 'cooling' tubes within 'the steam decreases by ofthe'path decreases"correspondingly with- Thls results in a denser Vshell `produ'ci-ngr relatively high -eiii ciency. ,f A 'disadvantage of this arrangement, however, 4is thatthewide spacing ofthe tubes near thegsteam inletL reduces the available cooling surface for a given sized `condenser shell or' casing enclosing the tubes.

of water conducting (not shown).

yt-hait as the quantity of. condensation they section l It is an object of this invention to increase the amount of condensing surface within a given sized condenser shell and thereby to increase the steam condensing capacity without sacrificing the desired high vacuum at the steam inlet.l

tion will be in part ed out hereinafter.

The drawings illustrate a preferredem# bodiment of the invention and include,

Figure l whichl is a vertical cross-section through a. condenser constructed in accordance with the practice ofthe invention, the section being taken along the line l-lof Figure 2 looking in the direction of the.y arrows, and

obvious and in part point- Other objects and advantagesof the inveny Figure 2. is a longitudinal horizontal seci tion taken along the line 2`2 of Figure l looking in the direction of the arrows.

Referring to the drawings the surface condenser comprises a shell A having a steam inlet B and an outlet C for condensate. In this instance a devaporizer D is provided associated'with the outlet C for-cooling and devaporizing the uncondensiblev gases removed from the condenser by a vacuum pump Within the shell A there are provided a plurality of tubes E arranged transverse to the path of steam flowing into the shell A through the steam inlet B and are preferably symmetrically arranged to form spaces of'substantially equal area between adjacent tubes of a group. The tubes E are arranged in unbroken or solid groups of uniform depth throughout and extend nto points closely adjacent thev walls of the shell A. There are a plurality of groups, in this instance three and each group is in direct communication in the direction of steam flow withy the adjacent groups. The group F is the uppermost group, intermediate the group F and the lower group H close to the outlet C. The tubes E are spaced more closely than would be common practise for steam from the inlet B intended to penetrate to the lowest group of tubes H through each of the other groups F and and the group G lies;

Steam is adapted to flow through Y A `the group F. Steam to be condensed in the *In operation steamf enters group of tubes G is preferably ley-passed about the group Fby means of by-pass passages formed by Walls J parallel to the outer Walls of the shell A, and a second pair of bypass passages which is formed by the lower Walls Ka adj acentthe' groupoftubcs Gr parallel tolthev outer'f Walls of `the shell A to by-pass steam directly from the inlet B to, the lovverr groupV of. tubes... Suitable tube' supports L prevent the steam from.` passingV longitudinally along the tubes E.' Thevvalls J and K prevent steam fromenterf ing the groups of tubes at the sides Which Would tend to retard the flow of steamfrom the topvof the various groups. Y

' v In order to regulatethe amount' ofv steam by-'p'ass'edrabout the various groupsof tubes F and means is' provided including valves @located in thevby-passes and preferablyfad-V jacent `the'upper rovvs oftubes of'eacli group so that when open the valve Will deflectfthe steam directly against the rtube groups. The. valves Oare provided ivithsuitable operating means such as rods P extendingthrough stuff-V ingb'oxes 'Qengagingthe swinging'valves O. The valves@ are setto regulate the amount of steamby-passed Which depends upon the atmospheric conditions and the temperature of 'th'e'fcooling Water inthe tubes E".

p the steam inlet Bofthesl'iell' fh, some ofthe steampassing to the Aupper groupF of tubes'E to'becondense@ thie'eby Midi the remainder' ofthe steambeing ley-passed about-the groupF-'Qf the tubes'E tothe groups and 'HV andthe l amount of steain -bypassed is regulatedl as above described by operating the valves() at the prop'erlevels. I' claim: y c l c I. A surface Vcondenser comprising'a-` shell having' steam=-inlet and an-outlet for.Av condensate yand unconden'sible gases, a plurality of groups of steam condensing tubes arranged" transveiselto the path of said steam flow, means'to selectively by-pass steam about certain groupsof'tubes to another' group of tubes including Walls vtok preventv steam from enteringthe groupsoftubes at the sides and means ffo'r. controlling the amount of steam `lay-passed thereby.

2. A surface condenser having a shellafa steam inlet and an' outlet for condensate and ,uncondensiblegases,` a pluralityof groups of coolingv tubes arranged transverse to the path l of 'steam' flow. by-passesabout certain of saidv vee groups of tubestoconduct steam! directlytoV another grou-p oftubes adjacent thefwallls of saidfshellx and having vWalls to prevent steamv frein entering the' groups of.v tubes at the sides, and means-for controlling the ameunt 'of stea-mrbyepassed thereby.

311A' surface condenser comprising a shell, i afste'am inlet yand anroutlet forlthe' condensate and uncondensible fases, a plurality of groups of closely spaced tubes arranged trans verse to the path of steam flow, and means to by-pass part of said steam from Vthe steam inlet about certain of said groups of'vtubes to another group of tubes including Walls to prevent steam from 'enteringfthe groups of tubes at'the sides.

4. Ai surface condenser comprising a shell having a steam inletzandoutlet forcondensate and uncondensibleY."gases7- a pluur,alityV of groups of cooling tubes arranged in superimposecl'yrelation transversely to the path of steam flow, said tubes being spaced from the vvallvofithe-condenser7 and each group having Walls at the sides of the same to prevent steam from enteringtheftubes at the sidesyballles hinged tothe Walls at thetop of'eacli group of'tubes,'saidvbaffles'being capable of through ing inwardly to'bypasssteam around the groups. j v

5.' A surface condenser comprising-a shell havinga steam inlet and an outlet for conf densate and uncondensible gasesfa plurality of groups of cooling tubes transverse; tothe l off tubes includingY vvjallstorpreventQsteam from enteringA vvthe groups; ofv tubes at the 6.' surface .condenser comprising a shell having a steam inletand an outlet for. condensate and uncondensiblegases, a plurality of groups of' cooling'tubes"transverse the path Lof steam flow, means[normallyv adapted toby-pass steamL about certainf groups of tubes. means to divert steamdirectly fonto another grouprof tubes, 'andvvalls tov prevent steam fromrentering thegroups of'tubes at the sides. Y

7 Arsurface condenser having a steaminlet and an outlet for condensate and uncondensible gases. a vpluralitv l of unbroken groups of cooling tubes anranged in successiveflayersand closely crovvdedlto.- gether Without steam lanes.. the said groups being in direct communication in the directionvof steam. flow With, adjacent groups, and.

means cooperating. Withthejshell; to form-passages for. by-passing f* stearnaboutV certain groups of tubes directl-yfkto,anotherl group,

oftubesf- 8'. vA surface condenser` comprising a shell hav-ing a ,'steaminlet and outlet for conden-A lsate and 'uncondensible gases, a"V plurality `of unbroken groups of Vcoolingtubes larranged transversely'to the path of steam llo'vv,-means cooperating kwith the shell to form passages for ley-passing steam about certainfgroups of tubes, and a plurality ofvalves located at swinging -foutwardly 'to divertsteam the Walls onto the 'tubes or of sWlngto Yley-pass steam aboutce'rtain fr,

comprising a shellV spaced points along the passage for directlocated at spaced points in the passage to deing the by-passedrsteam directly onto each fleet steam to each group of tubes.

group of tubes.

In testimony whereof I have signed this 9. Asurface condenser comprising a shell specification.

having a steam Ainlet and outlet for condensate and uncondensible gases, a plurality of rgroups of cooling tubes arranged transversely tothe path of steam flow, means to selectively by-pass steam about a group of tubes, and means to divert steam onto another of said groups of tubes, there being Walls on the side of the tubes to prevent steam from entering the tubes at the sides.

10. A surface condenser comprising a shell vhaving a steam inlet andoutlet for condensate and uncondensible gases, a plurality of groups of cooling tubes arranged transversey, ly to the path of steam iovv, means to selectively by-pass steam about each group of tubes, and means to divert steam onto each group of tubes.

11. A surface condenser comprising a shell having a steam inlet and outlet for condensate and uncondensible gases, a plurality of groups o-f cooling tubes arranged transversely to the steam flow one'above the other, means to selectively by-pass steam about the top group of tubes, means to divert the same onto the top groupof tubes, means for selectively by-passing steam about the next lower l group of tubes, and means for diverting the "steam onto the next lovver group of tubes.

Y 12. A surface condenser comprising a shell verse to the path -of'steam flow, said groups Yms . y having a steam inlet and outlet for conden- `35.A unbroken groups of lcoollng'tubes arranged satefand uncondensible gas-es, a plurality of transversely to the path `of steam flow, means cooperating with kthe shell to form a passage isolated from the groups for by-passing steam about certain of the groups of tubes, and separate means for directing the by-pas'sed steam onto another group of tubes at the top thereof. Y

13. A surface condenser comprising a shell having a steam inlet and outlet for condensate and uncondensible gases, a'nlurality of groups of cooling tubes arranged transversely to the path of steam flow, means to bypass steam about certain groups of tubes, and separate means for directing the bypassed steam directly onto another group of tubes, there being Walls at the sides of the tubes to prevent steam from entering thef tubesat the sides.

14. A'surface condenser comprising a shell having a steam inlet and an outlet for condensate and uncondensible gases, a plurality of unbroken groups of cooling tubes transterminating at .points closely adjacent the Walls of the shell andbeing of uniform depth throughout, means forming a passage inthe shell adapted to by-pass steam about certainv groups of tubes, and a plurality of valves JOHN F. KIRGAN.

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