US1829547A - Centrifugal process and apparatus - Google Patents

Centrifugal process and apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
US1829547A
US1829547A US174721A US17472127A US1829547A US 1829547 A US1829547 A US 1829547A US 174721 A US174721 A US 174721A US 17472127 A US17472127 A US 17472127A US 1829547 A US1829547 A US 1829547A
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United States
Prior art keywords
shell
centrifugal
rotor
liquid
solid particles
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Expired - Lifetime
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US174721A
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English (en)
Inventor
Laurence P Sharples
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Sharples Specialty Co
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Sharples Specialty Co
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Filing date
Publication date
Priority to BE349557D priority Critical patent/BE349557A/xx
Application filed by Sharples Specialty Co filed Critical Sharples Specialty Co
Priority to US174721A priority patent/US1829547A/en
Priority to FR650715D priority patent/FR650715A/fr
Priority to GB7501/28A priority patent/GB286739A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US1829547A publication Critical patent/US1829547A/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
    • B04B—CENTRIFUGES
    • B04B3/00—Centrifuges with rotary bowls in which solid particles or bodies become separated by centrifugal force and simultaneous sifting or filtering
    • B04B3/04—Centrifuges with rotary bowls in which solid particles or bodies become separated by centrifugal force and simultaneous sifting or filtering discharging solid particles from the bowl by a conveying screw coaxial with the bowl axis and rotating relatively to the bowl

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a process and apparatus for the centrifugal separation of liquids from a mixture therewith of solid particles.
  • Centrifugal machines have been proposed that are capable to a limited degree of separating specific mixtures of liquids and solids 'but it is desirable to have a process and apparatus for the separation of liquids from solid particles, that are capable of general or at least broad application to mixtures of varying characteristics and composition.
  • the separating mechanism may be so constructed as to have ,a large capacity but it is desirable to avoid the consumption of excessive quantities of power and it is therefore desirable to discharge the liquid constituent of the mixture from the centrifugal machine by the application thereto of as'little power as possible.
  • a mixture of liquid and solid particles is introduced into a rotating shell or basket and the liquid is separated from the solid particles and discharged from the shell or basket by centrifugal force and the centrifugal force imparts to the solid particles.
  • a rotating shell or basket is employed that is so constructed that centrifugal force separates the liquid from the solid particles and discharges the liquid from the shell or basket and the centrifugal force tends to cause the solid particles to move toward and discharge from their intended point of discharge, and means is provided to control or retard that movement and discharge of the solid particles.
  • the rotating shell or basket may be perforated to facilitate the centrifugal separation and discharge of the liquid and its walls may be inclined to the axis of rotation, as by making the shell or basket generally conical in form, to the end that centrifugal force will tend to move the solids toward and to discharge them from the basket or shell at its largest diameter, and a particular means for controlling or retarding such movement and discharge of the solid-s may be a spiral blade or plate that is engaged by the solid particles and which is rotated at a slow speed with respect to the shell or basket and permits the solid particles to advance at any desired rate under the action of centrifugal force toward their P oint of discharge from the shell or basket.
  • the pitch 1 or basket is 11 accordance with my invention.
  • the rotatin shell or basket includes a section or zone '0 small Y diameter, preferably of the minimum practical diameter, into which the 7 mixture of liquid and solid particles is first introduced and from which the major portion of the liquid is discharged from the rotating shell or basket at a low peripheral speed and before that major portion of the liquid has had done upon it that amount of work necessary to bring it to' the peripheral speed of those parts of the rotating shell orbasket that are of relatively large diameter.
  • a current of heated or dry gas of suitable chemicahneutrality ,or-activity may be passed in such-manner anddirection as to prevent steam or vapor from the mixture or a mist of the liquidfrom coming into contact with the solid particles discharged from the centrifugal machine; and such current of air or gas may be flowed into contact with, or counter to,'the solidparticles discharged in disoersed form from the rotating shell or basket by centrifugalforce.
  • the. apparatus may not be injured by the jamming of solid particles be- ⁇ -tween the centrifugal shell or basket and the spiralzor other device that controls, retards or. effects the movement of the solid particles with respect to the shell or basket
  • my invention includes the driving of the shell or basket and the spiral at different speeds by belt-gearing which belt-gearing may include variable speed belt-gearing.
  • a further development of my invention consists in providing a centrifugal rotor of the type used for draining or straining and in which-those parts that resist the centrifugalforce are protected against the action of corrosive substances treated in or discharged from the centrifugal rotor.
  • Fig. 1 is a vertical sectional view taken on the line 1--1 of Fig. 2, of apparatus embodying my invention, and whereby my process may be practised;
  • Fig. 2 is a horizontal section on the line 22 of Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 3 is a partial detailed view of the centrifugal shell construction
  • Fig. 4 is a vertical sectional View of another form of apparatus embodying my invention.
  • a centrifugal shell or basket 10 is mounted upon end pieces 11 of spokes or arms 12 that lead to a hub 13 that is keyed to the main shaft 14.
  • the lower end of the shaft 14 rotates in bearing 15 supported by arms 16 extending radially inward from an annular base 17
  • Projections 18 on the base 17 support a frame 19 to which is secured a housing 20 that carries a bearing 21 for the upper end of shaft 14.
  • Centrifugal shell or basket 10 is generally frusto-conical in form and its angle of divergence is such that solid material introduced to the shell at a point thereof of lesser diameter will have imparted to it, by the centrifugal force acting upon the solid material, a tendency to move relatively to the shell toward a point thereof ofgreater diameter; and the solid material is discharged from the shell atsuch point of greater diameter or at the point of maximum diameter of the shell, but the motion of the solid material toward its point of discharge is so controlled that the solid is centrifugally freed of liquid to a desired degree as hereinafter described.
  • Shell 10 comprises a zone or portion 22 of relatively lesser average diameter and a zone or portion 23 of relatively greater average diameter.
  • Pipe 24 or other suitable 'means feeds mixturesof liquid with solid particles into zone 22. The major portion of the liquid in the mixture is centrifugally separated from the solid particles and centrifugally discharged from the shell while the mixture is in zone 22, and the solid particles,
  • the shell in both zones 22 and 23, may consist of sheet metal having perforations 26 (see Fig.3), and an inner screen 27 having perforations 28 that are as small and as close together as desirable and a spacing member 29 intermediate the shell 10 and the screen 27, convenient material for such spaclng member being woven wire screen that will permit circulation of liquid between screen 27 and shell 10.
  • a quill or hollow shaft 30 surrounds main shaft 14 and is supported. at .its upper end in bearing 31 in the housing 20 and within its lower end it is provided with a bearing 310 that ehgages shaft 14.
  • Hub 32 keyed to the lower end of quill 30 carries arms 33 upon which are supported helical plates 34 as by joining flanges 35 on arms 33 with flanges 36 on plates 34. .[n the construction shown one helical plate begins at the lower end of each arm 33 and the helical plates slope downwardly in the direction of rotation of .shell 10 and thereby tend to cause a circulation of air within shell 10 from the point of discharge thereof toward the point where substances are supplied thereto.
  • the retarding or controlling helix or helices 37 within zone 22 may be supported upon a supporting and guiding plate 38 carried by arms 33, which plate comes into contact with quill 30 and provides a guide for material introduced through supply pipe 24.
  • the pitch of helical plates 34 may be so varied that those plates are closer together axially near the point of the shell of maximum diameter, from which'solid particles are discharged, than at parts of the shell of lesser diameter in order that the body of solid material between adjacent helical plates may have substantially the same radial thickness at points of the shell of different diameter.
  • Liquid discharged from the ,shell while the mixture is in zone 22 never has done upon it the work necessary to bring it up to the peripheral speed of material in zone 23.
  • the tendency of centrifugal force to move all of the solid material and any liquid adhering thereto relatively to the shell from the supply point to the discharge point thereof is opposed and controlled by the helical controlling or retarding plates. and the rate at which solid material advances point to the discharge point of the shell is controlled by rotating the helical plates at a differential speed with respect to the rotation of shell 10.
  • the helical plates are rotated at slightly lower speed than shell 10 and the portion of a plate 34 whi'h is contacted by a given portion of material may be said to advance toward the point of discharge of shell 10.
  • Shaft 14 of shell 10 may be driven directly from shaft 40 by belt 41, and pulley 42 on quill 30 is driven at a difierential speed by belt-operated speed-change gearing 43.
  • the particular construction of speed-change gearing constitutes no part of my invention and any known type may be employed.
  • receptacle 44 for liquids centrifugally thrown from shell 10
  • said receptacle comprising plate 45 which extends to a point adjacent the upper end of shell 10 and plate 46 which may extend into a trough 47 formed in the lower edge of shell 10. Liquid is withdrawn from collecting receptacle 44 by passage 48.
  • hopper 49 Solid material discharged from the lower end of shell 10 drops into hopper 49 which may conveniently be supported from the lower edge of base 17 In order to prevent steam, mist or vapors from mixtures introduced to the shell or from substances centrifugally discharged from the shell. from contaminating solid material discharged from the shell a current of air or treating gas of suitable temperature and composition is maintained from the discharged solids toward other parts of the centrifugal machine.
  • hopper 49 may be provided with a discharge valve 50 havinga rotating gate 51 and a supply of air or gas may be brought into hopper 49 through pine 52.
  • plate 53 may be carried by arms 33 and so proportioned as to close the main passage through the shell leaving a free space for air or gas to circulate between the helices 34.
  • a backing plate 54 may be provided that is carried by arms 33 and spaced at suitable distance from screen 27.
  • the helices 34 and 37 are then mounted upon backing plate or shell 54.
  • the flow of air or treating gas is certainly maintained in countercurrent to the solid material advancing in the shell toward its point of discharge therefrom In such case plate 53 is dis ensed with.
  • the shell 10 may be imperforate and provided throughout its inner surface with a layer of protective material made up of the parts 56, 59, reenforcing bands 55 being mounted. if desired. on the exterior of shell 10'.
  • intermediate spacing member 29 will lie directly upon protective layer or sheet 56 and screen 27 will overlie and be su orted by spac ng mem er 29. Liquid passing through screen 27 will flow along the surface of protective layer 56 in the space maintained by spacing member 29.
  • Shell 10 will be provided with liquid discharge openings 57 that are lined with protective material, a ridge 58 of protective material 56 of protective material may protect the outer surface of the shell belowliquid discharge passages 57 Liquid centrifugally discharged through screen 27 will be centrifugally discharged from the bowl through openings 57 or 57 but the inner surface of the shell may be protected below openings 57 by'protctive layer 59.
  • the process comprising introducing the mixture into a centrifugal rotor at one end thereof and centrifugally separating and discharging the liquid constituent, advancing the solid constituent toward and centrifugally discharging it from the opposite end of the rotor, and maintaining a flow of treating gas through the dischargingsolid constituent and within the rotor countercurrent to the direction of advance of the solid constituent therein.
  • a centrifugal rotor mounted for rotation, means for introducing into one end of said rotor mixtures of solids with liquids, a helix within said rotor and positioned to engage solid material un der the influence of centrifugal force therein and having a downward pitch in the direction of rotation of the rotor, means substantially closing-the central portion of said helix against the flow of gas, a hopper normally closed at its bottom and positioned to receive solids discharged from said rotor and having its upper edge adjacent said rotor, and
  • a rotating centrifugal rotor discharging solids from one end thereof, means for introducing into the other end of said rotor mixtures of solids and liquids and means for passing treating'gas through said rotorfrom the discharge end thereof toward the other end thereof.
  • a frusto-conical centrifugal rotor mounted for rotation, means for introducing a mixture of liquid with solid particles into the end of said rotor of smaller diameter, a centrally open helix positioned to engage solid particles under the influence of centrifugal force within said rotor and mounted for rotation with respect to said rotor, means for closing the central opening of said helix, and means for circulating gas through the space between said closure means and said bowl and from the larger end of said rotor toward the smaller end thereof.
  • a frusto-conical centrifugal rotor mounted for rotation, means for introducing a mixture of liquid With solid particles into the end of said rotor of smaller diameter, an imperforate backing shell within said rotor and mounted for coaxial rotation relative thereto and s 'aced therefrom, a helix on said backing she I and engaging solids under the influenceof centrifugal force within said rotor, and means.
  • spacing member covering the interior'of said rotor and permittingcirculatwn ofliquld over said lining, a perforate screen covering said,

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  • Centrifugal Separators (AREA)
US174721A 1927-03-11 1927-03-11 Centrifugal process and apparatus Expired - Lifetime US1829547A (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE349557D BE349557A (es) 1927-03-11
US174721A US1829547A (en) 1927-03-11 1927-03-11 Centrifugal process and apparatus
FR650715D FR650715A (fr) 1927-03-11 1928-03-10 Perfectionnements aux machines centrifuges et à la séparation centrifuge de liquides et particules solides mélangés
GB7501/28A GB286739A (en) 1927-03-11 1928-03-10 Improvements relating to centrifugal machines and the centrifugal separation of liquids from mixtures of liquids and solid particles

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US174721A US1829547A (en) 1927-03-11 1927-03-11 Centrifugal process and apparatus

Publications (1)

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US1829547A true US1829547A (en) 1931-10-27

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US174721A Expired - Lifetime US1829547A (en) 1927-03-11 1927-03-11 Centrifugal process and apparatus

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US (1) US1829547A (es)
BE (1) BE349557A (es)
FR (1) FR650715A (es)
GB (1) GB286739A (es)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE967970C (de) * 1949-09-16 1958-01-02 Siteg Siebtech Gmbh Schraubenschleuder
DE1040460B (de) * 1955-02-21 1958-10-02 Westfalia Separator Ag Einrichtung zum veraenderlichen Einstellen der Differenzdrehzahl bei Schneckenzentrifugen
DE1174265B (de) * 1960-04-25 1964-07-16 Dr Brunolf Brukner Austragvorrichtung fuer eine Zentrifuge mit drehbarem Ausraeumer
DE1200214B (de) * 1961-10-13 1965-09-02 Kloeckner Humboldt Deutz Ag Antrieb fuer eine Schneckenzentrifuge mit regel-barer Einstellung der Differenzdrehzahl
US4066547A (en) * 1975-08-15 1978-01-03 Stork-Werkspoor Sugar B.V. Method of feeding material for centrifugation to a continuously operating centrifuge, and a centrifuge for performing the method
US4283286A (en) * 1979-01-17 1981-08-11 Krauss-Maffei Aktiengesellschaft Centrifuge with product accelerator
WO2000029090A1 (de) * 1998-11-12 2000-05-25 Martin Systems Ag Vorrichtung zum abscheiden von schmutzwasser
US20140373378A1 (en) * 2011-05-03 2014-12-25 Josef Andreas Nick Centrifugal machine for drying granular solid materials

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11139287B2 (en) * 2016-05-23 2021-10-05 Littefluse Semiconductor (WUXI) Co., Ltd. Transient voltage suppression device with thermal cutoff

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE967970C (de) * 1949-09-16 1958-01-02 Siteg Siebtech Gmbh Schraubenschleuder
DE1040460B (de) * 1955-02-21 1958-10-02 Westfalia Separator Ag Einrichtung zum veraenderlichen Einstellen der Differenzdrehzahl bei Schneckenzentrifugen
DE1174265B (de) * 1960-04-25 1964-07-16 Dr Brunolf Brukner Austragvorrichtung fuer eine Zentrifuge mit drehbarem Ausraeumer
DE1200214B (de) * 1961-10-13 1965-09-02 Kloeckner Humboldt Deutz Ag Antrieb fuer eine Schneckenzentrifuge mit regel-barer Einstellung der Differenzdrehzahl
US4066547A (en) * 1975-08-15 1978-01-03 Stork-Werkspoor Sugar B.V. Method of feeding material for centrifugation to a continuously operating centrifuge, and a centrifuge for performing the method
US4283286A (en) * 1979-01-17 1981-08-11 Krauss-Maffei Aktiengesellschaft Centrifuge with product accelerator
WO2000029090A1 (de) * 1998-11-12 2000-05-25 Martin Systems Ag Vorrichtung zum abscheiden von schmutzwasser
US20140373378A1 (en) * 2011-05-03 2014-12-25 Josef Andreas Nick Centrifugal machine for drying granular solid materials
US10180283B2 (en) * 2011-05-03 2019-01-15 Josef Andreas Nick Centrifugal machine for drying granular solid materials

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB286739A (en) 1928-07-19
FR650715A (fr) 1929-01-12
BE349557A (es)

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