US1826990A - Electromagnetic device - Google Patents

Electromagnetic device Download PDF

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Publication number
US1826990A
US1826990A US352494A US35249429A US1826990A US 1826990 A US1826990 A US 1826990A US 352494 A US352494 A US 352494A US 35249429 A US35249429 A US 35249429A US 1826990 A US1826990 A US 1826990A
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magnetic
armature
flux
coil
reluctance
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US352494A
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English (en)
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Carpenter Rupert Evan Howard
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R11/00—Transducers of moving-armature or moving-core type
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H51/00—Electromagnetic relays
    • H01H51/22—Polarised relays
    • H01H51/2236—Polarised relays comprising pivotable armature, pivoting at extremity or bending point of armature

Definitions

  • reversals cir,- cuit The part of themagnetic circuit acted upon by a reversals coil, which may be called the reversals cir,- cuit,should have minimum reluctance, and the ktotal reluctance of this circuit should only be slightly greater than that of the air gaps and the core carrying" they reversals winding, whilst as much as possible ofthe iux change produced by the current in the reversals coil should operate on the armature, Again the hysteresis and eddy curreni ⁇ losses in that reversals circuit should be as small as possible, and shouldfbe limited substantially to the losses in the-.core carrying the reversals winding. i c
  • steady flux greatly reduces the incremental permeability of thematerial, and secondly any desired intensity .of polarizing flux may be employed without any limitation which kwould otherwise be imported by the crossn; section' of the core carrying the reversals.
  • the armature should have a minimum vmoment of incrtia, andas a secondary matter, should be mounted in such a wayv that bearings or pivots, if they are used, shall be readily accessible.
  • Onepair of air gafps should be employed since the use of two pairs, particularly if the axis of.
  • bias adjustment should be provided gradual in its action but not dependent upon great mechanical nicety of manufacture. Further, it is advantageous to employ only onek spool for thc reversals winding surrounding a stationaryy core and easily replaceable if it should be burned out. f
  • the magnetic structure of a device liof the above kind consists of a portion having a magnetic circuit of low reluctance to carry the fluctuating fluX, and a portionof relativel large reluctance inwhich the steady flux lbws in two parallel-paths, the reluctanceof the latter portiony is suflicient to avoid serious shunting with respect to the fluctuating flux ofthe part of the' magnetic circuit of low reluctance in which the effective air gap is disposed.
  • iThus steady lluxesypreferably equal in value, flow in the ktwo 'parts of the high reluctance part of the magnetic structure and when the invention applied to an electromagnetic relay the vibratory armature is located in a gap between the pole faces of two limbs, preferably ot relative-ly large crosssection, and the circuit for the fluctuating ilui; is completed by a bridge-piece which carries the coil ot' the instrument, and may be of smaller cross-section than the said limbs, because this bridge-piece does not have to carry the steady or polarizing flux.
  • the divided part- Vof the magnetic struc-ture in which the latter Hows may consist of a pair ot permanent magnets, the like poles of which are connected. to al central limb of the magnetic structure on which the vibratory armature is supported.
  • Biassing may be eil'ected by employing a wandering or adjustable magnetor magnetic member which can be set into a position so as to shunt, or in the case of a magnet, either to shunt or assist one or other of the two permanent magnets of the instrument until any steady flux in the bridge-nece carrying the coil is neutralized.
  • Figure 1 is a rear elevation of a relay with the biassiug magnet shown 'broken away;
  • Figure 2 is an elevation seen from the left oi Figure 1; while Figure 3 is a ,plan with the coil and the base removed;
  • Figure 4 is an enlarged cross-section show ing the method of clamping t-he butts of the relay in ⁇ their adjusted positions
  • FIG. 5 is an elementary diagram of the magnetic circuit employed.
  • Figure G is a diagrammatic elevation of a small rotary motor constructed in accordance with the invention.
  • the magnetic structure comprises a lower horizontal limb 1 lconnected near its outer end 'by two permanent magnets 2, 3 to limbs 4, 5, which form the part of the low reluctance magnetic circuit through which the steady flux passes.
  • the magnets 2, 3 are made of cobalt lsteel or similar material ot' high retenftivity and coercivity.
  • Like poles of the two magnets are connected to thehorizontal limb 1, and mounted on the central part o't' the limb 1 is the central member 6 ot the system, Vso that flux from the magnets 2 and 3 pass lin parallel through the member 6 inthe same direction.
  • the armature 7 of the relay carrying the tongue 8 is shown pivoted to the central limb 6, it being carried by short blade springs 9 clamped innon-magnetic brackets 10, so that the downward pull on the armature T places the springs 9 in tension.
  • the armature 7 could, however, be carried on a knife edged pivot on the limb G, and in the case of a driving element, for example, for a loudspea-king telephone receiver, the member 6 could be pivoted at its lower end and itself form the Vibratory reed.
  • rl ⁇ he butts 11, ⁇ 12 of the relay are adjustably carried in pillars 13, 14 which are carried on thc limbs 4, 5 and insulated therefrom, for example, by mica washers.
  • Figure l shows the pillar 13 in vert-ical section.
  • the vertical bore through the centre of the pillar 13 is tapped and a hfrlzontal hole 15 is drilled at right angles to it.
  • the screwed stud 16 screwed into the lower part of' the bore and serves for [fixing the pillar 13 to the limb 4.
  • the stem 1T ofthe butt 11 is passed through the hole 15 into which it is screwed by a tine thread, and after linal adjustment is clamped by dropping a small hardwood plug 18 on to it in the bore in the pillar 18 and clamping the plug -down finally vby a screw 19, this avoids any difliculty in screw-threading the pillars 13, 14, and avoids the use of split pillars and complicated clamping devices.
  • the limbs 1, 5 are L-shaped in plan, as seen in Figureg, and their outer ends are connected by the laminated bridge-piece 20.
  • the 'coil 22 is carried on the bridge-piece 20, the connecting wires for receiving the incoming signalling currents being shown at 23.
  • the two magnets 2, ⁇ 3 with the central limb 6, and the lower limb 1 form two similar vhalves of a structure exterlnal to the magnetic circuit carrying the varying flux.
  • These two similar :and equal halves fare of relatively high reluctance. Air gaps, or saturated portions of reduced area '59 convenient forms of biassing'. ⁇
  • the bridge-'piece 20 carrying the reversa s coil 22 is shown of smaller cross-section than the members 4,5 forming the elongated polepieces.
  • thisl construction not only is the part of the magnetic structure forming the path for the steady flux external to the circuit ior the varying flux divided into two independent portions in which equal fluxes flow which are maintained substantially constant under all conditions, but those two halves of the external part .of the magnetic structure are themselves of relatively high reluctance and therefore do not form any magnetic circuit substantially shunting with respect to the reversing flux the part of the local circuit which contains the ⁇ air gap in which the vibratory member operates.
  • any flux which might possibly be shunted by these externa-l members from the limbs of the local circuit containing the air gap would, oi course, be direct waste, and if there is any substantial ywaste in this way, the performf ance .of the relay, of course, would be adversely affected.;
  • the vibrating tongue can be pivoted most ⁇ conveniently to the limb 6 or"v the external part of the magnetie structure as by thel spring connection 9, but the use of a spring may be avoided in that the tongue can turnon a knife edge ⁇ 0n that limb.
  • FIG. 6 asimilar motoris illustratedr which is, in effect, asynchronous motor ⁇ and can be used, for ⁇ example,as a phonic motorl for telegraphy purposes
  • the armature 7, in this case is a bundley 'of laminations with an odd number of teeth.
  • the permanent magnets V2 and ⁇ 3 are of lthe shape shown, and the limb 6 is reduced here to ⁇ a vcommon pole shoe.
  • the limbs 4 and 5 each have polepieces coacting with the armature 7 as before',
  • fthe invention is applied to a magnetic driving unit fora loud Speaking telephone les tov
  • the tongue can be replaced by a reed, such as is commonly used in such instruments, which reed may be connected to drivel the diaphragm of the instrument; for example, in the case of an instrument with a large diaphragm, by a direct connection.
  • a reed such as is commonly used in such instruments, which reed may be connected to drivel the diaphragm of the instrument; for example, in the case of an instrument with a large diaphragm, by a direct connection.
  • the moving member is, of course, driven, that is to say, either oscillated or rotated, but in either case the flux in the local circuit vill be ot a fluctuating nature.
  • An electromagnetic device of the class set -forth comprising a magnetic structure consisting in the combination of a magnetic circuit of loiv reluctance containing the effective air gap of the device, a movablymounted armature included in said magnetic circuit, a coil linked with said magnetic circuit to carry lluctuating electric currents and a magnetic member co-operating with a part olf said magnetic circuit to form a circuit for a substantially steady polarizing flux with tivo paths in parallel and of substantially higher reluctance than said magnetic circuit.
  • electromagnetic device of the class set forth comprising a magnetic structure consisting in the combination of a magnetic cirquit of lovv reluctance containing the effective air gap of the device, a pivotallymounted armature capable of oscillating movement included in said magnetic circuit, a coil linked with said magnetic circuit to carry fluctuating electric currents and a magnetic member co-operating with a part ofl said magnetic circuit to form a circuit for a substantially steady polarizing flux with two paths in parallel and of substantially higher reluctance than said magnetic circuit.
  • An electromagnetic device of the class set forth comprising a magnetic structure consisting in the combination of a magnetic circuit of low reluctance containing the efiective air gap of the device, a movablymounted armature included in said magnetic circuit, a coil linked With said magnetic circuit to carry luctuating electric currents and a magnetic member co-operating with a ameno set forth comprising a magnetic structure consisting in the combination of a magnetic circuit of low reluctance containing the effective air gap of the device, a movablymounted armature included in said magnetic circuit, a coil linked with said magnetic circuit to carry fluctuating electric currents and a magnetic member embodying tivo paths in parallel for a steady polarizing flux and of substantially higher reluctance than said magnetic circuit, the magnetic circuit of the steady polarizing flux consisting of said magnetic member and a part of said magnetic circuit of low reluctance not linked with said coil.
  • An electromagnetic device of the class set forth comprising a magnetic structure consisting in the combination of a magnet-ic circuit of low reluctance containing the efl'ective air gap of the device, a movablymounted armature included in said magnetic circuit, a coil linked with said magnetic circuit to carry fluctuating electric currents and a magnetic member embodying two magnetic paths in parallel eath including a magnet producing a steady polarizing flux which tlows also through a part of said magnetic circuit of 10W reluctance not linked with said coil, said magnetic member having a. relatively hi h reluctance.
  • an electromagnetic relay the combination With a pair of pole-pieces with their faces adjacent the etfective air gap of the relay, a pivotally mounted armature located in said air gap and a magnetic core connecting said pole-pieces to complete a magnetic circuit of lovv reluctance, of a coil surrounding said core to carry fluctuating electric currents, and a magnetic member of higher reluctance than said magnetic circuit and embodying two magnetic paths in parallel each including a permanent magnet producing a steady polarizing linx which flows also through said pole-pieces and said armature.
  • An electromagnetic dcice of the class set forth comprising a magnetic structure consisting inthe combination with a pair of pole pieces with polar vlaces adjacent an effective air gap and a magnetic bridge piece connecting said pole pieces to form a magnetic circuit of low reluctance with a Inovably-mounted armature located in said air gap, a coil surrounding said bridge piece to carry fluctuating electric currents, a magnetic member cti-operating with said pair oi pole pieces to form a circuit for ⁇ a substantially steady polarizing flux with two paths iio in parallel and of substantially higher reluctance than said magnetic circuit and an adjustably-mounted magnetic biassing member co-operating with said pole pieces to rbalance out the flux linked With said coil when no current is flowing.
  • an electromagnetic relay the combination with a pair of pole pieces having faces adjacent the effective air gap of the relay, a pivotally mounted armature located in said air gap and a magnetic core connecting said pole-pieces to compietea magnetic circuit of low reluctance, of a coil surrounding said core to carry iuctuating electric currents, a magnetic member ot higher yreluctance than said magnetic circuit and embodying two magnetic paths in p-aralel, cachincluding a permanent magnet producing a steady polarizing -flux which flows also through said pole-pieces and said armature, and an adjustably-mounted magnetic biassing member co-operating with said polepieces to balance out the flux linked With said coil when no current is ioWing.
  • an electro-magnetic relay comprising in combination, a magnetic structure formed With pole faces adjacent the efl'ective air gap of the relay, a vibratory armature located in said air gap, a coil mounted on said magnetic structure to carry fluctuating electric currents., and movable magnetic member adjustable for biassing the relay during operation of the latter while the position of said abutments relatively to said tongue remains fixed.
  • an electromagnetic relay in combination, a magnetic structure formed With pole pieces adjacent the effective air gap of the relay, a vibratory armature mounted to cooperate With said pole pieces, a coil supported on said magnetic structure to carry fluctuating electric currents ⁇ and a magnet mounted for adjustment during the operation of the relay so as to set the bias of the relay independently of the adjustment of any other parts.
  • an electromagnetic device of the l class set forth the combination of a magnetic structure having a pair of opposing pole pieces with an air gap between them, a vibratory armature mounted to vibrate under thev forces of attraction of said pole piece, a coil supported on said magnetic structure to carry fluctuating electric currents and a movably mounted member for adjusting the forces of attraction of said pole pieces on said armature independently of the adjustment of other parts.
  • yan electromagnetic device of the class set forth the combinationof a magnetic structure having a pair of opposing pole pieces With an air gap between them, a. vibratory armature mounted to vibrate to and from said pole piece, a coil supported on said magnetic structure to carry fluctuating electric currents andl a magnetic member movably mounted for adjustment during the operation of the device in order to set the position of said armature relatively to said pole piece independently of the adjustment of any other parts.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Reciprocating, Oscillating Or Vibrating Motors (AREA)
  • Electromagnets (AREA)
US352494A 1928-04-25 1929-04-04 Electromagnetic device Expired - Lifetime US1826990A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB12160/28A GB315496A (en) 1928-04-25 1928-04-25 Improvements relating to relays and other electromagnetic instruments and machines

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US1826990A true US1826990A (en) 1931-10-13

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US352494A Expired - Lifetime US1826990A (en) 1928-04-25 1929-04-04 Electromagnetic device

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US (1) US1826990A (en(2012))
DE (1) DE607203C (en(2012))
FR (1) FR672368A (en(2012))
GB (1) GB315496A (en(2012))
NL (1) NL29387C (en(2012))

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2491098A (en) * 1940-10-14 1949-12-13 Gen Railway Signal Co Polar biased relay
US2716232A (en) * 1950-10-25 1955-08-23 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Flux modulated ringer
US2811602A (en) * 1952-05-29 1957-10-29 Telephone Mfg Co Ltd Electromagnetic relays
US2876398A (en) * 1954-06-14 1959-03-03 Telephone Mfg Co Ltd Polarized electro-magnetic relays
US2930946A (en) * 1955-11-08 1960-03-29 Telephone Mfg Co Ltd Electromagnetic devices
US3058038A (en) * 1959-11-20 1962-10-09 Weston Hydraulics Ltd Torque motor with null balance

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE761496C (de) * 1941-04-19 1954-10-04 Johannes Bohmeyer Elektrisches Nebenuhrwerk mit durch Stromstoesse wechselnder Polaritaet schrittweisefortschaltbarem Anker

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2491098A (en) * 1940-10-14 1949-12-13 Gen Railway Signal Co Polar biased relay
US2716232A (en) * 1950-10-25 1955-08-23 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Flux modulated ringer
US2811602A (en) * 1952-05-29 1957-10-29 Telephone Mfg Co Ltd Electromagnetic relays
US2876398A (en) * 1954-06-14 1959-03-03 Telephone Mfg Co Ltd Polarized electro-magnetic relays
US2930946A (en) * 1955-11-08 1960-03-29 Telephone Mfg Co Ltd Electromagnetic devices
US3058038A (en) * 1959-11-20 1962-10-09 Weston Hydraulics Ltd Torque motor with null balance

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Publication number Publication date
NL29387C (en(2012))
DE607203C (de) 1934-12-19
FR672368A (fr) 1929-12-27
GB315496A (en) 1929-07-18

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