US1819134A - Boiler - Google Patents

Description

Aug. 18, 1931. v, STEVENS 1,819,134

BOILER Filed Nov. 12. 1928 2 Shets-Sheet 1 l i l JNVENTOR.

ATTORNEY Aug; 18, 1931. H. v. STEVENS BOILER Filed Nov. 12, 1928 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Q 1 V o o O m omo oomo 1 0 0 0 0 0w 1 0 0 wow Q Q O Q Q 0 v I 0 Q N. O 0

2 I/Ig ENTOR.

@TTO'RNEY Patented Aug. 18, 1931 PATENT OFFICE HENRY V. STEVENS, F TOPEKA, KANSAS BOILER Application filed November 12, 1928. Serial No. 318,818.

My invention relates to boilers and more particularly to locomotive boilers, the principal objects of the invention being to eifect fuel saving by providing increased active (heating surfaces in the boiler, to effect circulation through all parts of the boiler, thereby eliminating dormant zones, to effect a greater ,steaming capacity and to provide boiler struc ture minimizing maintenance costs as well as the hazards of boiler failure due to low water. In accomplishing these and other objects of the invention, I have provided improved details of structure, the preferred forms of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein:

Fig. 1 is a longitudinal vertical sectional view through the rear end of a locomotive boiler constructed in accordance with my invention. Fig. 2 is a cross sectional view through th boiler on the line 22, Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is a horizontal sectional-view through the boiler on the line 33, Fig. 2.

Fig. 4 is a detail sectional view through a modified form of boiler.

Referring more in detail'to the drawings:

1 designates a locomotiveboiler comprisingv a barrel portion 2 and a fire box portion 3 comprising a back sheet 4, a roof sheet 5 and casing sheets 6 and 7 constituting the outer walls of the fire box. The inner walls of the fire box comprise a crown sheet 8, side sheets 9 and 10 and a door sheet .11 spaced from the corresponding sheets of the boiler and a flue sheet 12 supporting the rear ends of the fire tubes 13. p t

The casing sheets and the back sheet and an vouter throat sheet 14 are preferably connected :with a mud ring 15 which encircles the lower part of the fire box as in standard boiler pracgtice, the inner and outer sheets being spaced to provide water legs at the sides and door end of the fire box designated 16, 17 and 18 re-' spectively and a steaming space 19 above the crown sheet of the fire box.

The bottom of the fire box, in ordinary coal {burning engines, is closed by the grates and ash pan, or in oil burning locomotives and locomotives converted from coal burners, the

bottom of thefire boxes are covered with refractory material and no attempt is made to utilize the heating surface in the bottom of. the fire box and thereby utilize the maximum heat ofcombustion. 1 I

In order toutilize heat of combustion in the bottom of the fire box, I have constructed a water table under the entire area of the fire box and communicating with the water legs of the boiler thereby entirely surrounding the area of the fire box with water and utilizing the entire active heating surface of the boiler as well as greatly increasing the water holding capacity. 7

In carrying out this object I curve the side sheets 9 and 10 of the fire box inwardly above the mud ring as at 20 and then downwardly below the mud ringas at 21 to form side shelves and again inwardly as at 22 to form a floor and provide a solid bottom sheet 23 enclosing the entire area of the fire box, the curved bottom providing the deepest possible combustion chamber for the fire box as Well as presenting curved surfaces to the fire. Fixed to the inner sides ofthe mud ring is a similarly curved bottom sheet 24 spaced from the sheet 23 to provide a water space 25 which communicates with the water legs above the mud rings as-at 26. At the for ward end of the fire box the sheets 23 and 24 are curved" upwardly as at 27 and28 adjacent the burner opening29 to "form a burner wall and then forwardly as at 30 :toconnect with the inner throat sheet 31 and the mud ring 15 respectively to provide a hollow front shelf portion so that the water space-25 also communicates with the barrel of the boiler through a throat 32 formed by the throat sheets. The sheets 23 and 24 connect with the back and door sheets in a manner similar to the side sheets by sweeping curves 33 and 34 forming a real shelf. 1 In orderto supply ai for supporting combustion in the fire box, I provide the bottom sheets at each side of the fuel nozzle 35 with a plurality of air-conduits 36 comprising pipenipples 37 welded into the sheets to make a water tight joint. Air may also be supplied through a door or hopper opening 38 formed in the bottom of thefire box in front of the nozzle 35.

It is also desirable to cover a portion of the bottom of the fire box and a portion of the door sheet in front of the burner with fire brick 39 to provide an incandescent surface against which the flame of the burner is directed to aid in the burning of the fuel.

As before stated it is also an object of the invention to circulate water throughout all parts of the boiler and in accomplishing this circulation I employ the therihosiphonprinciple and utilize a plurality of water conveying conduits extending through the hottest zone of the fire box and communicating the water table with the steam space 19 above the crown sheet so that water passing through the conduitsis quickly heated and converted into steam which isdisplac'ed by the cooler water in the water table thereby producing a' siphon effectthrough the conduits.

In the present illustration I employ three water bonduits designated 40, 41, and 42 respecti-vely, theouter conduits 40 and 4-2 connecting the side shelf portions of the water table withthe side portions of the crown sheet and the conduit 41, the central part of the front shelf portion of the water table with the central portion of the crown sheet. The-inlet 48 to the central conduitis positione'd forwardly with relation to the inlets 4st and 4-5 of the other conduits so as to not interfere with combustion space in the fire box and 'at the same time allowing for an arrangement whereby all the conduits receive direct heat of the flame and the prodnets of combustion before they pass out through the firetubes of the boiler.

Iihe water conduits are preferably rectangular in cross section and are funnelshaped from the bottom up so as to provide for expansionof the water as it is converted into steam and prevent violent spouting of water into the steam compartment above the crown sheet. e v

The conduits are preferably constructed of boiler plate and are flangedat their upper ends as at46. and ,welded to the edgesof openings 47 provided in the crown sheet. The lower ends of the conduits are connected with the inner sheet 23 inlike manner although I prefer to provide an expansion curve '48 in the lower flange of the conduits. The conduits are internally reinforced with stay bolts 49 and the upper flanges 46 of condiiitsare suspended by stay bolts 50 from the outer crown sheet similar to the support of the-lire boa crown sheet as in standard boiler practice, 7

'Suitable'cl ean out plugs designated '51 may b e po s'itioned above and below the conduits tfo provide for 'cleaning'scale deposits and the like from the conduits andthe interior of the boiler. H v V Blow off cocks '52 and 53 m'ay'also be provided in the lower sheet of the watertable for removing mud and sediment which collects therein.

In some instances it may be desirable to eliminate the mud ring as shown in Fig. 4; thereby reducing the weight of the boiler, and in this instance the outer table sheet will be connected to the casing boiler sheets in rounding curves similar to the inner sheet connections with the side sheets.

Assuming v that the boiler constructed as described is filled to a level above the crown sheet, the water circulation is as follows:

Water in the conduits is heated almost as soon as the fuel in the fire box is ignited starting circulation of the water from the water table into the water carried on the top of the crown sheet. The cooler water in the water legs then replenishes the water in the water table continuing the circulation.

The water in flowing throughthe conduits which is in the hottest part of the life box, starts steaming almost immediately, causing the cycling ofwater through the conduits and down the water legs through the table and back through the conduits producing a violent pumping action through the conduits, causing the circulation of the water from the front end of the boiler through the throat and into the table whereupon it passes through the conduits and .is heated and re-' circulated so that water in all parts of the boiler is brought into direct contact with the hottest zone of the fire bo'x, thereby equaliz ing temperature of water in every part of the boiler and minimizing boiler maintenance by reducing boiler stresses due to diiferences in temperature. i

Attention is also directed to the fact that the pumping action of the water through the conduits reduces boiler hazards. In case the water level of the boiler is allowed todrop below the crown sheet the umping a cti'on throws water over the crown sheet in a fountain eifect keeping the crown sheet wet all times and prevents damage to the crown sheet. v

It is ap'parenttha't I have provided a boiler utilizing all of the heating surface of the fire box and due to the water conduits Ihave provided for complete water circulation in all parts of the boiler thereby increasing the steamlng. capacity as well as reducing the time required to br'ing'the boilerto the "steaming point resulting in more economic lo'coino tive operation. The better and quicker steaming qualities also allows higherspeeds on heavy grades with'o tflu'ctuation of, the steam pressure as well as p ermit'tinga lighter fire in ordinary boiler operation.

What I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent is: n I I 1. Ina boiler including a fire box, water legs at the sides of'the fire toga water table forming 1 ,116 bottom or the fire tax and cum-- prising shelfportions'cnall sides or the life box directly communicating with the water legs, and a floor portion positioned below the shelf portions and cooperating with the shelf portions to provide a fuel cmbustion chamber.

2. In a boiler including a fire box, water legs at the sides of the fire box a water table forming the bottom of the fire box comprising integral side shelf portions on all sides of the fire box directly communicating with the water legs, and a floor portion positioned below the side shelf portions and cooperating with the shelf portions to form a combustion chamber.

3. In a boiler includinga fire box and water legs at the sides and end of the fire box, a water table forming the bottom of the fire box and comprising side shelf portions directly communicating with the water legs, an integral rear shelf portion, and a floor portion integral with the side portions and cooperating therewith to form a fuel combustion chamber in the water table below the water legs.

4,. In a boiler, a fire box, water legs at the sides and end of the fire box, a water table directly connecting the water legs, a fuel combustion chamber formed by the upper surface of the water table, a conduit extending through the fire box and communicating with the water table and the Space above the fire box for circulating water surrounding the combustion chamber upwardly through the conduit for discharge above the fire box.

5. In a boiler, a fire box, water legs at the sides and end of the fire box, a water table communicating with the Water legs and having a depressed portion to form a fuel combustion chamber, a conduit communicating with the depressed portion of the water table and a part of the boiler above said water table and extending through the fire box to circulate water from the depressed portion of the water table.

6. In a boiler including a fire box and water legs at the sides and end of the fire box, a water table communicating with the lower ends of the water legs comprising a substantially central depressed portion forming a fuel combustion chamber and shelf portions connecting the depressed portion with the water legs, and conduits communicatin with the shelf portions and a part of the oiler above said shelf portions and extending through the fire box to circulate water by thermosiphonic action from the water table.

7. In a boiler, a fire box comprising an inner casing including door, flue and crown sheets, side sheets connecting the first named sheets and having their lower edges curved inwardly, downwardly and again inwardly to form the bottom of the fire box and a central fuel combustion chamber, and an outer casing spaced from the inner casing to form a water space surrounding the inner casing including the fuel combustion chamber.

8. In a boiler including a fire box and water legs at the sides and end of the fire box, a water table communicating with the water legs and forming the bottom of the fire box, a burner wall formed in the water table and having a burner opening therethrough, and a burner extending through the opening.

9. In a boiler including a fire box and water legs at the sides and end of the fire box, a water table comprising spaced sheets forming the bottom of the fire box and providing a water space communicating with the water legs, flash and burner walls formed by said sheets to provide a fuel combustion chamber, a burner extending through the burner wall, and refractory material lining the flash walls for receiving the flame from the burner and maintaining temperature of the combustion chamber above the combustion point of the fuel admitted to the burner.

10. A boiler including a fire box, water legs at the sides and end of the fire box and a barrel portion having a throat, a water table directly connecting the water legs and the throat comprising peripheral shelf portions and a central depressed portion forming a combustion chamber, and air jets extending through the shelf portions at the sides of the combustion chamber for admitting combus- Eon-supporting air to the combustion cham- 11. A boiler including a fire box, water legs at the sides and end of the fire box and a barrel portion having a throat, a water table directly connecting the water legs and the throat comprising peripheral shelf portions and a central depressed portion forming a combustion chamber, air jets extending through the shelf portions at the sides of the combustion chamber for admitting combustion-supp0rting air to the combustion chamber, and conduits extending through the fire box and communicating with the shelf portions and with the boiler above said shelf portions for circulating water from the depressed portion of the water table to a point above the shelf portions.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature.

HENRY V. STEVENS.

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