US2367559A - Steam generator - Google Patents

Description

Jan m, i945- J. P. BADENHAUSEN S TEAM GENERATOR Filed July l5, 1943 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 Y pas Jan. 16, E945., .1. P. BADENHAUsl-:Nl

STEAM GENERATOR Filed July 15, 1943 s sheets-sheet. 2

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B www Jan. i6, 1945 J. P. BADENHAUSEN STEAM GENERATOR Filed July 15. 1945 3 Sheets-Sheet 5 Patented Jan. 16, 1945 "UNITED STATES 'y PATENT OFFICE STEAM GENERATOR John Phillips Badenhausen, Philadelphia, Pa. Application July 15, 1943, serial No. 494,794

7 Claims.

This invention relates to steam generators and more particularly to steam generators which are particularly adapted for the burning of coal or other fuel.

Itis the principal object of the present invention to provide improvements in steam generators which will be suitable for use in steam generators employed in stationary service and which will also be suitable for use in steam generators employed in mobile service, in locomotives, and in other portable power plants.

It is a further object of the present invention to provide a steam generator ,which will have a rapid and effective circulation and which will be eflicient in the generation of steam.

It is a further object of the present invention to provide a steam generator which will have a high eiiiciency over a wide range of operating loads.

It is a further object of the present invention to provide a steam generator having an improved character of arch.

It is a further object of the present invention to provide an improved low-head type of steam generating unit.

Other objects of the present invention will be CTI apparent from the annexed specification andl claims.

The nature of characteristic features of the invention will be more readily understood from the following description, taken in connection with the accompanying drawings forming part hereof, in which:

Figure 1 is a vertical central sectional view, taken from front to rear, of a preferred embodiment of the steam generator of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a vertical transverse sectional View taken approximately on the line 2-2 of Fig.- l;

Fig. 3 is a vertical transverse sectional View taken approximately on the line 3--3 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 4 is a vertical transverse sectional View taken approximately on the line 4-4 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 5 is a horizontal sectional View taken approximately on the line 5-5 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 6 is a View on a larger scale of one of the arch blocks as seen in front elevation;

Fig. '7 is a view in end elevationk of the arch block shown in Fig. 6; l

Fig. 8 is a View on a larger scale of another of the arch blocks as seen in front elevation;

Fig. 9 is a view in end elevation .of the arch block shown in Fig. 8;

Fig.A l0` is a transverse vertical sectional view sho-wing the application of the present invention to locomotivesv and taken approximately on the line Ill- I0 of Fig. 11; and

Fig. 11 is a longitudinal vertical sectional view taken approximately on the line I I -I l of Fig. 10.

It will, of course, be understood` that the description and drawings herein are illustrative merely, and. that various modifications and changes may be made in the structure disclosed without departing from the spirit of the invention.

Referring more particularly to the drawings, in which a preferred embodiment of a steam gen erator in accordance with the present invention is. illustrated., a front wall I5 is provided. The front wall I-5..is preferably provided, between the top and bottom thereof, with a suitable aperture I6 for the delivery of fuel through the pipe I1 into the furnace for combustion. Side walls I8 and I9 are provided which extend upwardly from the door 20 and inclined upper wall sections 2| and 22 extend inwardly toward each other. The top wall sections 2| and 22 are preferably connected by a curved top wall portion 23.

An upper steam and water drum 24 is provided and is disposed at right angles to the front wall I5 and with its longitudinal Aaxis parallel to the side walls I8 and I9. The drum 24 preferably extends forwardly to and beyond the front wall I5 upon which it rests.

A stifiener plate 25 is preferably provided on the exterior of the front wall I5 for aiding in the support of the front end of the steam and water drum 24.

A pair of spaced lower headers 26 and 2'I are provided in the side walls I8 and I9. The headers 26 and 2l extend rearwardly from the front wall' I5, parallel to the steam and water drum, then inwardly and then again parallel to the steam and water drum 24 and are spaced inwardly from the side walls I8 and I9 as at 261L and 27a. The side walls I8 and I9 and the inclined upper wall sections 2| and 22 are Apreferably lined with banks of steam generating tubes 28 and 29 which extend from the lower headers 26 and 2l, upwardly along the side walls I8 and I9 and then along the inclined wall sections 2| and22. The tubes- 28 and 29 have their interior in communication with the interior of the steam and water drum 24.

4A central wall 35 is provided, transversely disposed With respect to the steam and water drum 24 and intermediate the ends thereof. The central wall 35 is preferably constructed of interlocking blocks, particularly if the steam generator is intended for mobile service. The wall 35 extends upwardly to the desired extent and is spaced from the steam and water drum 24 to permit the passage of gases thereover, as hereinalter more Iully pointed out. The wall 35 forms the rear boundary of the main combustion space 36.

fi grate of any preierred character is provided, the`grate 3l being inclined downwardly from the front wall l5 to the central wall 35 and air is admitted through the grate 31 for coinbustion or' the ruel. Ari ash collecting space 38 is provided below the grate 31.

An arcli 4U is provided extending forwardly and upwardly from the central walr and for supporting and cooling the arch 40 a plurality of banks of steam generating tubes 4I and 42 are provided. Certain oi' the tubes of these banks, as 4l, extend upwardly from the lower header 26 with S curved portions, then across the space between the side walls I8 and I8 and'towards" the side wail le as at sie at the desired level substantially horizontally, then upwardly along the upper portion or the side wall I9 as at 4|, then along the inclined upper Awall sections Z2 and into communication with the interior of the steam and water drum 24. Others of the tubes or the bank of tubes, as at 42, extend from the lower header 21 to tlie corresponding levels then across towards the side wall I8 as at 42 substantially horizontally, then upwardly along the other side wall It as at 42, and tnen upwardly along the inclined wall portion 2| and into communication with the steam and water drum 24.

'ihe substantially horizontal portions 4Ia and 42LL of the tubes of the banks of tubes 4I and 42 are disposed at the respective levels desired to space the arch 4t from tne grate 31.

Refractory blocks 5U, shown in detail in Figs. 6 and 1, are provided, and are supported on the substantially horizontal portions 41a and 42a of adiacent pairs of tubes of the banks of tubes 4I and 42 to provide the flat stepped portions of the arch 40. The blocks 50 include a central body portion with upper and lower flat faces 5I and 52 and with outwardly extending flanges 53 along the sides. The flanges 53 are shaped so as to contact the substantially horizontal portions 4Ia4 and 42a of the tubes 4l and 42 on upper quarters of the circumference of the tubes 4I and 42 at each side and downwardly between pairs of spaced tubes 4I and 42. The spaces between adjacent tubes of different levels are preferably bridged by refractory blocks 55 of the type shown in Figs. 8 and 9 which have the upper surfaces flat as at 56 and inclined as at 51, have tube engaging flanges 58 and 59, have a 'block engaging flange 60 along one side thereof, and have lower inclined faces 6I.

In the space to the rear of the intermediate wall 35 and above the level of the headers 25 and 21, banks of tubes 65 and 66 are provided as illustrated in detail in Fig. 3. The general arrangement of the tubes 65 and 66 is generally similar to that of the tubes 4I and 42 shown in Fig. 2.

The tubes 65 and 66 respectively extend upwardly from the lower headers and then substantially horizontally' across the space between the side walls I8 and I9 and then upwardly as at 65b and Elib to the steam and water drum 24. The substantially horizontal portions 65a and 66a of the tubes 65 and 66 are spaced and staggered and disposed at different levels to provide a screen for separating the stream of gases passing thereover.

A combined boiler and superlieater section is provided to the rear of the tubes 65 and 66 and between the side walls I8 and I9. For this purpase the lower headers 26 and 21 are offset inwardly and then extend parallel to the remaniing portions of the headers as illustrated in Figs. ll and 5 as at 26a and 21a. The space between the walls I8 and IS at this location is provided at the center thereof with banks of steam generating tubes 68 which extend from the lower header 2ba to the steam drum 24 thereabove and banks of tubes 69 which extend from the lower water header 2.1a to theisteam. drum 24 thereby providing convection heat transfer surface and additional steam generating capacity. The spaces outside the banks 58 and 69 on each side are provided with :banks of superheating tubes 10 which are Vconnected to the steam space of the steam and water drum 24' and to superheater headers 1I which extend parallel to the steam and water drum 24. rI'he gases in passing through this portion of the steam generator pass in part in contact with the tubes of the banks of tubes 88 and E9 and in part in contact with the superheater tubes 10.

To the rear of the steam generating tubes B8 and 69 an econornizerv section 15 is provided for extracting further quantities of heat from the burning gases.

The rear end of the steam and water drum 24 may be supported in any desired manner. For some types of installation adequate support will be furnished by the tubes of the banks of tubes 68 and G9 but for other types of installations a stiifener plate 16, suitably braced, may be provided. The stiffener plate 1S preferably has asuitable aperture 11 therethrough for the pas sage of the gases from the economizer 15 to an induced draft fan 18 which is used for setting up the desired draft conditions within the interior of the steam generator.

In Figs. 10 and 11 the invention is illustrated with particular reference to a locomotive boiler having a combustion space 36 and a grate 31.

The locomotive boiler consists of an external curved sheet 8D forming the top and sides with an internal curved sheet 8I spaced from the external sheet 80 and joined at the bottom to provide water cooled side walls 81 and 88 and a steam and water space 89 at the top. An outer front sheet 33 connected to the external sheet 80 and an inner front sheet 84 connected to the internal curved sheet 8| are also employed. These sheets 83 and 84 are spaced to provide a front water cooled wall and have a fuel inlet opening I6 therethrough. The rear end of the rebox has the usual tube sheet 85 therein from which re tubes 85 extend forwardly of the locomotive in the usual manner.

A central wall 35 is also provided which extends upwardly from the rear end of the grate 31 and an arch 40 is provided similar to the arch heretofore described. Tubes 4I and 42 are provided which extend respectively from the side walls 81 and 88 across the space therebetween substantially horizontally at the desired levels and then upwardly along the side walls 88 and 81 to the steam and water space 89. Refractory blocks 5D are employed for filling the spaces between the tubes 4I and 42 at each level and the spaces between the tubes at different levels are bridged by refractory blocks 51. The gases are thus confined and are required to pass around the free edge of the arch 40 and over the top tlieerof before passing into the fire tubes 86.

It will be noted that the arches 40 are simple in construction, are adequately supported, that the blocks 50 and 55 are cooled and that the tubes 4| and 43 used for cooling add to the steam generating surface.

I claim:

l. In a steam generator, side walls, an upper longitudinally extending seam and water drum, spaced lower headers extending parallel to said drum, banks of steam generating tubes extending from said headers to said drum and providing side wall tubes, banks of tubes each having a lower portion extending upwardly from one of said headers and along a side wall having a transverse portion extending substantially horizontally intermediate said drum and said headers, each of said tubes also having `an upper portion extending upwardly and into communication with said drum, each of said upper portions being respectively disposed on the opposite side from the correspond ing lower portion and refractory blocks spanning the space between said transverse portions and supported by said transverse portions of said tubes.

2. In a steam generator, a front wall having a fuel inlet opening, spaced side walls, a top wall portion, an upper steam and water drum in said top wall portion extending from said front wall and parallel to said side walls, spaced lower water headers extending parallel to said drum, banks of steam generating tubes extending from said headers to said drum and providing side wall tubes, a grate beneath the front portion of said steam and water drum, banks of tubes each having a transverse portion extending substantially horizontally intermediate said drum and said grate and from one side wall to the other side wall, each of said tubes also having an upper portion extending upwardly along the other side wall and into communication with said drum, and refractory blocks extending between said side walls and spanning the space between said transverse portions of said tubes and supported by said transverse portions.

3. In a steam generator, a front wall having a fuel inlet opening, spaced side walls, a top wall portion, and a grate extending rearwardly from said front wall, a transverse central wall at the rear of said grate, an upper longitudinally extending steam and water drum, spaced lower headers extending parallel to said drum, banks of steam generating tubes extending from said headers to said drum and providing side wall tubes, banks of tubes each having a lower portion extending from one of said headers and along one side wall and having a transverse portion extending substantially horizontally intermediate said drum and said headers and above said grate,

said tubes also each having an upper portion extending upwardly along the other side wall and into communication with said drum, and refractory blocks extending between said side walls and spanning thev space between the transverse portions of adjoining pairs of tubes and supported by said transverse portions, said transverse portions of said tubes and said refractory blocks providing an arch extending forwardly from said central wall and above said grate.

4. In a steam generator, parallel side walls, an upper steam and water drum parallel to said side walls, spaced lower-headers extending parallel to said drum, banks of steam generating tubes extending from said headers to said drum and providing side wall tubes, a combustion chamber at the front portions of said side walls and banks of steam generating tubes extending from said lower headers to said steam and water drum, said last last named banks including tube portions extending substantially horizontally and from one side wall to the other side wall and then upwardly along said other side wall and to said drum.

5. In a steam generator, parallel side walls, an

upper stream and water drumparallel to said side walls, spaced lower headers extending parallel to said drum, banks of steam generating tubes extending from said headers to said drum and providing side wall tubes, said steam generator having a combustion chamber at the front end thereof, banks of steam generating tubes extending from said lower headers to said steam and water drum in a portion of the space between said side walls, certain of the tubes extending from one lower header upwardly along the contiguous side wall, then substantially horizontally across the space between the side walls and then upwardly along said other side wall and to said drum, and certain of the tubes extendingk upwardly along the other side wall, then substantially horizontally across the space between said side walls and then upwardly along the sidewall opposite said other side wall and to said drum.

6. In a steam generator having a steam and water compartment and a combustion chamber, side walls and a grate forming walls of said chamber, an arch forming an upper Wall of said chamber, said arch comprising spaced steam generating tubes having portions disposed substantially horizontally in the space between said side walls, and refractory blocks having body portions extending downwardly between said horizontal portions of said tubes and projections extending outwardly from said body portions and in engagement with said horizontal tube portions for supporting said blocks, and steam generating tube portions connecting said horizontal tube portions and said compartment and extending upwardly along said side walls.

'7. In a steam generator having a steam and water compartment, a combustion chamber, parallel side walls, a grate forming the lower wall of said chamber, and an arch above said grate forming an upper wall of said chamber, said arch comprising steam generating tubes uniformly spaced in groups at different levels with the tubes in each group having substantially horizontal portions extending between said side walls, refractory blocks carried by adjoining tubes at said horizontal portions and extending between said side walls, said blocks having body portions extending downwardly between said horizontal tube portions and flanges in supporting engagement with said horizontal tube portions, and steam generating tube portions connecting said horizontal tube portions and said compartment and extending upwardly along said side walls.

JOHN PHILLIPS BADENHAUSEN.

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