US1814097A - Gas burner - Google Patents

Description

July 14,1931. G. E. sElL. l* l 1,814,097

l I GAS BURNER Filed Feb. 15, 1929 ii'wsi Il hln Patented July 14, 1931 UNITED STATES GILBERT E. SEII., F CONSHOHOGKEN, IPENITSYLVLNIA y ens BURNER Application led February 15, 1929. Serial No. 340,037.

Myinvention relates to gas burners, but

more particularly and primarily to burners whereln the air for supporting combustion is delivered at high temperatures; for example, temperatures ranging from 2000o Fahrenheit upwards. Although the burner has been designed primarily for use when the air for supporting combustion is supplied at high temperatures as suggested it is to be understood that devices embodying the invention are notl limited to use with air at such high temperatures but the same are well adapted for use when air at lower temperatures (even ordinary room temperature) 1s employed. i

' The lburner is particularly adapted for use in the heating of furnaces wherein bricks or other articles of refractory material are burnt, As they are removedfrom. the furnace they pass through a'fiume or conduit throu h which air for cooling the same is causeto iow. The said fiume leads to the 'rear side of the burner and the air is drawn therefrom and therethrough by the suction action of the gas as it is 'discharged from the burner, as hereinafter will be set forth. In other words, the construction of the burner is such that the discharge of combustible gas therefrom operates to create a suction upon 3 the air and cause its iow through the flume to and through the burner concentrically with the gas to 'eifect thorough intermingling' thereof with the combustible gas, whatever its character, which is delivered from the burner. Y

The general object of the invention is to provide a burner of simple but novel construction of a character such that the discharge of the combustible gas therefrom operates to create a suction effect whereby air lis drawn thereto and therethrough tosupply the o gen necessary for effecting combustion o the gas.

It also is an object of the invention to rovide a burner of novel constructionv inclu ing means whereby the flow of combustible gas therefrom operates to induce a flow of air through the burner whereby intermingling 5o thereof with the gas is eiected.`

A further obect of the invention is to provide a structure of novel character having means whereby a primary and a secondary induction ofair and the intermingling thereof with the fuel are effected by the iow of fuel from a. burner constituting a part of 65 the structure.

Another object of the invention is to provide a struct-ure of novel character including means whereby the amount of air induced by the iow of combustible gas from the burner and caused to intermingle with the said gas may be regulated and controlled as re uired for efficient combustion.

still further object of the invention is to provide a gas burner, from which a combustible gas is adapted to be discharged at high velocity, having means whereby the discharge of such gas from the burner induces a high velocity currentv of air in the same direction, the streams of gas and air uniting with great turbulence whereby complete and thorough intermixing thereof is effected.

I have not undertaken to'point out here all of the various objects and advantages' which are incident to myinvention but other and further objects thereof will be specifically set-forth inthe detailed description thereof which follows or will be apparent from such description.

In order that the inventionmay be readily 90. understood and its manifold practical advantages fully appreciated reference should be had to the accompanyingV drawings wherein I have illustrated one mechanical embodiment thereof .in the form which is at present preferred by me.

In the drawings:

Fig. 1 is a'view in central longitudinal section of a structure includin a gas burner, embodying the invention, ta en on the line w 1-1ofFig.2; 5

Fig. 2 is a view partly in elevation and partly in section of the burner looln'ng from the left toward the right in Fig. 1 of thel drawings; v j' u Fig. 3 is a view in inside elevation ofthe rear section or part of the burner; and

Fig. 4 is a section taken on the line '4-4 of Fig. 2.

In the drawings I have shown a burner 1 is provided with a centrally located ta-` pered opening 6 the inner end of which terminates in a forwardly extending cylindrical portion 7. .The wall 8 which surrounds or forms the centrally located tapered opening 6 extends inwardly beyond the plane of the rear or inner side of the part or member 1. The said wall is tapered and inclined forwardly as indicated in Fig. 1 of the drawings. The section or part 1-is provided with an annular chamber 10 surrounding the rear or outer portion of the tapered wall 8. The other section 2 is provided upon the outer edge portion of its inner side with an annular groove or notch which provides a shoulder 11 which is adapted to contact with and lit tightly against the annular shoulder 5 of the section or part 1.I Preferably the fit should be so close as to require force to effect, engagement of the shoulders 11 and 5 in the manner as shown in Fig. lxof the drawings.

Such a t is necessary to prevent the escapel of gas as hereinafter will be apparent and obvious. The central portion of rthe inner or rear side of the section or part 2 is also hollowed out as indicated at 12, such hollowed out portion being in opposed relation to the hollowed out portion 4 of the member 1 so as to provide an annular chamber to receive gas from the gas supply pipe 15.

The section or part 2 is provided with a centrally located opening -16 into which the cylindrical projecting portion 7 located at the front end of the wall 8 projects. The section or part 2 is provided with an annular chamber 18. Partition walls 20 and 21 extend across the respective annular vchambers 10 and 18 provided in the two sections or parts 1' and 2 previously referred to herein.`

The inner wall of the section or part 1 is provided with an opening 22 which is located near the outer edge thereof while the inner wall of the section or part 2 is provided with a similar opening- 23 which in the construction shown is located in opposed relation`to the said opening 22. Both of these openings 22 and 23 iare outwardlyfa's' indicated so that the surfaces thereof cooperate to form an annular groove which is angular in cross section as indicated.V Within this groove is placed an annular bushing 2A. f

vFor the purpose vof supplying Water -or other cooling vfluid to the annular chambers 10 and'18 a pipe 25 is employed from which to the partition wall 20. TheV fluid so delivered travels through the said chamber to a point in adjoining relation to the opposite side of the said partition wall and then Hows through the opening ofthe bushing 24 into the chamber 18 in adjoining relation to one side Iof the partition wall 21 and thence through the said chamberv to a point in adjoining relation to'the opposite side of the said partition wall 21 and thence outwardly through a pippe 26 through which the Huid may be either returned to the source or conducted away to some other point and discharged. i

In the construction as illustrated the pipe 25 through which the cooling fluid is supplied to the burner is shown as surrounding and neighborhood of the burner is necessary ifl the air supplied to and which surrounds. the burner is at a hi h temperature2 as usually will be the case wen the burner 1s employed for the heating of furnaces used in the indusin concentric relation-to the gas supply pipe trial arts; but if the air is employed at a lower temperature, for example, at room temperature, coolin thereof is not necessary and no means for t vided.

The 'gas for the burner is su plied under pressure to the annular'chamllier provided by the hollowedout annular ortions 4 and 12, previously referred to, an is discharged therefrom at relatively hi h velocity throuoh the narrow annularl origce 30 between t e forwardly 'projectin portion A7 and the adjoining portion ofte wall of the opening 16 of the member 2. The velocity at which at purpose need be prothe gas is discharged from the burner. de-

pends upon the pressure ofthe gas and also is 'affected by the width of the slit forming the orifice 30. Thepressure ofthe gas within the annular chamber of the burner may vary throughva wide range.` It has'been found that when producer gas is employed a pressure of one pound er square inch is sufcient to cause the dischar eof the Lsame from the orifice 30 at aveloclty high enough to induce allow of air through the center of tle burner in quantity suicient to su ply the oxygen reqlnsite for complete com ustion.. Of course it will be understood that the width ofthe slitforming the orice 30 should be. sufficientlynarrow to provide the required velocity of the-gas upon its'discharge. In other cases the, pressure should bc greater. Pressures as high as twelve vpounds and hig er pressures than that may be employed if found to be desirable or necessary. The purpose* isto cause discharge of the gas from jtheburxier at a velocity sufficiently lper square inchl have been employed high to induce such a {iow of air as will procombustion of the gas.

` It will be understood that when gas is dischargedv from the orifice 30 at what may be regarded as a high velocity a partial vacuum or decrease in air pressure is created in advance of the front or inner end of the cylindrical projection 7 which causes the air to flow with corresponding velocity through the burner, such velocity depending that the latter is broken up with considerable-even with great-turbulence, and a `thorough intermingling of the gas and'air thereby effected.

For the purpose of 'aiding in separating the parts 1 and 2 from each other I have provided upon the said parts projections 31 which extend radially from their outer edges or eripheries.

enerally the burner constructed and operated as hereinbefore described, which may be referred to as a primary induction means, will lsupply all of the air requisite to e'ect complete combustion of the gas, but there may be times when it will become desirable to provide a secondary induction means for supplying an additional quantity of air. In the construction as illustrated suchfsecondary induction means com rises a block 32 of refractory material in ront of the burner, which block is provided with a Venturi opening 33 in alinement with the central openin through the burner.v The diameter of the enturi opening-33 at its most narrow part preferably is greater than the diameter of the opening 16 through the section 0r part 2 of the burner. The. discharge of the gas and the air into the Venturi opening 33 effects an induction of air through the space between the front side of the burner and the rear side of the said block 32. By adjusting the burner toward and from the block to vary the width of the space between the adjoining side of the burner and the block the amount of air induced b the secondary induction may be varied, an thus the quantity of air which is combined with the gas regulated and controlled. l

The quantity of air 0r other gas containing oxygen discharged through the central openin of the burner in concentric relation with t e annular stream of gas discharged from the orifice 30 may be regulated by reducing the size ofthe tapered opening 6 `and of the opening through the cylindrical part 7 which projects forwardly from the inner or forward end of the tapered portion 8. The size or diameter of the said opening' may be varied by placing therein a lining y 34 such as is showrr in Fig. 4 of the drawings. The said lining is mounted removably in the said opening so that linings of different thicknesses may be employed to thereby vary, as ma be desired, the size of the opening throng which the air passes. The amount of air may be further varied and controlled'by adjusting the lining toward and from the opening through the burner. The lining also serves as a means for protecting or insulating the metal parts of the burner from the heat of the hot air which may surround. and be discharged through the burner;

I have referred heretofore to the fact that the discharge of the gas from the circular orifice 30 at high velocity as described creates a partial vacuum, in adjoining relation to the said orifice, which is cone-shaped. The apex of the said coneshaped vacuum space usually is located at a point in the Venturi opening or passageway 33 in the region of the portion 'of smallest diameter thereof.

It has been found by actual experience that the air is drawn by induction through the central opening in the burner at high velocity.- It will be apparent that upon the entry of the air into the cone-shaped vacuum space, produced interiorly lof the stream of gas in' adjoining relation to its point of origin, it vnot only expands but moves forward in the same direction as that of the stream of gas, and in expanding results in such turbulence as to effect com lete intermingling of the as and air. Suc thorough intermingling o the air, or other gas con taining oxygen, with the combustiblegas conduces to and brings about complete combustion whereby the efficiency of the burner in the production of hi h temperatures is enchanced to a substantial degree.

By the employment of a burner of the construction and operating. according to the principle disclosed the quantity of air necessary to supply oxygen in a quantity 4suflicient to combine with the combustible gas to effect complete combustion thereof is supplied without the aid or use of pumps or other mechanical means. That not only is a circumstance and factor increasing the economy of operation but it is a factor of eat importance when the air which is supplied' to the burner is of high temperature,

as heretofore mentioned. In the handling of air at such temperatures it might be difficult to provide pumps or other mechanical means for that purpose,-at any rate, it would be necessary to rovide cooling means for such pumps or otlier mechanical means and the provision of suchcooling means would involve greater or less expense and the operation thereof would involve a continuing expense. Therefore it\will be apparent that by my invention I have provided a burner which not only operates with great ehciency in the combustion of gases but by its use various expenses heretofore necessary to be incurred may be avoided.

A'construction such as that above described embodying the invention is of especial advantage in cases where the gas and air pres sures in front of the burner are or may be greater than the pressures on the opposite side thereof. Under such conditions the products of combustionwould tend to ow back or in the reverse direction into and through the air opening of the burner. In the construction embodying my invention the air is drawn forward by the suction action of the stream of gas as it is discharged from the burner with such force and with a velocity suiiicient to prevent a back iow of the gaseous productsof combustion.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

A device of the character described, comprising a gas burner comprising two sections and having means for securing said sections together, the said sections having annular hollowed out portions upon their inner sides which cooperate to form an annular chamber adapted to hold gas under pressure, each of the said sections having central openings which extend therethrough, one of the said openings being tapered and terminating in a projection which extends into the inner endof the opening of the other section and being-spaced therefrom to provide an orifice through which gas is adapted to be discharged from the said annular chamber, and the said burner also comprising chambers therein which are adapted to receive and through which a cooling iuid is adapted to pass, a pipe for supplyin gas to the irst named chamber, and a pipe or supplying a cooling'fluid to the second named chambers, the said last mentioned pipe surrounding and` being concentric with the pipe for supplying gas to the said first named chamber. A

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my invention I haye hereunto signed my name this 12th day of February, 1929.

GILBERT E. SEIL.

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