US1811689A - Manufacture of sheets or films - Google Patents

Manufacture of sheets or films Download PDF

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Publication number
US1811689A
US1811689A US300932A US30093228A US1811689A US 1811689 A US1811689 A US 1811689A US 300932 A US300932 A US 300932A US 30093228 A US30093228 A US 30093228A US 1811689 A US1811689 A US 1811689A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
film
bath
films
solution
cellulose
Prior art date
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Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US300932A
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English (en)
Inventor
Hands Henry James
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Spicers Ltd
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Spicers Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Spicers Ltd filed Critical Spicers Ltd
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US1811689A publication Critical patent/US1811689A/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L1/00—Compositions of cellulose, modified cellulose or cellulose derivatives
    • C08L1/08—Cellulose derivatives
    • C08L1/10—Esters of organic acids, i.e. acylates
    • C08L1/12—Cellulose acetate
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
    • C08J5/18—Manufacture of films or sheets
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2301/00—Characterised by the use of cellulose, modified cellulose or cellulose derivatives
    • C08J2301/08—Cellulose derivatives
    • C08J2301/10—Esters of organic acids
    • C08J2301/12—Cellulose acetate

Definitions

  • esters or eth-ers of cellulose such as cellulose hath having the necessary characteristics
  • This invention relates to the manufacture of sheets of films of compositions'contalning acetate, by spreading a solution of such composition in a volatile solvent on a surface, drying off the solvent and removing the sheet or film from the surface.
  • the product after it leaves the aforesaid surface, is passed through an aqueous bath (preferably an electrolyte) capable of wetting the product, which bath is electrically connected to earth.
  • aqueous bath preferably an electrolyte
  • the bath is one which slightly alters the chemical composition of the surface layers of the product, for-example, it reduces an extremely thin layer thereof to cellulose, thereby more effectually removing the electric charge therefrom.
  • Such a bath may consist of an aqueous solution of a caustic alkali,or of an acid or an acid salt.
  • the product is afterwards immersed'in a neutralizing bath and is then washed with water and dried by means of hot air.
  • a further object of the invention is to provide methods of and means for removing the last traces of solvent from the product; this residual solvent being apt to cause cockling or distortion of the product and to impart odour thereto.
  • the product is passed through an aqueous oxidizing bath, for example, a bath containing hydrogen peroxide.
  • an aqueous oxidizing bath for example, a bath containing hydrogen peroxide.
  • the film 10 when stripped from' the endless band (not shown in the drawing) is passed around rollers 12 in a downwardlydirected loop through a tank 14 containing a solution of caustic soda in water which is electrically connected to earth as indicated at-l6.
  • the strength of this solution may.
  • the strength may be to 1 per cent. by weight for a time of immersion of about. 10 seconds.
  • the caustic soda may, if desired, be dissolved in an oxidizing bath consisting of an aqueous solution of about per cent. by weight of sodium'peroxide and 1 to per cent. by weight of sulphuric acid.
  • the bath is alkaline but contains hydrogen peroxide which it has been found assists in removing the last. traces of solvent from the film.
  • the oxidizing bath may be separate from the alkaline bath.
  • thefilm After leaving the tank 14, thefilm passes between Squeegees 18 which remove the bulk of the liquid adhering'thereto. It then passes around rollers QO'through a tank 22 containing an acid solution (for example very dilute sulphuric acid, one part of acid t'o four 1 capes from the tankthreugh a waste pipeaa The film then passes between a third pair of Squeegees 34 and enters a drying chamber 36 supplied with hot air through ducts 38 which enter the drying chamber from above and below. Within the chamber 36 the film passes in a zig-zag manner over and under a series of guide-rollers 40, and is finally Wound on a reel 42, or cut into length as desired.
  • an acid solution for example very dilute sulphuric acid, one part of acid t'o four 1 capes from the tankthreugh a waste pipeaa
  • the film then passes between a third pair of Squeegees 34 and enters a drying chamber 36 supplied with hot air through
  • caustic soda has the property of wetting the surface of the product. It also reacts chemically with it, reducing a very thin surface layer thereof to cellulose. It is believed that this'chemical action assists materially in the removal of the electric charge and that it renders the product less liable to acquire and hold a charge after treatment as it is liable to do owing (it is thought) to molecular changes undergone in the process of ageing. It is advantageous also to add a softening agent such as methylated spirit to the alkaline bath, for the purpose of assisting the aforesaid chemical action. The amount of spirit may be about one-tenth of the total volume of water.
  • an acid bath may alternatively be used. This may consist of a weak solution of an acid salt, for example, sodiumhydrogen sulphate.
  • the invention may advantageously be carried out in conjunction with that described in the specification of our co-pending U. S. Patent application Ser. No. 238,150.
  • the product is first subjected to the action of moist air or steam and is then passed through the aqueous bath or baths described herein.
  • a process of the type described for the manufacture of cellulose acetate films which consists in spreading in the form of a film on a supporting surface a solution of the cellulosic acetate in a volatile solvent, concentrating the solution by the evaporation of solvent therefrom, and removing the film from the supporting surface aforesaid and passing it through an electrically conducting aqueous bath which is capable of wetting the film and is electrically connected to earth.
  • a process of the type described for the manufacture of cellulose acetate films which consists in spreading in the form of a film on a supporting surface a solution of the collulosic acetate in a volatile solvent, concentrating the solution by the evaporation of solvent therefrom, and removing the film from the supporting surface aforesaid and passing it through an electrically conducting aqueous bath which is electrically connected to earth, and is adapted to wet the surface of the film and to alter slightly the chemical composition of its surface layer.
  • a process of the type described for the manufacture of cellulose acetate films which consists in spreading in the form of a film on a supporting surface a solution of the cellulosic acetate in a volatile solvent, concentrating the solution by the evaporation of solvent therefrom, and removing the film from the supporting surface aforesaid and passing it through an electrically conducting aqueous bath which is electrically connected to earth and is adapted to Wet the film and to alter slightly the chemical composition of an extremely thin surface layer by reducing the ester to cellulose.
  • a process of the type described for the manufacture of cellulose acetate films which consists in spreading in the form of a film on a supporting surface a solution of the cellulosic acetate in a volatile solvent, concentrating the solution by the evaporation of solvent therefrom, and removing the film from the supporting surface aforesaid and passing it through an electrically conducting aqueous bath which is alkaline and is electrically connected to earth.
  • a process of the type described for the manufacture of cellulose acetate films which consists in spreading in the form of a film on a supporting surface a solution of the cellulosic acetate in a volatile solvent, concentratin g the solution by the evaporation of solvent therefrom, and removing the film from the supporting surface aforesaid and passing it through an electrically conducting aqueous bath which is electrically connected toearth anl comprises a solution in water of caustic so a.
  • a process of the type described for the manufacture of cellulose acetate films which consists in spreading in the form of a film on a supporting surface asolution of the cellulosic acetate in a volatile solvent, concentrating the solution by the evaporation of solvent therefrom, and removing the film from the supporting surface aforesaid and passing it through an electrically conducting aqueous bath which is electrically connected to earth and comprises from one-half to one per cent solution by weight of caustic soda in water.
  • a process of the type described for the manufacture of cellulose acetate films which consists in spreading in the form of a film on a supporting surface a solution of the celluis adapted to Wet the softening agent.
  • losic acetate in a volatile solvent concen-' trating the solution by the evaporation of solvent therefrom, stripping the film from its 7 supporting surface, passing the film through an electrically conducting aqueous bath which is adapted to Wet the film and is electrically connected to earth, and treating the film with an aqueous oxidizing'solution to gelmove the last traces of solvent from th 8.
  • a process of the type described for the manufacture of cellulose acetate films which consists in spreading in the form of a film on a supporting surface a solution of the cellulosic acetate in a volatile solvent, concentrating the solution by, the evaporation of solvent therefrom, stripping the film from its supporting surface, passing the film through an electrically conducting aqueous bath which is adapted to wet the film and is electrically connected to earth, and thereafter passing the film through an aqueous oxidizing bath containing hydrogen peroxide.
  • a process of the type described for the manufacture of cellulose acetate films which consists in spreading in the form of a film on a supporting surface a solution of the cellulosic acetate in a volatile solvent, concentrating the solution by the evaporation of solvent therefrom, and removing the film from the supporting surface aforesaid and passing it through an electrically conducting aqueous bath which is electrically connected to earth, film and contains a 10.
  • a process of the type described for the manufacture of cellulose acetate films which consists in spreadingin the form of a film on a supporting surface a solution of the cellulosic acetate in a volatile solvent, concentrating the solution by the evaporation of solvent therefrom, and removing the film from the supporting surface aforesaid and passing it through an electrically conducting aqueous bath which is electrically connected to earth,
  • a process of the type described for the manufacture of cellulose acetatefilms which consists in spreading in the form of a film on a supporting surface a solution of the cellulosic acetate in a volatile solvent, concentrating the solution by the evaporation of solvent therefrom, removing the film from the supporting surface aforesaid and passing it through an electrically conducting aqueous bath which is electrically connected to earth and comprises a solution in water of caustic alkali, then treating the film in an acid solution in such manner as to neutralize any alkali adhering to its surface, thereafter washing the film with Water, and finally drying the film.
  • a process of the type described for the manufacture of cellulose acetate films which consists in spreading in the form of a film on a supporting surface a solution of the cellulosic acetate in a volatile solvent, concentrating the solution by the evaporation of solvent therefrom, removing the film from

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Moulding By Coating Moulds (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)
  • Treatments Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)
US300932A 1927-08-30 1928-08-20 Manufacture of sheets or films Expired - Lifetime US1811689A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB22742/27A GB301439A (en) 1927-08-30 1927-08-30 Improvements in or relating to the manufacture of sheets or films of composition containing cellulose esters or ethers

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US1811689A true US1811689A (en) 1931-06-23

Family

ID=10184366

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US300932A Expired - Lifetime US1811689A (en) 1927-08-30 1928-08-20 Manufacture of sheets or films

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US1811689A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR659387A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB301439A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NL (1) NL23368C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2634221A (en) * 1948-07-13 1953-04-07 Du Pont Film washing process
US2923109A (en) * 1955-12-08 1960-02-02 Tru Scale Inc Apparatus and method for cleaning abrasively treated plastic webs
US2936468A (en) * 1956-04-18 1960-05-17 Du Pont Apparatus for washing film
US3104603A (en) * 1961-02-23 1963-09-24 Photo Entwicklungsgerate Ag Method and apparatus for wetting sheets of photographic foil material

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2634221A (en) * 1948-07-13 1953-04-07 Du Pont Film washing process
US2923109A (en) * 1955-12-08 1960-02-02 Tru Scale Inc Apparatus and method for cleaning abrasively treated plastic webs
US2936468A (en) * 1956-04-18 1960-05-17 Du Pont Apparatus for washing film
US3104603A (en) * 1961-02-23 1963-09-24 Photo Entwicklungsgerate Ag Method and apparatus for wetting sheets of photographic foil material

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB301439A (en) 1928-11-30
FR659387A (fr) 1929-06-27
NL23368C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

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