US1811580A - Method of and apparatus for making ferrules - Google Patents

Description

June Z3, 1931.

L. T. GoLDsBoRoUGH METHOD 0F AND APPARATUS FOR MAKING FERRULES 11 sheetssheet 1 Filed July `17, 1930 June 23, 1931. T, GoLDsBoRoUGH 1,811,580

METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR MAKING FERRULES Filed July 17, 1930 ll She'ets-Sheet 2 Gttorneg Hll mNV. mN

n.. VQ WI, IMQ QQ -Q\ 1 3Q Awa... l l .L

June 23, 1931. L. T. GoLDsBoRoUGH METHOD OF AND A-PPARAT'JS FOR MAKINGv FERRULES Filed July 17,' 1930 1l Sheets-Sheet 3 Gttorneg.

June 23, 1931.

L. T. GOLDSBOROUGH METHOD op AND APPARATUS Fon MAKING FERRULES Filed July 17, 1930 1l Shets-Sheet 4 June 23, 1931.

L. T. GOLDSBOROUGH METHOD v0F' AND APPARATUS FOR MAKING FERRULES l1 Sheets-Sheet 5 Filed July 17, 1930 mvenfor I Ira..

l l I l .NS

June 23, 1931, L. T. GoLDsBoRoUGH l METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR MAKING FERRULES Filed July 17, 1930 ll Sheets-Sheet 6 Isnnentor June 23, 1931. l.. T. GoLDsBoRoUGH METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR MAKING FERRULES ll Sheets-Sheet '7 Filed July 1"?, 1930 Lttorneg June 23, 1931. L.. T. GoLDsBoRouGH METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR MAKING' FERRULES (Hrw.

Gttorneg Junel23, 1931.. l L.. T. GoLDsBoRoUGH METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR MAKING FERRULES- vmaentor WN SSN@ MN 1l Sheets-Sheet 9 Filed July 17, 1930 NWS (Ittotneg Jane 23, 1931.

v L. T. GOLDSBOROUGH METHOD oF AND APPARATUS FOR MAKING FERRULES l1 Sheets-Shet 10 Filed July 17, 1930 June 23, 1931. L. T. GoLDsBoRouGH ,METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FIOR MAKING FERRULES Filed July 1.7, 1930 llSheebS-Sheeb 11 Patented June 23, 1931 LiLBuan r. GoLDsBoRoUGH,

orTBAL'rIi/ionn; MARYLAND Y Mnrnon orxann'nrranarus lron mantienen-nennst' Application filed July 17,

This invention relates to a method ofmal-V ing metallic ferrules for paint, varnish, kalsomine, whitewash, and f other brushes; to similar hollow metallic structures; and to a ,t machine for making the same.

The objects of the invention are:

First, the provision of a novel method of handling successive fiat-'metallic blanks, cut froma strip, in such mannerthat theyare 10 bent into proper ferrule shape with their ends bent in,;overlapped, and in close contact with each other and soldered `together in suchv position. Y

Second, the provision ofa method ofthe 15 character'indicated which may be` quickly,

easily, economically, eiiiciently and automati-V cally effected with but ay minimum of successive operating steps of a machine occupying but a minimum of floor space and requiring 20 a minimum of power.

Third, the provision' of a process 1n which all of the necessary steps areeffected by a single machine, the finished product being delivered thereby after the final step has been veffected therein.

Fourth, the provision of a machine for ef i fecting the several steps in theA process in which blanks cut from a flat metallic strip are fed along a horn and'iniproperl relation to Acertain cooperating mechanism and instrumentalities whereby each blank is correctly formed into proper'ferruleshape with its ends causedto be positively, forciblyV and unyieldingly overlapped and in contactwitli each other,and to uniformly apply flux and solder to the overlapped ends to firmly secure y them together.`

Fifth, the further provisiomin a machine of the character specifiedy above, of mechanismA for acting upon the ferrules, after the soldering process, to cause them to have flush inner faces with no offsets at the points where the ends `of the `blanksV are overlappedVV and soldered.V i 1 'i Sixth, thevprovision ofaf machine,as. set

forth, in which the various steps Vof the method outlined are expeditiously and eiiic ciently effected, one which has but a minimum number of'moving parts andino large reciprocating or rotating masses, elinrnnating-dan-` i following detailed-,description of thesuccesn 1930. serial' no.. liesa'ee;

gerousinertia forcesto be overcome, and one which -is Vsimple in-construction and operation, and which may be easily and readily installed, operated, repaired, or adjustedfwithout the employment of Aparticularly skilled mechanics or-.special tools. i

Seventh, other features and advantages of the method and meansy willbehereinafter apparent and manifestl themselves from the sive steps in the method and-the mechanism employed to effect the same, which will'nowl be particularly disclosed and also poln'ted'ut in-'the appended claims', Y

This invention is illustrat'edin the accompanying eleven sheets of drawings, in which:

, Figure l isa view, mainly inside Velevation but partly in vertical section, of themajorportion of a' machine constructed in yaccord- Y ance with the invention# Y y Figure 1FL is an end elevation" of a certain `hornand its mounting, and is taken looking in thedirection vof the arrow la, Figure l ;Y

Figure 1b is an enlarged verticahsectional H viewfofthe edge portion of a certain solder applyingroller,and illustrates the configuration of certain ribs thereon; I

Figure'lcisa view simi-1arte and a con- .tinuat-ion offFigurel, the showing Vof'this A.

figure being `of that portion of the machine) extending outwardly beyond Y the line G`-'-C 01" Figure-1; I Figure 1d is a face v iew of that portion of the machine `illustrated.in Figure 1, taken lookingiinthe direction ofthe arrow 12F-igw ,ure le, andwith certain otherportgions of the machine indicated inV dot-anjddash lines, in thebackground-g i' l f,

Figure lE isa-horizontal sectional view on i theeline'Ie-f1?,` Figure 1; Figure 2 isa front face view, but .partly in transverse vertical section, ontheline I-IL Figure l, of the major portion of the machine; v c 1 i Figure-3 isa rear face view ofV portion of the machine;

Y Figure l is a-horizontal sectional view on the line `IV-IV, Figure 1 ;A

the mai oriV Figure etais a view, partlyV inrtop plan and 1 l Y partly in brokenawaysection, of ateltaina- 'no portion of the mechanism shown in Figure 4;

Figure 5 is a fragmentary view, on a much reduced scale, of portions of the mechanism shown in Figure 4, as associated with their supporting and operating parts;

Figure 6 is a transverse vertical sectional view on the line V-VL Figure 4;

Figure 7 is a view similar to a portion of Figure 6, but showing certain of the parts in a different position;

Figure 8 is a similar view but showing the parts in a still different position;

Figure 9 is a similar view but showing the parts in yet another position;

Figures 10, 1()Z1 and 10b are fragmentary perspective views of a certain horn and suflicient cooperating mechanism to illustrate the various steps necessary in the entire process;

Figure 11 is a transverse vertical sectional view on the line Xl-XL Figure 10;

Figure 12 is a similar view on the line XII-XII, Figure Figure 13 is a similar view on the line XIII-XIII, Figure 10;

Figure 14 is a similar view on the line XIV-XIV, Figure 10;

Figure 15 is a similar view on the line XV-XV, Figure 10;

Figure 16 is a fragmentaryv top plan view of certain blank feeding dogs forming part of the machine;

Figure 17 is a side view of the horn shown in Figure 10;

Figure 17a is an enlarged view of a part of the lower edge of the same;

Figure 18 is an inverted plan View thereof;

Figure 19 is a transverse sectional view, on an enlarged scale, on the line XIXXIX, Figure 17;

Figures 19FL and 19b are successive face views of the blank, illustrating stages in its formation;

Figure 2O is a face view, partly in section, of a certain hammer forming part of the machine;

Figure 21 is a similar side view thereof;

Figure 22 is a complete side view of the same;

Figure 23 is a top plan view of the hammer;

Figure 24 is a top plan view, partly broken away and partly in section, of the solder pot and its mounting;

Figure 25 is a perspective view of certain control blades which guide the blank in its passage along the horn and through the machine;

Figure 26 is a perspective view of one of certain supporting brackets on which such control blades are mounted;

Figure 27 is a sectional view on the line XXVII-XXVII, Figure 4;

Figure 28 is asimilar view on the line XXVLI XXVIH, Figure 27;

serving in the filial step of the process of forming the ferrule, the parts being shown in inactive position;

Figure 30 is a similar view ot' a portion of the same, but with the parts shown in active position;

Figure 31 is a side view, partly in section,

f these parts;

Figure 82 is a face view of a portion of a certain bridge which cooperates with these parts;

Figure 33 is an enlarged sectional view on the line XXXHI-XXXHI, Figure 1; and,

Figure 34 is a sectional view on the line XXXIVHXXXIV, Figure 83.

Briefly stated, this invention consists in the method of n'ninufacturing a paint, or other, brush ferrule, or similar hollow metallic structure; and in machinery for effecting the saine; wherein a flat metallic blank, cut from a strip, is subjected to successive operations whereby it is lirst bent into inverted U- form; one of the depending wings is then tucked in; the other wing is then tucked in so as to overlap and be in contact with the end of the first wing; the relation of the overlapping and contacting wing ends is then reversed, the inner one becoming the outer one and vice versa, to insure a firm contact; the overlap is then treated with flux; then soldered; and linally that portion of the outer wing adjacent the soldered overlap is crimped inwardly to form a flush inner lace on the linished ferrule. These steps in the operation are performed in the manner and by the mechanism which will now be, in detail and with reference to the drawings, particularly described.

rlhe machine proper is mounted upon and supported by side frames 41, a transverse, frame having a rear face 42 and a front face 43, in which various frames are provided, bearings for a main drive shaft 44 and certain other shafts, as will, at intervals, appear, and upon which are mounted certain transverse supports. It is here noted that that end of the machine at which the ferrule forming blanks are supplied is referred to as tbe back77 of the machine, the opposite end thereof, at which the finished ferrules are delivered, being, consequently, the front.

rlhe mechanism, which may serve to cut the metallic strip into flat blanks of proper dimensions, may be of any desired type, and inasmuch as such mechanism forms no part of the present invention, it is merely indicated herein in proper relation to the rest of the machine. This mechanism consists of a feed trough 45, at the inner end of which operates a blade 46 to which reciprocating movement is imparted by means of an eccentric 47 and through the medium of an adjustable linl: 4S.

ceives rocking.inovementfrom the main drive shaft* 44 .throughithe' medium of interposed crankarm 5l, link 52, and rocker arm-153, as shown in Figure 8. The various parts of this strip cutting mechanism are mounted upon Aa frame 55,- and` in order-that .the size of the cut blanksniay be`varied,'this frameis vadjustable' from and towards another frame 54,

adjustment of these frames being effected-by means of opposed screw stems 56 (Figure 3),

`the inner ends of which are threadedly engaged'with the respective frames and the outer? ends of which are provided with hand wheels 57. l. 1 v Y sthe flat blanks arecut from theV strip,

they rest vupon the upper faces of the framesV 54 and- 551 and are step-by-step fed therealong by means 'of springiingers or dogs 58, upwardly extending, ratchet-like, from reciprocating barsA 59, (Figures l and 4), as disclosed, for example, in U. S. Patent No` l,629,8l3,to Stevenson, dated May 24, 1927, and which is the common practice in this class of inventions and foi-ms nov distinguishing feature of the presentA invention.V These spring lingers -finally'bring the blanks, in

turn, to the positionshovvnby dotted lines, j (The blanks will, from atV in Figure 4. nowV on, be referred-to in the'singulaiu as the blank, the treatment of each being identical in its" passage through' the machine).

Y The blank, when in position fr, is transversely disposed and above the inner end of the horn 611. This horn is provi-ded, at its innerend, with a Ydepending mounting portion 62 which is bolted, or otherwise scour-echteatransverse frame member 63.` `The main body of the horn 1s., in cross. section, of the nature of an I-beam. 1

Feeding of the blank from the position to ifs final delivery from the machine is cffected, in step-by-step manner, by pairs of oppositely disposed springpressed-.feeding dogs 64 vpivotally Vmounted (Figure 4) upon a pair ofreciprocatingfeed bars 65 which flank the horn 61.` These bars receive their reciprocatingymovement from the rocker shaft 49 in the manner? best shown .in Figure 5. Mountedupon the rocker` shaft 49 is" a iockerjarm 66 connected, byineans ,of alink 67 with a crosshead 68 secured,

:atfits outer ends, to sliding rods 69. The

forward ends` of these .rods have, adjust- `ably mounted uponA thennverticalf posts l7l tothe upper endsjof which' are secured inwardly projecting, adjustably mounted bars `72. The'dogcarrying feed bars 65 are attached, at theirV forward ends, t'o-th'esev bars 72 and are moved thereby. The feeding dogs 64 arepositioned, vertically, substantially in line with the center, orV channeled portion of the vh'o'rnf6l'.` (Figure 4"P)l-V rlfhis'fei'iables. themto secure -alrigidf'grip uponthe blafnlg infeedingit forward'along the horn.Y VOn 5 the-rearward" movement, the dogs lswing o-utthereby to the desiredrrposition. 7 and-8) The lower end of one wing is rst wardly, against the action of their springs, i

while passing over the folloi'vingblank inthe series, getting behind the same into gripping position. j

rlflie first operation upon` the blank takes place while it occupies the position x. (Figure 4), `While resting here, it is acted upon by vertically l reciproca-ting Wing Ibendin mechanism comprising a cross head 73 to the under face of? which are secured a pair of hanged bendingrails 74. (Figures l, 10 and 1l). This device is normally in elevated position, being so maintained `by'nieansof coiled springs. 75- (Figure 3), which engage the outer endsof wings 76 projecting'laterally fromthe cross headv 73. This head is provided Vwith an upwardly extending standard 77 which terminatesin a roller 78 bearing against a cam 79 mounted 'upon shaft 81 fed to its nent position,'whereat it is so acted upon as tohave the lower endsof its wings .bent inwardly, first one then the other, so

thatV theyare caused tooverlap. During its progress tothis point the blankis under the vertically retaining influence of a spring pressed bar 85'yieldingly carried by the cross head 73. rihis Vbar prevents vertical displacement of the blank. Also, during this stage of its progress, the blank comes under the laterally retaining influence of the-inner guide surfaces 86a, 86, of a pair ofiinboarded control blades 86 adjustablymounted upon brackets 87 (Figures 6, 7, 25, 26,27 and 28),

-and flanking thehorn 6l. These blades pie-v vent lateral displacement'of the blank. .As

the blank reaches this position and'restsit isv triply acted upon. v'Firstly and secondly, the lower ends ofv its wings are struck, in succession, by a pair of top formingtucking blades 88, beingsuccessively bent inwardly (Figures 6,

bentin around ythe .lowerfaceof the horn 61 (Figure 7'), and. then the lower end of the other wing is similarlyfbent in and over thebent-in end of the first wing. (Figure 8). These actions are effected by means of cams V89 and 89a (Figure 2) mounted, respectively, upon th'e'shaft 83and upon a similar shaft 83aV disposed at theopposite side 'of the Vmaioo chine but similarly driven, bymeans of bevel gears '84,and8'4a, from the main drive shaftV 44; These camsl89 and 89? bear, respectively,

' and underneath, as shown at 108.

upon rollers carried by the ends of adjustable turnbuckles 91 whose other ends are secured to slidable blocks 92 upon which the respective lap forming tucker blades 88 are mounted. (Figures 2, 6 and 7). The two cams are so timed, in respect to one another, that the blades 88 receive the desired successive actuation, and the rollers are, at all times, maintained in Contact with them by the action of springs 91a (Figure 2) secured to the upper ends of bars 91h, which are, at their lower ends, pivotally mounted upon the front frame 43 and which are provided, intermediate their length, with bearings 91c for the rollers at the outer ends of the turn buckles 91.

After the wing ends are overlapped, as just described, the third phase of the operation is effected. To insure that a firm contact between the overlapped ends be attained, the overlapped portion is now struck a sharp blow by a hammer block 93 adjustably and rockingly mounted within a frame 94 secured, loosely, upon the upper end of a slidably mounted bar 95 (Figures 1, 2, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 20, 21, 22 and 23), which bar is, in turn, adjustably mounted upon a plunger 96 (Figures 2 and 9), carrying a roller at its lower end contacting with the face of a cam 97 mounted upon a shaft 98. The plunger 96 is normally held in down, or retracted, position by means of springs 99 which engage the outer ends of wings 101 carried by the upper end of the plunger. The shaft 98 is rotated by means of a sprocket and chain drive 102 (Figure 3) from the shaft 88.

In order that the blow of the hammer upon the overlapped portion of the blank be of equal intensity from end to end, the hammer, adjustably mounted in the frame 94, is provided with an arcuate base 103 (Figure 21) adapted to rock upon the upper face of a plate 104 secured to the upper end of the bar 95. This construction renders the hammer self-levelling and insures the desired characteristic of its blow.

, roller contacting with a cam 107 mounted on the shaft 81. This cam 1s synchronized with the cam 97 in such wise that the plunger 105 will be depressed and held firmly against the upper face of the horn at the time the hammer blow is administered.

In order to allow compensation for the natural spring and resiliency of the metal of the blank, the horn, at the point where the foregoing operation takes place, has its lower portion somewhat cut away, both on the sides (Figures 6, 17, 17a, 18 and 19). This permits the fingers 88 to bend the wings of the blank inwardly beyond the perpendicular, in tapered relation, as shown in Figure 19, As soon as the lingers are retracted, after the striking of the hammer blow, the inherent resiliency of the metal causes the blank to assume the configuration shown in Figure 19", with its side wings perpendicular and parallel, which is the result desired.

The next stage of operation finds the blank again moved forwardly along the horn. During this movement it passes the vertical restraint of the bar 85 to the similar restraint of a similar bar 109, (Figures 1 and 10), spring mounted upon a bracket 111. The blank also passes from the lateral restraint of the surfaces 86, 86a of the inboarded control blades 86, see Figure 25, to the similar restraint of another pair of outboarded control blades 112, (Figures 4 and 25) similar in function to the blades 86 and likewise adjustably mounted upon the brackets 87. Said blades 112, 112 are provided with inner guiding surfaces 112a, 112, which give clearance and allow the spreading lug 116 on horn 61 to separate the lower overlapped free ends of the blank and with the cooperation of the depressing pin 117 on horn 61 the relative positions of the ends of the blank are changed for purposes to be hereinafter more particularly described.

During this period of the traverse of the blank, there is applied to its overlapped portion a coating of flux, this coating being applied by means of a friction wheel 113, (Figures 1 and 10) or similar device, which is rotatably and adjustably mounted upon a transverse shaft inside of a flux tank or reservoir 114 adjustably mounted upon a bracket 115. (Figure 1) Immediately after the application of the coating of flux, the overlapped ends of the wings of the blank are reversed, that is, the inner end at the overlap is caused to assume the outside position, and vice versa. This reversal of ends not only results in a more widespread and even distribution of the flux coating but insures a most close and tight contact of the overlapping ends as a result of the tendency towards outward thrust of the now inner end and the corresponding tendency towards inward thrust of the now outer end. To effect this reversal of ends, a laterally extending inclined spreading block 116 (Figures 10, 13, 17 and 18) is secured to the under face of the horn 61. This lug eX- tends towards the side originally occupied by the inner end of the overlap, and, as the blank is carried along the horn, this inner end is spread laterally and downwardly, out of overlapping position. (Figures and 13). Naturally, upon its release from the iniuence of the block 116, it must return to an outside relation with the end of the opposired outside overlapping position, as shown' i Y face of the rib. The molten solderris thus gradually' forced against the ends and be-V Y lapped ends. rlo-prevent kthe rearward drag site wing. In order that this return be not too abrupt, with the possibility of abutting, rather than overlapping, ends, a depressing pin 117 (Figures 10, 14, 17 and 18) is pro'- jected from the horn 61 at a point further along than the block 116, `but sufliciently close lthereto thatv the spreadend may` not snap back therebetween. The spread end rides over this pin 117, as shown in Figure 14, and. is thus gradually eased back into its dein Figure 15, and is pressed tightly against the horn by the inner surfaces 112D, 112"/of the outboarded control blades 112, 112, see

Figure 25.

With the'ends of the wings of the blank now flux treated and properly rand y tightly frictionally overlapped, they are, during the neXt step in theprocess, soldered together.

i This is accomplished by means of a rotating l soldering wheel 118 (Figures 1, 1b, 2, 10 and 24) positioned below the horn 6 1, mounted upona longitudinal shaft 119 within a pot or reservoir 121 -for molten solder, and driven :f by a sprocket and chain drive 122 (Figures 1,

2 and 24) from the shaft 83a. To insurea thorough and complete application of molten solder to the overlapped ends ofthe wings of the blank, the wheel 118 is provided, upon its 't periphery, with an' upstanding rib 123 (Figures 1, 1b, 10 and 24) which rib is, in cross section, inclined upon one face and abrupt upon the other, as best shown in Figure 1b.

As the wheel rotates,the bearing point of the f rib upon theoverlapped ends travels toward the yrearand in the ,direction of the inclined tweenl'thfe overlapped portions, with progressively increasingpressure, insuring the desired application of solder andcreating a firm and rigid union Vor joint of the overof the rib 123 from displacing or moving the blank .rearwardly along thek horn, the restraining bar 109 is provided-with a spring catch 124 (Figures 1 and 10) under which the blank may freely pass, in its forward movement, but which will snapdown in back of the blank and hold it in proper position.

The solder pot or reservoir isniounted upon the bracket 115, and thel solder ismaintained in molten condition by heat from a burner 125 (Figure 1), also mounted upon the brack-A et 115, and to which gaseous or liquid fuel of anyavailable type is supplied' from any convenient source. To provide ready accessto 1 the interior ofthe pot 121, ,forV inspection, solder supply, or other purpose, vtliercontrol blades 112 are provided Vwith apertures (Figures 4 and 25) whicharefpositioned"immediately above the pot. 1 `j Y As the soldered` blank passes along theliorn, after `the soldering operation, the joint is preferably-wiped by -muslin wheel127 (Figures 1, 1210*- and 24,), which is rotated, against `theforward movement of the blank, by any suitable chain or belt drive, such as indicated, at 128, in Figures land 24, from Vany desired and convenient one of the rotating, shafts ofthe machine. This feature of the invention, while not essential, will insure a smooth, clean and even outer'surface upon desired. i Y Another optional feature of the invention resides in the provision of a blower 129A (Figures 1, 11` and 10a) through which'afblastof air maybe directed against the wiped joint to quickly cool the same. V

The next, and final, step in the invention, isvto so act upon the blank, (which, properly speaking, is nolonger a. blank but a ferrule, and willlienceforward be so termed) Athat'the outer overlapping wing will, at 'a (Figures 1d, 10b, 29, 30 and 31) carried by aA head` 133 adjustably mounted at the upper` end of'a plunger`134 (Figures 1C and 1d) 'ade justably mounted upon the upper end` of a bar Y135 whose lower end contacts withi a` cam 136 mounted on the shaft98.

As the soldered ferrule is carried along the horn to apoint' above the head 133, ithas an internal offset, as shown Vin `Figure 29. The cani 136V now acts to raisefthe mechanism, the yielding block 132 bears against the joint' of the ,ferrule holding Yit firmly against the bottom of the horn and the crimping linger 131` is pressed against theouter wing, crimping it in against the lower faceof the horn, assliown in Figure 30, with the result that a smooth and flush inner faceis provided within the ferrule, wherein the bristles of the brush and the cementing compound willla'er be placed.

To insure an even `pressure of the crimping finger 131 upon the ferrule, it is provided with an arcuate, base 137 (Figure '31) upon which it may rock upon the face of thehead fair blow.

.133, and'thus be self-levelling,Yandbutt atrue -To prevent spring oryieldingV ofthe horn while thecrimping operation is taking place,

the soldered'joint, and `is, consequently, to bel there is provided, inwardly beyond the position Voccupied by the ferrule,v`a yokelor bow 1,38Y (Figures 1, 1d` and 32)v 4,which embracesV ,the horn .and has secured to it a notched ad! justa-ble bearing blockm 139 4adapted'fto be broughtinto contactwith the upper face of the horn and rigidlyliold thehorn againstall movement oi` vibration. Vertical movement of the yoke is controlled by mea-ns of an eccentric 141 on the shaft 98 (Figures 1, 33 and 34) which eccentric rotates within a ring 142 `idjustably mounted upon the lower end of a reciprocally mounted rod 143, the upper end of which carries the yoke 138. A. spring 144 (Figure 1C) aids in maintaining the yoke and its attendant parts in normally elevated or inoperative position.

Of course, it is to be understood that by means of the diiierent yielding and adjustable iiiountiiigs of various parts throughout the machine, it may be readily set to operate upon inet-al of any thickness for a. paint brush ferrule.

Itis also quite obvious that ferrules that are, for example, circular or oval in configuration, or any other customary form, may beV as readily fabricated by the practice of this invention as are the substantially rectangular ones illustrated. Nor need the fabricated ferrules be necessarily used for paint brushes, as there are other ways in which they may be utilized.

Likewise, it is obvious that many different arrangements of parts of the machine and variations in their size and relation may be eiieeted without any departure whatever vfrom the spirit of this invention. The specitic construction shown in the accompanying drawings and described in this specification is to be considered in no wise as a limitation of the invention, it having been elected merely tor the purpose of illustration. Many and sundry modifications of the invention will readily suggest themselves to those skilled in the art and will fall within the scope of the appended claims.

Vhat I claim is:

1. The mode herein described of making a tei-rule from a flat metallic blank, said mode consisting in bending such a blank at a point substantially midway of its length, overlapping the ends of such bent blank with a slightly curved surface contact to form an enclosed hollow structure tapered toward the overlapping ends, disengaging such .overlapped ends iii-oni each other, and permitting the same to frictionally re-engage in overlapping relation with the former inner end on the outer side and the former outer end on the inner side.

2. The mode herein described of making a errule from a flat metallic blank, said mode consisting in bending such a blank at a point substantially midway of its length, overlapping the ends et such bent blank with a slightlv curved surface contact to `form an enclosed hollow structure tapered toward the overlapping ends, disengaging such overlapped ends from each other, permitting the saine to frictionally re-engage in overlapping relation with the former inner end on the outer side and the former outer end on the inner side, and securing the re-engaged overlapping ends in such relation.

3. The mode herein described of making a ferrule Jfrom a iiat metallic blank, said mode consisting in bending such a blank at a point substantially midway of its length, overlapping the ends of such bent blank with a slightly curved surface contact to form an enclosed hollow structure tapered toward the overlapping ends, disengaging such overlapped ends from each other, permitting the same to frictionally re-engage in overlapping relation with the former inner end on the outer side and the former outer end on the inner side, and soldering the re-engaged overlapping ends in such relation.

4. The inode herein described of making a ferrule from a Hat metallic blank, said mode consisting in bending such a blank at a point substantially midway of its length, overlapping the ends of such bent blank to form an enclosed hollow structure, disengaging such overlapping ends from each other, permitting the same to frictionally re-eiigage in slightly curved overlapping relation with the former inner end on the outer side and the tei-nier outer end on the inner side, and o setting the outer end at a point adjacent its overlapping portion so that the enclosed hollow structure has a flush inner face.

5. The mode herein described of making a ferrule from a flat metallic blank, said mode consisting in bending such a blank at a point substantially midway of its length, overlapping the ends of such bent blank to form an enclosed hollow structure, disengaging such overlapping ends from each other, permitting the same to frictionally re-engage in slightly curved overlapping relation with the fermer inner end on the outer side and the former outer end on the inner side, securing the re-engaged overlapping ends in such relation, and oil' setting the outer end at a point adjacent its secured overlapping portion so that the enclosed hollow structure has :i Hush inner face.

6. The mode herein described of making a icerrule from a flat metallic blank, said inode consisting in bending such a blank at a point substantially midway of its length, overlapping the ends of such bent blank to torni an enclosed hollow structure, disengaging such overlapping ends from eachv other, permitting the same to frietionallv re-engage in slightly curved overlapping relation with the former inner end on the outer side and the former outer end on tlie inner side, soldering the re-engaged overlapping ends in such relation, and ofta setting the outer end at a point adjacent its soldered overlapping portion so that the enclosed hollow structure has a iush inner face.

7. The inode herein described of making a terrule from a fiat metallic blank, said mode consisting in bending such a blank at a point "1,811,580 f Y "M7,

substantially midway of its length so that it has two wings, overlapping the ends of such wings to form an enclosed hollow structure, disengaging the overlapping ends of the wings, and permitting the same to frictionally re-engage in slightly curved overlapping relation with the former inner end on the outer side and the former outer enden the inner side.

8. The inode herein described of'inaking a ferrule from a ilat metallic blank, said mode consisting in bending such a blank at a point substantially midway of its length so that it has two wings, overlapping the ends .of auch wings to form an enclosed hollow structure, disengaging the overlapping ends of the wings, permitting the same to frictionally reengage in slightly curved overlapping relation with the former inner end on the outer ide and the former outer end on the inner side, and securing the overlapping ends of the wings in such relation.

9. The Ymode herein described of making a ferrule from a iiat metallic blank, said mode consisting in bending such a blank at a point substantially midway ofits length so that it has two wings, overlapping the -ends of such wings to form an enclosed substantially rectangular hollow structure tapering slightly towards the overlapping ends, disengaging the overlapping ends of the wings, permitting the same to frictionally re-engage in overlappingV relation with the former inner end on the outer side and the former outer end on the inner side, and soldering the overlapping ends of the wings in such relation.

10. The combination, in a machine "for forming ferrules from flat, metallic blanks, of'a horn, of bla-nk feeding means cooper# ating withl said horn, blank bending means which bends and overlaps the free ends of a blank, and means for vtemporarily disengaging the overlapped ends'of the blank but permitting them to reengage in overlapping re- 1ation but with the former inner end on the outside and the former outer end on the in-` side.

11. The combination, in a machine for forming ferrules from yflat metallic blanks, of a horn,'of blank feeding means cooperating with said horn, blank bendingmeans which Y bends'and overlaps the free ends of a blank,-

means for temporarily.disengaging the overlapped ends of the blank but permitting them the former inner end on the outsideand the former outer end on the inside, and means-f for fiXedly securing the ends'in such relation. s

12.' The combination, in a machine for forming ferrules-from flat metallic blanks, of ahorn, of blank feeding means cooperating with said horn, blank bending means which bends'and overlaps the, free ends of a blank, means` for'` temporarily disengaging the overlappedVV ends ofthe blank b'utpermitting them to re-engage in overlapping Vrelation but withV the former inner end on @the outside andthe former outer end 0n the inside, and means for iiXedly solderingithe ends in such relation. 1

13. The combinatioiudn 2a machine forV forming feri'ules from `latmetallic blanks, of` a horn, means Aforfeeding .blanks along and on saidv horn, means for bending each blanly around said horn with'its `'free ends overlapped thereunder, and mea-ns carried said horn for temporarily disengaging the overlapped ends ofthe blank but permitting theinto re-engage in overlapped relation but with the former outer end on the inside and the former inner end ontheroutside.

14. The combination,A in a .machine for forming ferrules from flat metallic blanks, of a horn,rmeansfor feedingathe blanks along and onsaidhorn, means for bendi'uigeach blank ,around said `horn with iits 4freeends overlapped thereundenmeans carriedbysaid horn fortemporarily.disengag'i-ng the overlapped ends of thev blank but permittingthein to reengage in overlapped relation but with the former outer end on theinside :and `the former inner end on theoutside,l and means for iiXedly securing the ends in such: relation.

.15. Thecombination, inja lmachine. for forming ferrul'es from flat metallic blanks, of a horn, means forfeeding the blanks-along and `on said horn, means for bendingeach blank around said hornV with its `free ends overlappedthereundenfmeans carried bysaid horn for temporarilyl disengaging the o-verlapped endsof the blank but permitting them to relengage in.overlapped.relation-.but ,with the former outer end en ,the yinsideand the former.inner end 'on the outside, andnieans for fxedly-f soldering thel endsinfsuchrela.-

. cent its overlapping portion. to re-engage in overlapping relation but with Y to re-engage in overlapping relation but with the' former outer endk on the inside andthe former inner end onV the outside, means for `iixedly securing the ends in such relation, and

means for o" setting the Outer end at a point adjacent its overlapping and secured portion.

1S. The combination, in a machine for forming ferrules from flat metallic blanks, of a horn, of blank feeding means cooperating with said horn, blank bending means which bends and overlaps the free ends o'l" a blank, means for temporarily disengaging the overlapped ends of the blank but permitting them to re-engage in overlapping relation but withv the former outer end on the inside and the former inner end on the outside, means for iXedly soldering the en ds in such relation, and means for oli' setting the outer `end at a point adjacent its overlapping and soldered portion.

19. The combination, in a machine for forming ferrules from flat metallic blanks, of a horn, means for feeding blanks along and on said horn, means for bending each blank around said horn with its free ends overlapped thereunder, means carried by said horn for temporarily disengaging the overlapped ends of the blank but permitting` them to ree-engage in overlapped relation but With the former outer end on the inside and the former inner end on the outside, and means for off setting the outer end at a point adjacent its overlapped portion.

20. The combination, in a machine for forming ferrules from iat metallic blanks, of a horn, means for feeding blanks along and on said horn, means :for bending each blank around said horn with its free ends over lapped thereunder, means carried by said horn for temporarily disengaging the overlapped ends oi' the blank but permitting them to reengage in overlapped relation but with the former outer end on the inside and the former inner end on the outside, means for ixedly securing the ends in such relation, and means for oli' setting' the outer end at a point adjacent its overlapped and secured portion.

In testimony whereof, I hereunto aiix my signature.

LILBURN T. GOLDSBOROUGl-l.

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