US1804124A - Lubricating compound - Google Patents

Lubricating compound Download PDF

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Publication number
US1804124A
US1804124A US150621A US15062126A US1804124A US 1804124 A US1804124 A US 1804124A US 150621 A US150621 A US 150621A US 15062126 A US15062126 A US 15062126A US 1804124 A US1804124 A US 1804124A
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Prior art keywords
petroleum
oil
flash
lubricant
stearate
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US150621A
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George L Southard
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Classifications

    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M169/00Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
    • C10M169/02Mixtures of base-materials and thickeners
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2203/00Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2203/10Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
    • C10M2203/104Aromatic fractions
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2203/00Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2203/10Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
    • C10M2203/106Naphthenic fractions
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/10Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
    • C10M2207/12Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M2207/125Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of eight up to twenty-nine carbon atoms, i.e. fatty acids
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/10Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
    • C10M2207/12Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M2207/129Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of thirty or more carbon atoms
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10NINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2010/00Metal present as such or in compounds
    • C10N2010/06Groups 3 or 13

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a lubricating compound for general purposes, and is composed of a petroleum oil derived from crude petro leum which latter consists of approximately 33 of aromatic and unsaturated hydrocarbons, the remainder consisting of naphthenes and paraflines, with the naphthenes predominating.
  • a typical example of such crude petroleum 1 is found in the vicinity of Franklin, Pennsylvania and is known as Franklin heavy crude.
  • a crude petroleum of the class above identified is reduced by the process of disof preferably not less than 300 F. and it may have a flash test of preferably not above 650 F.
  • the reduced petroleum oil so obtained and used in the manufacture of my improved lubricant is not filtered.
  • the instances in which the foregoing specifications of preferred limits of flash point and preferred process treatment are utilizable' depend upon the particular purpose forwhich my improved lubricant is to be used.
  • a residual petroleum oil as defined in the foregoing, is mixed aluminium stearate in an amount ranging, by weight, from not less than 5% nor more than of the petroleum oil used.
  • the mingling of these ingredients may be. facilitated by means of suitable agitation and by the application of heat. This heat may be applied to the mixture, or may be applied separately to the ingredients, in which latter case the separately heated ingredients may be mingled by suitable agitation.
  • the degree of t e heat applied may vary to a wide extent, but preferably should not exceed the flash point of the petroleum oil. used, and in an case preferably not above 350 F.
  • Suitab e agitation ofthese ingredients may be accomplished by any mechanical or other means used in the compounding of oils and greases. 1
  • the petroleum oil which I have heretofore employed in the compounding of my imroved lubricant represents not more than a 5% residual product, by volume, of the crude petroleum inits natural state from which it tillation to a point where it has a flash test- Application filed November 24,1926. Serial No. 150,621.
  • Such crude petroleum referred to is composed of the naphthene element in a predominating measure; however, any non-asphaltic, mixed base crude petroleum having a mixture of'naphthenes andparaflines may serve as a base from which to derive' residual petroleum oil commonly known .as cylinder stock for use in the manu- 0o facture of my improved lubricant.
  • my im roved lubricant consist in the fact that it does not contain any lime soap, resin or fillers, is nonacid, non-corrosive, contains nothing injurious to metals, and no non-lubriacting ingredients of any nature whatsoever. Also, my improved lubricant is unusually efficient and economical because the residual petroleum is 0 preferably never less than by weight of lubricant, and averages preferably not less than 88% by weight, compared to the usual 40% to 65% petroleum oil content of many commercial solid oils or greases. 55
  • oil i'ngredientof this compound may have a flash point ranging from 300 F. to 650 F., or the range may be even greater than this; the cold test of the natural crude is approximately 40 below zero.
  • the oil contemplated being Franklin heavy reduced crude
  • the starate being the commercial aluminum stearate:
  • a lubricating compound consisting oii a petroleum oil having a flash test ranging between 300 F. and 650 F. derived from crude petroleum which latter consists of approximately 33% of aromatic and unsaturated hydrocarbons, and a naphthene-paraffin base with the naphthenes predominating, and an admixture of five per cent to twenty per cent aluminium stearate.
  • a lubricatin compound consisting of a substantially cru e petroleum in admixture with aluminum stearate, said petroleum havin a base consisting of naphthenes and para es, and from which the lighter fractions have been eliminated to an extent to produce the desired flash point through a range of temperatures from 300 F. to 650 F., said stearate being in such proportion by weight as to produce the desired cold test of the compound through a range of temperatures from the natural cold test point of said oil which is 40 F. below zero, up to zero.
  • a lubricating compound consisting of a substantially crude petroleum, in admixture with aluminum stearate; said petroleum having a base consisting of naphthenes and parafiines and from which the lighter fractions have been eliminated so as to cause the petroleum to have a flash test within the limits stated as may be required by the particular service for which the lubricant is intended, said stearate being in proportion ranging from 5% to 20% of the compound.
  • a lubricating compound consisting of a residue of a crude petroleum having a base' consisting of naphthenes and parafines which remains in the oil, a cold test of approximately 40 F. below zero and from which the lighter fractions have been distilled off to the extent causing the residue to have a flash test ranging through the temperatures of 300 F. and 650 F., with an admixture of aluminum stearate.
  • a lubricating compound consisting of a mineral oil that is the residue of a petroleum which in its natural state has a base consisting of naphthenes and paraflines with a cold test of approximately 40 F. below zero, and from which the lighter tract ions only have been eliminated to the extent to cause the residue to have a flash test from 300 F. to 650 F. with an admixture of aluminum stearate in any proportion that will cause the resulting compound to have a cold test ranging from said'natural cold test up to zero Fahrenheit.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)

Description

I Patented May 5,. 1931 PATENT .OFFIC GEORGE L. SOUTHARD, OF FRANKLIN, PENNSYLVANIA 'LUBBIGATING COMPOUND No' Drawing.
This invention relates to a lubricating compound for general purposes, and is composed of a petroleum oil derived from crude petro leum which latter consists of approximately 33 of aromatic and unsaturated hydrocarbons, the remainder consisting of naphthenes and paraflines, with the naphthenes predominating.
A typical example of such crude petroleum 1 is found in the vicinity of Franklin, Pennsylvania and is known as Franklin heavy crude. In the manufacture of my improved lubri-' cant, a crude petroleum of the class above identified is reduced by the process of disof preferably not less than 300 F. and it may have a flash test of preferably not above 650 F. Also preferably the reduced petroleum oil so obtained and used in the manufacture of my improved lubricant is not filtered. The instances in which the foregoing specifications of preferred limits of flash point and preferred process treatment are utilizable' depend upon the particular purpose forwhich my improved lubricant is to be used.
With such a residual petroleum oil, as defined in the foregoing, is mixed aluminium stearate in an amount ranging, by weight, from not less than 5% nor more than of the petroleum oil used. The mingling of these ingredients may be. facilitated by means of suitable agitation and by the application of heat. This heat may be applied to the mixture, or may be applied separately to the ingredients, in which latter case the separately heated ingredients may be mingled by suitable agitation. The degree of t e heat applied may vary to a wide extent, but preferably should not exceed the flash point of the petroleum oil. used, and in an case preferably not above 350 F. Suitab e agitation ofthese ingredients may be accomplished by any mechanical or other means used in the compounding of oils and greases. 1
The petroleum oil which I have heretofore employed in the compounding of my imroved lubricant represents not more than a 5% residual product, by volume, of the crude petroleum inits natural state from which it tillation to a point where it has a flash test- Application filed November 24,1926. Serial No. 150,621.
is reducedextracting the lighterffractions therefrom by the process of distillation, and need not be filtered. Such crude petroleum referred to is composed of the naphthene element in a predominating measure; however, any non-asphaltic, mixed base crude petroleum having a mixture of'naphthenes andparaflines may serve as a base from which to derive' residual petroleum oil commonly known .as cylinder stock for use in the manu- 0o facture of my improved lubricant.
The advantages of my improved lubricant are particularly distinguished by and note-= worthy in the fact that an unusually wide range exists between low cold test, that is to say, the temperature below which a solid lubricantcrumbles and no longer functions as a lubricant, and the melting point, namely the temperature at which a solid lubricant flows and therefore loses enough of its pro erty ofcohesion to no longer permit it to e classed as a solid lubricant.
Further advantages of my im roved lubricant consist in the fact that it does not contain any lime soap, resin or fillers, is nonacid, non-corrosive, contains nothing injurious to metals, and no non-lubriacting ingredients of any nature whatsoever. Also, my improved lubricant is unusually efficient and economical because the residual petroleum is 0 preferably never less than by weight of lubricant, and averages preferably not less than 88% by weight, compared to the usual 40% to 65% petroleum oil content of many commercial solid oils or greases. 55
As previously stated the oil i'ngredientof this compound may have a flash point ranging from 300 F. to 650 F., or the range may be even greater than this; the cold test of the natural crude is approximately 40 below zero.
- In a lubricant of this class these heat characteristics, both the melting point and the cold test, are important points. I am enabled to vary both of these heat characteris- 9 tics over a comparatively wide range, in three different ways, namely, by varying the flash point of the oil, by varying the relative quantity of stearate, or by employing both of these we expedients together.
Asspecific instances of said variations the following are given, the oil contemplated being Franklin heavy reduced crude, and the starate being the commercial aluminum stearate:
The figures given are approximate forthe reason that they vary somewhat between filtered and unfiltered oil, and the degree of purity of the stearate used. Temperatures of the heat characteristics are Fahrenheit.
350 flash oil 10% aluminum stearate Cold test 39 below zero Melting point 150 350 flash oil 20% stearate Cold test 30 below zero Melting point 190 440 flash oil 10% stearate Cold test 20 below zero Melting point 200 440 flash oil 20% stearate Cold test 10 below zero Melting point 220 Many other specific examples could be given but the foregoing are deemed fully suflicient to enable those skilled in the art to produce a compound having the desired heat characteristics.
Claims:
1. A lubricating compound consisting oii a petroleum oil having a flash test ranging between 300 F. and 650 F. derived from crude petroleum which latter consists of approximately 33% of aromatic and unsaturated hydrocarbons, and a naphthene-paraffin base with the naphthenes predominating, and an admixture of five per cent to twenty per cent aluminium stearate.
2. A lubricating compound produced from an oil derived from a crude petroleum having a naphthene-paraffin base which has been reduced by distillation to a flash test ranging from 300 F. to 650 F. as required by the purpose for which the lubricant is to be used, together with an admixture of aluminum stearate in a proportion by weight ranging between five percent and twenty percent of the mixture.
3. A lubricatin compound consisting of a substantially cru e petroleum in admixture with aluminum stearate, said petroleum havin a base consisting of naphthenes and para es, and from which the lighter fractions have been eliminated to an extent to produce the desired flash point through a range of temperatures from 300 F. to 650 F., said stearate being in such proportion by weight as to produce the desired cold test of the compound through a range of temperatures from the natural cold test point of said oil which is 40 F. below zero, up to zero.
4. A lubricating compound consisting of a substantially crude petroleum, in admixture with aluminum stearate; said petroleum having a base consisting of naphthenes and parafiines and from which the lighter fractions have been eliminated so as to cause the petroleum to have a flash test within the limits stated as may be required by the particular service for which the lubricant is intended, said stearate being in proportion ranging from 5% to 20% of the compound.
5. A lubricating compound consisting of a residue of a crude petroleum having a base' consisting of naphthenes and parafines which remains in the oil, a cold test of approximately 40 F. below zero and from which the lighter fractions have been distilled off to the extent causing the residue to have a flash test ranging through the temperatures of 300 F. and 650 F., with an admixture of aluminum stearate.
6. A lubricating compound consisting of a mineral oil that is the residue of a petroleum which in its natural state has a base consisting of naphthenes and paraflines with a cold test of approximately 40 F. below zero, and from which the lighter tract ions only have been eliminated to the extent to cause the residue to have a flash test from 300 F. to 650 F. with an admixture of aluminum stearate in any proportion that will cause the resulting compound to have a cold test ranging from said'natural cold test up to zero Fahrenheit.
In testimony whereof I aifix my signature.
GEORGE L. SOUTHARD.
US150621A 1926-11-24 1926-11-24 Lubricating compound Expired - Lifetime US1804124A (en)

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2514311A (en) * 1948-12-08 1950-07-04 Standard Oil Dev Co Process of manufacturing an aluminum base grease
US2708974A (en) * 1951-08-20 1955-05-24 Union Oil Co Treatment of oil-bearing formation
US4348237A (en) * 1980-06-20 1982-09-07 Conoco Inc. Additive composition and method of using same

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2514311A (en) * 1948-12-08 1950-07-04 Standard Oil Dev Co Process of manufacturing an aluminum base grease
US2708974A (en) * 1951-08-20 1955-05-24 Union Oil Co Treatment of oil-bearing formation
US4348237A (en) * 1980-06-20 1982-09-07 Conoco Inc. Additive composition and method of using same

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