US1804072A - Apparatus for electric cooling - Google Patents

Apparatus for electric cooling Download PDF

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Publication number
US1804072A
US1804072A US138227A US13822726A US1804072A US 1804072 A US1804072 A US 1804072A US 138227 A US138227 A US 138227A US 13822726 A US13822726 A US 13822726A US 1804072 A US1804072 A US 1804072A
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Prior art keywords
couples
cold
thermo
cooling
couple
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Expired - Lifetime
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US138227A
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English (en)
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Turrettini Horace Fran Adolphe
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B21/00—Machines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects
    • F25B21/02—Machines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects using Peltier effect; using Nernst-Ettinghausen effect

Definitions

  • the object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus for the production of cold by the utilization of the phenomenon, known under the; name Peltier effect,
  • the coolin substance consisting of a soldered joint etween two conductors of different compositions, does not undergo any physical or chemical change. There is no movement of..material.' There are no movable parts. Moreover, such apparatus can be utilized in any region of temperature, that is to .say, produce a cooling effect no matter what the original starting temperature.
  • Fig. 1 is a longitudinal section through an embodiment of my invention
  • Fig. 2 is a transverse section of an embodiment of my invention.
  • Figs. 3, 4, 5 and 6 are views similar to Fig. 1 of modified embodiments of my invention.
  • the cold produced at the joints of the two electrical conductors are by the Peltier effeet proportional to the intensity of the current.
  • the current produces, in the complete circuit, an amount of heat proportional to the square 40 of its intensity.
  • the joints which alternate with the cold joints are heated as the resultof what may be described as an inverse Peltier effect, the resulting heat being hereinafter called Peltier heat.
  • the cooling couples comprise two distinct regions, that in which the Peltier cold is concentrated and that in which the Joule and Peltier heats are dissipated into the surroundings.
  • the two metals In the region of the cold joints the two metals will have sections of substantially the same proportion as their resistances. This condition is essential in order to allow the employment of the best current intensity and diminish in the higliest degree possible the production of Joule heat and the conductance of heat from the hot to the cold region whereby the amount of decrease in the temperature of the latter would be diminished. In the case of certain metals or alloys it is possible to increase or decrease, up to about 10%, the cross section of that of the two metals having the greater resistance, the total cross section of the couple remaining the same. 'By the use of the aforesaid arrangement it is possible to pass the optimum current through the thermo-couple and to obtain the maximum lowering of temperature at the cold oint.
  • the cold region of the couples is immersed in a liquid contained in a container thermally insulated from the surroundings (as shown in Fig. 1) or in a container housed in a cold chamber thermally insulated from the surroundings (as shown in'Figs. 4 and 6).
  • the surrounding liquid serves as a heat insulator.
  • Figs. 1 and 2 show a couple having its two conductors formed from an alloy 2 of bismuth and antimony on the one hand and from antiform together a disc in two unequal sectors,
  • jacent part olithe conductors dip into a liquid to be cooled contained in a Dewar flask 5.
  • the terminals 7 and 8 are connected respectively to the positive and negative poles of a direct current generator, and a current is established proceeding from the bismuth to the antimony passing across the joint, which in-being cooled by the Peltier efi'ect lowers the temperature of the liquid.
  • the Dewar flask constitutes the cooling chamber of the system.
  • the hot region of the couple can be-immersed in a liquid bath the usual convection currents of which disperse the heat produced by the Joule effect and by the Peltier'efl'ect into the surrounding atmosphere. This arrangement can be seen in Fig. 3.
  • a second bank 9 of shorter couples forming a tube of which thejdints 1O of the first bank.
  • the conductors of bank 9 are themselves surrounded by a third bank of couples 11, the joints 12 of which stop at a certain distance from the joints 10 of the second bank, and so on.
  • the insulating 'material 12 separating the couples can be a solid substance as shown in Fig. 3.
  • diaphragms of insulating material 13 can be used as in F ig. 6 to separate the different liquid levels and prevent convection in the vertical direction; or the variation of density of the liquid withthe temperature may sutfice to maintain around, the region at the lowest level the longest couple, thatis at the lowest level, the region of greatest density and consequently the most cooled portion of the liquid (Fig. 4).
  • Apparatus for electric cooling by the utilization of the phenomenon known as the Peltier effect which comprises a thermocouple constituted of two difl'erent metallic 2.
  • Apparatus for electric cooling by the utilization of the phenomenon known as the Peltier effect which comprises a thermocouple constituted of a conductor of an alloy of bismuth and antimony and a second conductor of antimony, the cross section of said two conductors being substantially in the ratio as their resistances, an electrical connection of copper for joining the two parts of the thermo-couple at their cold joint, and a connector secured to the free end of each of the two conductors whereby'an external source of electricity can be connected to said thermo-couple for the production of a cooling effect.
  • Apparatus for electric cooling by the I utilization of the phenomenon known as the cured to the free end of each of the two me-' tallic parts whereby an external source 0 electricity can be connected to said thermo-' couple for the production of a cooling effect.
  • thermocouple constituted of two different metallic parts, the cross sections of said metallic parts being substantially in the same ratio as their resistances, an electrical connection for join- .ing the two metallic parts at their cold joint, a vessel containing liquid into which said thermo-couple dips, a connector secured to the free end ofeach of the two metallic parts whereby an external source of electricity can be connected 'to said thermocouple for the production of a cooling effect,
  • thermo-couples consti tuted of different metallic parts and of different lengths which have cold joints, said cold joints being staggered at different levels so that the shorter thermo-couples have a cooling effect on the,adjacent longer thermo-couples, the cross sections of the metallic parts of each of said thermo-couples being substantially in the ratioof the resistances of the 6.
  • thermo-couples for electric cooling by the utilization of the phenomenon known as the 'Peltier effect which comprises a multiplicity of closely adjacent thermo-couples constituted of different metallic parts and of different lengths which have cold joints, said cold joints'being staggered at diflerent levels so that the shorter thermo-couples have a cooling effect on couples, the cross sections of the metallic parts of each of said thermo-couples being substantially in the ratio of the resistances of the parts constituting each thermo-couple, a plurality of vessels containing a liquid and arranged at different levels for accommodating the cold joints of said thermo-couples, a receptacle surrounding all of the aforesaid parts, and connectors secured to the free ends of said thermo-couples whereby an source of electricity can be connected to said thermo-couples for-the production of a cooling effect.
  • the 'Peltier effect which comprises a multiplicity of closely adjacent thermo-couples constituted of different metallic parts and of different lengths which have cold joints, said cold joints'being staggered at
  • Apparatus for electric cooling by the utilization of the phenomenon known as the Peltier effect which comprises a multiplicity of thermo-couples surrounding each other and constituted of different metallic parts having cold joints and free ends, the cold joints of the outermost thermo-couples being located at higher levels than inner ones and the cross sections of the metallic parts being substantially in the ratio of the resistances of the parts constituting each of the corresponding thermo-couple, a plurality of vessels containing a. liquid and arranged at different levels for accommodating the cold joints of'said thermo-couples, a receptacle surrounding all of the aforesaid parts, and
  • thermocouples securedto the free ends of said thermo-couples whereby an external source of electricity can be connected to said thermocouples for the production of a cooling or freezing efi'ect.
  • thermo-couple HORACE FRANCOIS ADOLPHE TURRETTINL parts constituting the thermo-couple, a vessel containing a fluid into which said thermocouple dips, and connectors secured to the free ends of said thermo-couples whereby an external source of electricity can be connected to said thermo-couples for theproduction of a cooling effect.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Devices That Are Associated With Refrigeration Equipment (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
US138227A 1925-10-08 1926-09-28 Apparatus for electric cooling Expired - Lifetime US1804072A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DET0030908 1925-10-08

Publications (1)

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US1804072A true US1804072A (en) 1931-05-05

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US138227A Expired - Lifetime US1804072A (en) 1925-10-08 1926-09-28 Apparatus for electric cooling

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US (1) US1804072A (de)
BE (1) BE336803A (de)
FR (1) FR607335A (de)
GB (1) GB259564A (de)
NL (1) NL20473C (de)

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2635431A (en) * 1949-12-22 1953-04-21 Francis R Bichowsky Method and apparatus for interconversion of heat and electricity
US2734344A (en) * 1953-05-01 1956-02-14 lindenblad
US2800772A (en) * 1954-07-28 1957-07-30 Robert L Carroll Electronic heat pump
US2886618A (en) * 1953-11-20 1959-05-12 Gen Electric Co Ltd Thermoelectric devices
US2957315A (en) * 1958-06-25 1960-10-25 Ibm Apparatus for printing on heat sensitive media
US2975638A (en) * 1958-09-18 1961-03-21 Honeywell Regulator Co Electrical hygrometer device
US3064440A (en) * 1959-05-18 1962-11-20 Nuclear Corp Of America Thermoelectric system
US3088288A (en) * 1960-12-21 1963-05-07 Thore M Elfving Thermoelectric refrigeration system
US3140890A (en) * 1963-03-04 1964-07-14 Sidney A Schwartz Thermoelectric lift
US3146600A (en) * 1962-05-28 1964-09-01 Whirlpool Co Thermoelectric immersion cooler
US3203189A (en) * 1963-01-31 1965-08-31 Philips Corp Device for maintaining a constant temperature or density in a liquid
US3212999A (en) * 1957-07-30 1965-10-19 Rca Corp Purification apparatus utilizing a thermoelectric heat pump
US3248889A (en) * 1963-09-25 1966-05-03 Philips Corp Peltier cooling device
US3287473A (en) * 1961-12-26 1966-11-22 Martin Marietta Corp Method of molding bi-cellular thermoelectric couples
US20140311591A1 (en) * 2013-04-22 2014-10-23 Chart Industries, Inc. Liquid Natural Gas Cooling On The Fly

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2872788A (en) * 1956-02-23 1959-02-10 Rca Corp Thermoelectric cooling apparatus
US2903857A (en) * 1956-09-24 1959-09-15 Rca Corp Thermoelectric heat pump
US3199302A (en) * 1962-05-29 1965-08-10 Borg Warner Thermoelectric devices
DE1229555B (de) * 1963-06-04 1966-12-01 Ver Flugtechnische Werke Ges M Tauchkuehlgeraet

Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2635431A (en) * 1949-12-22 1953-04-21 Francis R Bichowsky Method and apparatus for interconversion of heat and electricity
US2734344A (en) * 1953-05-01 1956-02-14 lindenblad
US2886618A (en) * 1953-11-20 1959-05-12 Gen Electric Co Ltd Thermoelectric devices
US2800772A (en) * 1954-07-28 1957-07-30 Robert L Carroll Electronic heat pump
US3212999A (en) * 1957-07-30 1965-10-19 Rca Corp Purification apparatus utilizing a thermoelectric heat pump
US2957315A (en) * 1958-06-25 1960-10-25 Ibm Apparatus for printing on heat sensitive media
US2975638A (en) * 1958-09-18 1961-03-21 Honeywell Regulator Co Electrical hygrometer device
US3064440A (en) * 1959-05-18 1962-11-20 Nuclear Corp Of America Thermoelectric system
US3088288A (en) * 1960-12-21 1963-05-07 Thore M Elfving Thermoelectric refrigeration system
US3287473A (en) * 1961-12-26 1966-11-22 Martin Marietta Corp Method of molding bi-cellular thermoelectric couples
US3146600A (en) * 1962-05-28 1964-09-01 Whirlpool Co Thermoelectric immersion cooler
US3203189A (en) * 1963-01-31 1965-08-31 Philips Corp Device for maintaining a constant temperature or density in a liquid
US3140890A (en) * 1963-03-04 1964-07-14 Sidney A Schwartz Thermoelectric lift
US3248889A (en) * 1963-09-25 1966-05-03 Philips Corp Peltier cooling device
US20140311591A1 (en) * 2013-04-22 2014-10-23 Chart Industries, Inc. Liquid Natural Gas Cooling On The Fly
KR20160005715A (ko) * 2013-04-22 2016-01-15 차트 인코포레이티드 운용중 액체 천연 가스 냉각
US9869428B2 (en) * 2013-04-22 2018-01-16 Chart Industries, Inc. Liquid natural gas cooling on the fly

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Publication number Publication date
FR607335A (fr) 1926-06-30
GB259564A (en) 1927-07-21
NL20473C (de)
BE336803A (de)

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