US1803691A - Process and apparatus for plating wire - Google Patents

Process and apparatus for plating wire Download PDF

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Publication number
US1803691A
US1803691A US322365A US32236528A US1803691A US 1803691 A US1803691 A US 1803691A US 322365 A US322365 A US 322365A US 32236528 A US32236528 A US 32236528A US 1803691 A US1803691 A US 1803691A
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United States
Prior art keywords
wire
plating
electrode
solution
current
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US322365A
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English (en)
Inventor
Carl P Brockway
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WORLD BESTOS Corp
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WORLD BESTOS CORP
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Publication date
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Priority to US322365A priority Critical patent/US1803691A/en
Priority to GB36483/29A priority patent/GB344024A/en
Priority to DEW84348D priority patent/DE570409C/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US1803691A publication Critical patent/US1803691A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D7/00—Electroplating characterised by the article coated
    • C25D7/06—Wires; Strips; Foils
    • C25D7/0607—Wires
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S205/00—Electrolysis: processes, compositions used therein, and methods of preparing the compositions
    • Y10S205/918—Use of wave energy or electrical discharge during pretreatment of substrate or post-treatment of coating
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S29/00—Metal working
    • Y10S29/012—Method or apparatus with electroplating
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S76/00—Metal tools and implements, making
    • Y10S76/04—Chromium

Definitions

  • This invention relates to chromium plating and particularly to a continuous process for chromium plating wire;
  • the invention is illustrated particularly in connection with the process for chromium platingiron'wire to be used in a ballast tube for automatically regulating the current flowing through certain electrical circuits.
  • the chromium plating forms a mechanical case over the iron wire which prevents deterioration of the wire-due to oxidation, and also prevents the evolution and the occlusion of gases.
  • the plating will more closely adhere to the be insulated from the main plating circuit
  • Fig. 1 is a diagrammatical side view of apparatus for carrying out the process of the invention
  • Fig. 2 is a sectional view through the reverse current mechanism
  • Fig. 3 is a perspective view of one-of the electrodes
  • Fig. 4 is a sectional side view through the electrode shown in Fig. 3 with the insulators in position and a wire being drawn therethrough;
  • Fig. 6 is an enlarged sectional side view of a portion of that apparatus shown in Fig. 1 which is used for subjecting the wire to a vacuum; and Y Fig. 7 is a diagrammatical sectional side view of a portion of the apparatus shown in Fig. 1 and illustrating a modification of the process.
  • the apparatus for carrying out the process comprises a series of tanks through which the wire is adapted to be drawn.
  • the wire is held on a spool 10 and is led over a series of pulleys 11' and under a series of pulleys 12 so that it passes through first one tank and then another.
  • the first tank 13 I provide a solution of caustic soda for the purpose of thoroughly cleansing the wire before it reaches the plating process.
  • the next tank 14'clear water is provided to remove all traces of the caustic soda solution.
  • the third tank 15 I provide a solution of hydrochloric acid or other acid, if desired, to aid in removing all impurities from the surfaceof the wire.
  • next tank 17 I provide the apparatus for reversing the current through the wire, and this tank is filled with the plating solution, and the next tank 18 is a large tank which is filled with plating solution and which contains the electrodes for producing the plating action. through the plating solution I'again .wash it thoroughly in a tank 19 filled with clean water. The wire is then passed through the vacuum jarandbombarded with an electrical discharge.
  • the device tank 17 comprises a glass tube 20 which is placed in the solution so that it is entirely or almost entirely submerged, and in the center of this glass tube is placed a cylindrical insulator 21 made preferably of lava or other .insulating material which is impervious to the action of the plating bath.
  • This insulator is arranged to fit snugly within the glass tube and has a small hole extending axially through it through which thewire may pass as it is drawn down through the tube.
  • an electrode 22 which is preferably cylindrical and has an inturned flange which rests upon the insulator 21, leaving an opening through which the wire may pass without danger of touching the metal ofthe electrode.
  • a similar electrode 23 In the lower end of the tube below the insulator 21 is placed a similar electrode 23 in a position 'so that its inturned flange isadjacent the lower surface of the insulator 21.
  • the wire then passes downwardly through the hole 21' in the insulator 22 and passes the electrode 23 whichis charged positively from the main battery 30 which furnishes current for the plating process.
  • the efi'ect of the reversing current therefore, is in no way impaired, as would be the case where the wire is brought up into the atmosphere before it is subjected to the first step in the platmg process.
  • the wire is passed under a roller atthe bottom of the tube 20 and up ovr other rollers to guide it down again into the main.
  • each of these electrodes comprises a sheet metal support 31 which is so shapedthat it may be bent up to form a boxlike container having a bottom surface 32, sides 33, a front 34 which preferably does not extend higher than midway up of the sides 33, and a back 35 which extends upwardly, forming a tongue 36 which is provided with a plurality of holes 37", by means of which the whole container may be attached'to a bar 38 in order to rigidly support the electrodes in position in the tank -'.v i
  • the sides 33 of thigjcontainer are provided with holes 39 throughwhich the wire is adapted to pass and which form the points'at which the most concentrated plating occurs;
  • I have found it desirable to provide one or more friction plungers' to frictionally engage the wire, as merely I passing it over rollers does not give a sure enough contact so as. to produce an even, um:
  • a groove 41 is provided across the'upper surface of the insulator 40 just deep enough to permit a wire being drawn straight through the center ofthe holes 39 and resting in the groove 41.
  • the groove 41 is widened at the ends thereof as at 42, to form cavities 43 which permit some of the solution to surround the wire between the two sides 33 and the negative electrode.
  • a second insulating member 44 is provided to rest directly upon the face of the insulating me1nber40.
  • This member I preferably provide cylindrical in form, having an ex- .tended flange at its lower end whose diameter is slightly smaller than the opening between the sides 33, and whose upper end has a smaller diameter, as indicated in Figs. 1 and 4.
  • Axially through the center of the insulator 44 I provide a-hole 45 into which a friction plunger 46 is adapted to be inserted.
  • the plunger 46 is preferably made of steel and its lower end is hardened to prevent scoring of the plunger by the hard chromium plated surface of the wire.
  • the plunger is also provided with a binding. post 47 at its upper end by means of which it may be connected by a flexible wire 48 to a bar 49 which may in turn be connected tothe negative side of the battery 30 by means of the wire 50.
  • a plurality of these electrode members are preferably used, and these are mounted on a bar 38 in such a position that the holes 39 in each of the containers are aligned so that the wire may be drawn straight through the electrodes in succession.
  • the number of electrodes used depends on the speed at which it is desired to operate the apparatus as it is evident that the more electrodes that are provided the less time it will take to deposit a plate of a given thickness.
  • this cavity is full of plating solution, there of plating metal against the insulating member.
  • the wire After the wire is drawn through a series of electrodes it passes under a pulley 12 and E up out of the tank over thepulley 11. whence it may be drawn downwardly again through a tank 19 of clear water to remove any of the plating solution which may be adhering thereto.
  • the plating solution causes certain gases, such as hydrogen, to be occluded on the wire as it passes through the bath, and the wire may be caused to give up this hydrogen or other gases by subjecting it to electrical bombardment in a vacuum.
  • gases such as hydrogen
  • FIG. 6 This device is shown considerably en-' larged in Fig. 6, in which the bell jar 49 is shown mounted on the usual base 50 and has a pump 51 connected to the interior thereof to maintain the vacuum.
  • I provide a pair of mercury wells 52 and 53, respectively, placed at a considerable distance below the bell jar 49 and communicating with the interior thereof by means of glass tubes 54 and 55, respectively, which extend upthrough openings in the base 50 of the bell jar.
  • the wire is led down bracket 58 attached to the base 50, and down again through the glass tube 55,, into the well of mercury 53, under a roller 59, and up again overa roller 60 to a windingdrum not shown in the drawing.
  • the mercury in the wells 52 and 53 is drawn up in the tubes 54 and 55 to a height corresponding to the amount of vac;
  • an electrode which is sealed in the base 50 through an insulating tube 61 and which is connected by means of the wire 62 to-one end of the secondary 63-of an induction coil 64.
  • the primary 65 of this coil is connected through a make and break contact 66 to a source of current such as the battery 67 which furnishes the energy for the operation thereof.
  • the other end of the-secondary of the induction coil is connected by means of the wire 68 to the base of the bell jar 50, whereby a connection is maintained-to the wire through the bracket 58 and rollers .57, and when a high tension current is produced by operation of the induction coil'the discharge in the vacuum causes the whole interior of the bell jar to become luminous and operates to eliminate any of the gases mentioned above which may be held in the plated surface of the wire.
  • alternating current of commercial frequencies may be used for this purpose with good results instead of the high tension induction coil.
  • Fig. 7 a modified form of the invention in which the vacuum bell jar is provided immediately prior-to the plating operation. I have shown this step in place of the reversed current step as indicated in Fig. 1, although it is to be understood that both of these steps may be used in conjunction, if desired.
  • the mercury wells 52 and 53 are provided and the bell jar 49 and associated part similarly to that shown in Figs.
  • the wire passes adjacent an electrode which is relatively small but close to the wire so that the point at which the greatest plating action takes place is found at the point nearest to the electrode.
  • plating occurs, inasmuch as the conductivity of the solution will permit plating to occur at a considerable distance from the electrode.
  • the ess concentrated will be the plating, and hence, as the wire the same will be provided with asparsely settled region of chromium adjacent the wire core gradually increasing outwardly to a densely settled concentrated plating and again gradually thinning outwardly to a light sparse coating at the outside of the coating.
  • This particular form of plating will give a re siliency not found in an evenly applied plating, as for example, by a plating applied by an electrode which is equidistant from every pointon the surface of the wire.
  • the plating solution may be any desired solution for electrically performing the process of chromium plating.
  • One such solution having been found satisfactory is composed of 80 pounds of chromic acid, 2 pounds of chromic sulphate, 1.6 pounds of boric acid,
  • tanks 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 and 18 may be supported on a platform which may be raised or lowered at will so that the pulleys and electrodes may be in effect raised out of the solution to make adjustments and insert the wire preparatory to the plating process.
  • a process for plating objects with chromium which comprises subjecting the object toa relatively low current of electricity in a plating bath and gradually permitting the current to increase until a concentrated plating action takes place, whereby the plate is applied to the object in sectional areas varying in density.
  • a vessel containing plating solution means to pass the current first in one direction and then in the other through said solution and wire, comprising a tube of insulating material havinga restricted opening in the center thereof, an electrode on one'side of said opening,
  • a tank containing a quantity of plating-solution, an electrode in said solution, means topass a current between said electrode and the wire to be plated and through said solution in one direction, a second electrode in said solution, means to pass a current between said second electrode and said wire and through said solution in the opposite direction from said first current, and means to maintain said wire submerged between the action of the said two currents.
  • a vessel containing a quantity of plating solution, means to guide the wire through said vessel submerged in said solution, a hollow electrode surrounding said wire in said solution and in close proximity thereto, means to charge said electrode positively, and means adjacent and Within saidelectrode but insulated therefrom to negatively charge said wire.
  • a tank containing a quantity of plating solution, means to guide said'wire continuously through said tank submerged by-said solution, an electrode in said solution and surrounding said wire and in close proximity thereto, means to charge said electrode posi tively, means to charge said wire negatively at a point adjacent said electrode, and insulating means separating said electrode and said last mentioned means, said means being spaced from said wire adjacent said electrode for a portion of the distance between said electrode and negatively charging means.
  • a tank containing a quantity of plating solution, means to draw a wire continuously through said tank submerged in said solution, an electrode submerged in said solution surrounding said wire and in close proximity thereto, an insulating member adjacent said electrode and having an opening to permit said wire to be drawn therethrough, said opening being extended at the end ad]acent said electrode to prevent said wire from touching said insulatingmember at any point relatively near said electrode.
  • a tank containing a quantity of plating solution, an electrode submerged in said solution surrounding said wire and in close proximit thereto, an insulating member adjacent sai electrode and connected thereto and having an opening therethrough to receive said wire, said insulating member also having an opening therethrough at right angles to said wire opening, means to give said electrode a positive charge of electricity, a plunger positioned in the second opening in said insulating member and adapted to frictionally contact with said wire,. nd means to charge said plunger negatively.
  • a vessel containin and then in the other through said solution and wire, comprising a tube of insulating material having a restricted opening in the center thereof, an electrode on one side of said opening, means to connect a source of electric current in one direction between said wire and electrode, another electrode immediately on the other side of said restricted opening, means to connect a source of electric current between said wire and electrode in the opposite direction from thefirst current, and
  • a vessel containing a quantity of plating plating solution,- means to pass a current rst 1n one direction,
  • Means forcontinuously subjecting a wire to a vacuum which comprises a vessel containing a vacuum, an inlet tube leading into said vessel from a point considerably lower than said vessel, an outlet tube leading from said vessel to a point considerably lower than said vessel, means to guide the wire up through said inlet pipe and down through .said outlet pipe, a mercury seal in each of said tubes, means to connect the wire to one side of a source of electrical energy, and a terminal in said vessel insulated from said wire and connected, to the other side of said source.
  • a vessel contalmng a vacuum an inlet tube leading into sa1d vessel from a point considerably lower than sa1d vessel, an outlet tube leading out of sa1d vessel to a point considerably lower than sa d vessel, wells at the lower ends of both of sa d tubes, a quantity of mercury 1n each o f sa d wells, means to guide said wire down into sa1d inlet well and up said inlet pipe and down said outlet pipe andup through sa1d outlet well, whereby the weight of the mercury in the tubes maintains the vacuum 1n sa1d vessel, and means to electrically bombard sa1d wire while it is in said vessel.
  • the process of platlng a. w1re wh ch comprises passing. a wire cont nuously and successively through apertures in oppos te sides of a plurality of hollow electrodes and applying a negative charge to sa1d more at a. point within said electrodes.
  • the process of applying a relatlvel resilient plating of a metal to a wire wh1c comprises causing the w 1re to travel longtudinally in a predetermmed path, applying a relatively sparse coatingo the metal to the wire at a given point in said path, and applying a dense coatlng to the wire at-a polnt spaced from said' first-mentioned point in the direction of the line of travel of the wire whereby a coating is applied which 1s denser adjacent its surface than ad acent sa1d wire.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Electroplating Methods And Accessories (AREA)
  • Electroplating And Plating Baths Therefor (AREA)
US322365A 1928-11-28 1928-11-28 Process and apparatus for plating wire Expired - Lifetime US1803691A (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US322365A US1803691A (en) 1928-11-28 1928-11-28 Process and apparatus for plating wire
GB36483/29A GB344024A (en) 1928-11-28 1929-11-28 Improvements in or relating to methods of and apparatus for plating objects, such as wires
DEW84348D DE570409C (de) 1928-11-28 1929-11-29 Drahtgalvanisierungsverfahren

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US322365A US1803691A (en) 1928-11-28 1928-11-28 Process and apparatus for plating wire

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Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2431065A (en) * 1938-12-12 1947-11-18 Meaker Company Continuous wire and strip electro-processing machine
US2454935A (en) * 1945-06-27 1948-11-30 Meaker Company Continuous wire and strip electroprocessing machine
US2458908A (en) * 1944-11-13 1949-01-11 Crimora Res And Dev Corp Method of stripping electrodeposited manganese
US2492204A (en) * 1945-05-23 1949-12-27 Russell D Van Gilder Electrodeposition of gold on tantalum
US2790756A (en) * 1952-07-29 1957-04-30 Charles C Cohn Method and apparatus for electrolytic treatment of slide fasteners
US2946734A (en) * 1958-04-17 1960-07-26 United States Steel Corp Contact element for electrolytic processing of wire and the like
US3852170A (en) * 1970-11-13 1974-12-03 Bes Brevetti Elettrogalvanici Method and apparatus for carrying out continuous thick chrome plating of bar, wire and tube, both externally and internally
US4440613A (en) * 1982-05-03 1984-04-03 Chester Pilgrim Electroplating machine
US5948294A (en) * 1996-08-30 1999-09-07 Mcdermott Technology, Inc. Device for cathodic cleaning of wire
EP3205752A1 (de) * 2016-02-15 2017-08-16 Nexans Anordnung zur galvanischen abscheidung von metall auf kohlenstoffnanoröhrchenfasern

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1004881B (de) * 1953-02-12 1957-03-21 Indiana Steel & Wire Company I Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur kontinuierlichen elektrolytischen Behandlung von Drahtund drahtaehnlichen Koerpern

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2431065A (en) * 1938-12-12 1947-11-18 Meaker Company Continuous wire and strip electro-processing machine
US2458908A (en) * 1944-11-13 1949-01-11 Crimora Res And Dev Corp Method of stripping electrodeposited manganese
US2492204A (en) * 1945-05-23 1949-12-27 Russell D Van Gilder Electrodeposition of gold on tantalum
US2454935A (en) * 1945-06-27 1948-11-30 Meaker Company Continuous wire and strip electroprocessing machine
US2790756A (en) * 1952-07-29 1957-04-30 Charles C Cohn Method and apparatus for electrolytic treatment of slide fasteners
US2946734A (en) * 1958-04-17 1960-07-26 United States Steel Corp Contact element for electrolytic processing of wire and the like
US3852170A (en) * 1970-11-13 1974-12-03 Bes Brevetti Elettrogalvanici Method and apparatus for carrying out continuous thick chrome plating of bar, wire and tube, both externally and internally
US4440613A (en) * 1982-05-03 1984-04-03 Chester Pilgrim Electroplating machine
US5948294A (en) * 1996-08-30 1999-09-07 Mcdermott Technology, Inc. Device for cathodic cleaning of wire
US5981904A (en) * 1996-08-30 1999-11-09 Mcdermott Technology, Inc. Tandem cathodic cleaning device for wire
EP3205752A1 (de) * 2016-02-15 2017-08-16 Nexans Anordnung zur galvanischen abscheidung von metall auf kohlenstoffnanoröhrchenfasern

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Publication number Publication date
GB344024A (en) 1931-03-02
DE570409C (de) 1933-02-15

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