US1801808A - Process for covering metals or alloys with layers of metallic beryllium - Google Patents
Process for covering metals or alloys with layers of metallic beryllium Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US1801808A US1801808A US223836A US22383627A US1801808A US 1801808 A US1801808 A US 1801808A US 223836 A US223836 A US 223836A US 22383627 A US22383627 A US 22383627A US 1801808 A US1801808 A US 1801808A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- beryllium
- metal
- melt
- article
- alloys
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229910052790 beryllium Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 32
- ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N beryllium atom Chemical compound [Be] ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 31
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 23
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title description 23
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 15
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 title description 8
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 7
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title description 7
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 21
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 11
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 6
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 229910000952 Be alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001573 beryllium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- JZKFIPKXQBZXMW-UHFFFAOYSA-L beryllium difluoride Chemical compound F[Be]F JZKFIPKXQBZXMW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910001633 beryllium fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 2
- -1 great hardness Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[Na+] PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241000899771 Arenga undulatifolia Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000006873 Coates reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001508 alkali metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000008045 alkali metal halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000110 cooling liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001879 copper Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002505 iron Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007790 scraping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013024 sodium fluoride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011775 sodium fluoride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
- C25D3/66—Electroplating: Baths therefor from melts
Definitions
- My invention relates to a process for c'overing metals or alloys with layers of metallic beryllium.
- thisproblem is solved b immersing the article in a melt produce by the application of heat and which consists of at least one halide of an alkali metal or of an alkaline earth metal and a beryllium compound and electrol n this melt with the article to be coate COD.
- the cathode nected as the cathode. It is essential that the temperature of the'bathbe kept during the electrolysis below the fusing point of the article to be coated.
- the blast of cold air or gas is sufiicient to keep,
- the character of' the beryllium coating may be modified orimproved by carrying out the electrolysis at a temperature either slightly or far below the fusing point of the article to be coated.
- the deposited layer is then always smooth, very dense and adheres firmly to the metallic surface. Generally it is's'uflicient to maintain the electrolysis during a few seconds only. Should it, however, be desired to obtain a more substantial coating of beryllium the duration of the electrolysis may be correspondingly extended, for instance up to a few minutes. Parts of the melted salt or a light film of oxides which may happen to adhere to the deposited layer may be removed by sudden immersion into a cooling liquid or mechanically by carefulscr'aping, bufling or the like.
- the extremely hard beryllium coating is smooth and firmly adheres to the metallic surface. According to the difference between the temperature at which the electrolysis coated. In this case the deposited metal diffuses more or less deeply into the base metal and may even form an alloy with it. This layer of alloy is then particularly strong and sion it imparts to the surface of the coated metal or metal alloy the characteristic qualities of pure beryllium alloys with such metals, such as great hardness, imperviousness to corrosion and so on.
- the process is referably carried through at temperatures of the bath which lie as far as possible below the fusing point of the metal to be covered.
- the desired temperature ratio may be attained by an appropriate cooling of the article to be coated and connected as the cathode.
- there is formed upon the base metal a surface coating of pure beryllium which is of great hardness andadheres firmly,'but does not alter the characteristic qualities ofthe foundation metal.
- a fusing point such as aluminium, copper, iron and the like.
- My improved process may, however, also be employed for numerous other metals or metal alloys.
- suitable electrolytes for the production of beryllium coatings the halides of beryllium are used with special advantage. According to the nature of the metal to be coated the fusing point of the melt used may be varied by adding to the beryllium compound or compounds one or more halides of the alkali metals or of the alkaline earth metals.
- a layer of another metal is first deposited upon the article to be coated, for instance by electrolysis in an aqueous bath.
- metals are particularly suitable which on the one hand adhere firmly to the base metal due to surface diffusion and on the other hand have the property of absorbing beryllium.
- Metals such as iron, copper and mckel are particularly suitable for this intermediate layer.
- a plurality of such intermediate layers may be provided.
- the article is covered with beryllium in the manner described above by electrolyzing the fused salts.
- Articles of molybdenum may first be galvanically plated with copper. The beryllium coating is then applied to this copper layer in the above described manner at a temperature of the bath of 700 to 800 C.
- Articles of tantalum may first be galvanically nickel-plated. The subsequent deposition of the coating of beryllium may preferably take place at a temperature of the bath of about 1100 C.
- intermediate layers may be produced upon vanadium, niobium and so on before the final coating of beryllium is applied to them.
- intermediate layers are advisable for such metal articles as melt considerably above the fusing point of beryllium (about 1285 C.). It will be understood that such intermediate layers may equally well be applied to articles which consist of alloys.
- I claim as my invention 1. The process of producing a permanently adhering coating of a beryllium allo upon a metal article having a surface whicl i readily alloys with beryllium, which consists in'preparing a melt of a sodium fluoride and beryllium fluoride kept liquid by the application of heat, immersing in said melt the article to be coated, connected as the cathode, and electrolyzing said melt with the aid of an insoluble anode whilemaintaining the melt at a temperature which lies below the fusing point of beryllium and slightly below the fusing point of the said article.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electroplating Methods And Accessories (AREA)
Description
Patented Apr. 21, 1931 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE HELLMUT FISCHER, 0F BERLIN-FRIEDEN'AU, GER-MANY, ASSIGNOR, BY MESNE ASSIGN- MENTS, TO METAL.& THERMIT' CORPORATION, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., A CORPORATION OF NEW JERSEY PROCESS FOR COVERING METALS OR ALLOYS WITH LAYERS 0F METALLIC BERYLLIUM No Drawing. Application filed October 3, 1927, serial No. 223,836, and in Germany August'20, 192G.
My invention relates to a process for c'overing metals or alloys with layers of metallic beryllium.
It is well known to produce coatings of aluminium or aluminium alloys by immersing the article to be coated in the melt of a sa t of the coating metal as free as possible from water and electrolyzing the melt or fused salt with the aid of soluble anodes of the coating metal, the article to be covered being connected as the cathode. This well known process is, however, not applicable to the production of perfect coatings of metallic beryllium or beryllium alloys, because it is necessary for this, purpose first to determine the correct temperature at which the electrolysis of the melt is to take place as well as the correct composition of the melt.
It is furthermore impossible to employ in this case soluble anodes as in the aluminium coating process mentioned above.
There is also known a process for producing tin or zinc coatings upon iron or steel articles for the purpose of preventing rust-.
ing or corrosion, by electrolyzing a melt. Apart from the fact that this process has a difi'erent object, it is also for the reasons specified above not directly applicable for producing perfect coatings of beryllium by means of electrolysis of a melt.
It is also well knownto separate beryllium in solid form by the electrolysis of a melt consisting of a beryllium-containing mixture of salts. Experiments have proved that this process is not directly applicable for the production of coatings of metallic beryllium upon articles of metal or metal alloys.
There existed thus up to now no process by means of which coatings or coverings of metallic beryllium useful for vengineering purposes could be produced-in a technical manner. i
According to my invention thisproblem is solved b immersing the article in a melt produce by the application of heat and which consists of at least one halide of an alkali metal or of an alkaline earth metal and a beryllium compound and electrol n this melt with the article to be coate COD.-
nected as the cathode. It is essential that the temperature of the'bathbe kept during the electrolysis below the fusing point of the article to be coated. Preferably the blast of cold air or gas is sufiicient to keep,
their temperature lower, for instance about 100 O., lower than the temperature of the melt.
The character of' the beryllium coating may be modified orimproved by carrying out the electrolysis at a temperature either slightly or far below the fusing point of the article to be coated. The deposited layer is then always smooth, very dense and adheres firmly to the metallic surface. Generally it is's'uflicient to maintain the electrolysis during a few seconds only. Should it, however, be desired to obtain a more substantial coating of beryllium the duration of the electrolysis may be correspondingly extended, for instance up to a few minutes. Parts of the melted salt or a light film of oxides which may happen to adhere to the deposited layer may be removed by sudden immersion into a cooling liquid or mechanically by carefulscr'aping, bufling or the like. The extremely hard beryllium coating is smooth and firmly adheres to the metallic surface. According to the difference between the temperature at which the electrolysis coated. In this case the deposited metal diffuses more or less deeply into the base metal and may even form an alloy with it. This layer of alloy is then particularly strong and sion it imparts to the surface of the coated metal or metal alloy the characteristic qualities of pure beryllium alloys with such metals, such as great hardness, imperviousness to corrosion and so on.
If, on the other hand, it is desired to obtain layers of pure beryllium, the process is referably carried through at temperatures of the bath which lie as far as possible below the fusing point of the metal to be covered. The desired temperature ratio may be attained by an appropriate cooling of the article to be coated and connected as the cathode. In this case there is formed upon the base metal a surface coating of pure beryllium which is of great hardness andadheres firmly,'but does not alter the characteristic qualities ofthe foundation metal.
The best results were obtained upon metals of not too low a fusing point, such as aluminium, copper, iron and the like. My improved process may, however, also be employed for numerous other metals or metal alloys. As suitable electrolytes for the production of beryllium coatings the halides of beryllium are used with special advantage. According to the nature of the metal to be coated the fusing point of the melt used may be varied by adding to the beryllium compound or compounds one or more halides of the alkali metals or of the alkaline earth metals.
As an example of my improved process I will now describe the production of a deposit of beryllium upon an article of copper. Sodium'fluoride and beryllium fluoride are mixed in the proportion of their molecular weights and the mixture is fused or melted in a crucible of graphite heated externally. The copper article to be coated is then immersed as the cathode into the liquid mixture and the graphite crucible is connected as the anode. After a short time, for instance after a few seconds, a dense and very firmly adhering coating of metallic beryllium or a copper-beryllium alloy is obtained which by careful bufiing or scraping may be cleaned from any adhering. traces of the salt.
If it is desired to modify or improve the physical properties of the beryllium coating so deposited, and particularly its hardness, the process is conducted as follows: a layer of another metal is first deposited upon the article to be coated, for instance by electrolysis in an aqueous bath. For such an intermediate layer metals are particularly suitable which on the one hand adhere firmly to the base metal due to surface diffusion and on the other hand have the property of absorbing beryllium. Metals such as iron, copper and mckel are particularly suitable for this intermediate layer. A plurality of such intermediate layers may be provided.
After such an intermediate layer complying with the specified conditions has been applied to the article, the article is covered with beryllium in the manner described above by electrolyzing the fused salts.
The following may serve as examples for the application of the last described process:
1. Upon an article of tungsten there is first deposited a layer of iron, for instance by the electrolysis of an aqueous solution of an iron salt, and upon this layer beryllium is deposited by the electrolysis of a melt kept liquid by heating to about 1200 0., the above specified temperature conditions being carefully observed.
2. Articles of molybdenum may first be galvanically plated with copper. The beryllium coating is then applied to this copper layer in the above described manner at a temperature of the bath of 700 to 800 C.
3. Articles of tantalum may first be galvanically nickel-plated. The subsequent deposition of the coating of beryllium may preferably take place at a temperature of the bath of about 1100 C.
In a similar manner intermediate layers may be produced upon vanadium, niobium and so on before the final coating of beryllium is applied to them. Generally speaking such intermediate layers are advisable for such metal articles as melt considerably above the fusing point of beryllium (about 1285 C.). It will be understood that such intermediate layers may equally well be applied to articles which consist of alloys.
Various modifications and changes may be made without departing from the spirit and the scope of the invention, and I desire, therefore, that only such limitations shall be placed thereon as are imposed by the prior art. It will be understood that for the purpose of my present invention, the halide of an alkaline earth metal is to be considered the equivalent of the halide of an alkali metal, and the appended claims are to be interpreted as covering such equivalent.
I claim as my invention 1. The process of producing a permanently adhering coating of a beryllium allo upon a metal article having a surface whicl i readily alloys with beryllium, which consists in'preparing a melt of a sodium fluoride and beryllium fluoride kept liquid by the application of heat, immersing in said melt the article to be coated, connected as the cathode, and electrolyzing said melt with the aid of an insoluble anode whilemaintaining the melt at a temperature which lies below the fusing point of beryllium and slightly below the fusing point of the said article.
2. In the production of a permanently adhering coating of a beryllium alloy upon a metal article, the process which comprises depositing a layer of a metal alloying with beryllium upon the article to be coated, preparing a melt from a beryllium halide and at least one alkali metal halide, maintaining said melt liquid by the application of heat and at a temperature slightl below the fusing point of said .article and elow the fusing Eomt of beryllium, immersing the article earing the said metal layer deposited thereon in said melt, the said article being connected as the cathode, and electrolyzing the said melt with the aid of an insoluble anode.
testimony whereof I afiix my signature.
HELLMUT- FISCHER.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE1801808X | 1926-08-20 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US1801808A true US1801808A (en) | 1931-04-21 |
Family
ID=7743915
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US223836A Expired - Lifetime US1801808A (en) | 1926-08-20 | 1927-10-03 | Process for covering metals or alloys with layers of metallic beryllium |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US1801808A (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3024177A (en) * | 1959-08-04 | 1962-03-06 | Gen Electric | Corrosion resistant coating |
| US3024176A (en) * | 1959-08-04 | 1962-03-06 | Gen Electric | Corrosion resistant coating |
| US3024175A (en) * | 1959-08-04 | 1962-03-06 | Gen Electric | Corrosion resistant coating |
| US3059325A (en) * | 1956-06-21 | 1962-10-23 | Taylor Tristram Allan | Heat resisting alloys |
-
1927
- 1927-10-03 US US223836A patent/US1801808A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3059325A (en) * | 1956-06-21 | 1962-10-23 | Taylor Tristram Allan | Heat resisting alloys |
| US3024177A (en) * | 1959-08-04 | 1962-03-06 | Gen Electric | Corrosion resistant coating |
| US3024176A (en) * | 1959-08-04 | 1962-03-06 | Gen Electric | Corrosion resistant coating |
| US3024175A (en) * | 1959-08-04 | 1962-03-06 | Gen Electric | Corrosion resistant coating |
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