US1799670A - Coking retort oven - Google Patents

Description

April 7, 1931. J, BECKER 1,799,670

COKING RETORT OVEN f Original Filed July 24, 1922 2 Sheets-Sheetl l Aprii 7, 1931. J. BECKR 1,799,670

GOK I NG RE'IORTv OVEN Original Filed July 24, 1922 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 ATTORNEY Patented Apr.- 7,. `1931 UNITED STATES PATENT oFFlcai Josnri: BECKER, or PITTSBURGH,

PANY, or PITTSBRG'H, 'rENNsYLvA ooxme REroRr OVEN- Original application led lTul'y 24, 1922,

The inventionhas for objects to provide an in'ipr'oved Acoke oven struct-ure, involving means for introducing'steam intothe-coking retorts'or chambers of the battery, the improvements contemplated by the invention providing a maximum yield of blue gas by insuring exceedingly-rapid cokingofthe coal in the lower portion of each retort or coking chamber, with the result that the coking op eration in the lower vregion of the retort is completed in advance of the coking in the upper region of the retort and the lower part of the charge is thus in condition for being steamed in the early part of the coking intcrval.

In addition to the general objects recited above, the invention has for further objects such other improvements or advantages in construction and operation as are found to so obtain in the st ructures and devices herein- Vafter described or claimed.

In the accompanying drawings, forming a part' of this specification and showing, for purposes ot exemplifcation, a preferred form 85 and manner in which the invention may be Aembodied and practiced, but without limiting the claimed invention to such illustrative instance or instances:

Figure l vis a vertical section taken transversely through a coking retort oven and partially through a heating wall ofthe type such as'that above specified and equipped with the fimprovements of the present invention, the viewfbeingl taken on planes indicated by the plane indicated by the line A--A ofr Fig. l;

. f-="-'Fig;;3 is' a 'horizontal ysection through the '50 coking chambers or retorts andthe contiguous se'riaino. 577,01.; Divided and this application ined october s1,v 192 7. Serial No. '230,060. v

heating walls taken in the line C-C of Fig. 2; and

Fig. 4 is an enlarged l sectional elevation through the steam flow passages and the lower portion of the coking chambers and heating walls taken in a plane indicated by the line A-A of Fig; 1.

The same characters of reference designate `the same parts in eachof the several views of the drawings.

incorporated in a coking retort oven or battery having features of the well-known Kop- Apers cross regenerative ltype exemplified in the patents to H. Koppers and Joseph Becker hereinabove mentioned.

A retort oven or battery ofthis type includes in its construction crosswise extending parallel heating walls constituted of series of vertical flame or combustion flues, elongated coking chambers or retorts intermediate the heating walls and parallel therewith, and crosswise extending regenerators-located at a lower level than the coking chambers and the heating walls and parallel therewith. For convenience, the present description will be confined to this embodiment of the invention; features of construction and operation are, however, capable of other applications; consequently, the invention is not co ned in its scope to the specific use and emb ent herein described as an illustrative example.

Referring to the drawings: there are lillustrated sectional views of a coke oven batyteryof the by-product type, such .as has been hereinbefore mentioned, which battery em-` bodies 1n its construction a In its presentembodiment, the invention PENNSYLVAN'IA, ASSIGNOR TO THE KOPPERS COM- NIA, A CORPORATION 0F DELAWARE a plane indicated by .i

plurality of crossf wise elongated heating walls l1 and a plu'- i rality of intermediate crosswise elongated coking chambers or retorts 12. Theheating walls 11 form the side walls of the respective coking chambers 12, asshown more particu v larly in Fig. 2, and in accorda-nce with the in-A vention, the sides ofthe coking chambers 12 converge or taper inwardly toward the longithan 4in their upper portions and 'theheatas tudinal central planes of such chambers andl -with other walls,.collectively form the main support of the entire superstructure of the oven battery and are themselves supported npon a dat mat or platform which constitutes' l thev sub-foundation on which the entire battery rests. The other walls 22 extend directly beneath the respective colcing chambers in v parallelism between each two adjacent pillar Walls 13. and such supporting Walls 22 provide two regenerators located on the opposite lsides of such Walls 22 and between adjacent pillar Walls 13. As stated before, the several walls 22 also have the function with the pillar Walls 13 of supporting the weight of the battery superstructure.

The coal to be coked is charged into the several coln'ng chambers or ovens through charging holes 14 located in the top 15 of the oven battery and positioned directly above the retorts or chambers 12, as shown in Fin'. l. These charging holes 14 are equipped with the usual removable covers (not shown) which are removed during charging of the individual chambers or retorts and are placed in position to close the tops of such retorts during the entire coking or distilling operation. The gases of distillation pass from the tops of the several retorts 12 through gas outlets 16 and thence through ascension pipes not shown) to the usual s collecting main which carries the distillation products to the by-product recovery apparatus.

'Heat for coking the charges of coal in the heating Walls 11. which, as above menoned, extend crosswise of the battery at the ,i oi' the coking chambers. Referring now more particularly to Figs. 2 and 3. each heatiiigwall is constituted of a plurality of verticai ilaine or combustion iiues 17. The ilame i i1 :dues of each heating wall are., in accordance -`With the present embodiment of the invention, operatively disposed into a single group,

l that is to sayall of the lues of each heating I wall operate concurrently as upliow or downflow flues,4 and, when the flame' ilues on one side of the coking chamber areiburningor haust of the waste gases.

operating for upflow, the llame `lines on the opposite side of ther-same coking chamber are operating for downflow. to permit ex- The crosswise regenerators 18 of lthe retort oven or battery are located at a lower v level than the' aforesaid heating Walls' 11 and coking chambers 12 and extend in parallelism between the pillar walls 13 and other supportseveral ovens or retorts 12 is derived from.

ing walls 22. Located in the middle length- Wise vertical plane of the coke oven battery is a vertical partition 19, as shown in Fig. 1, which partition extends all the way up from the mat of the battery to the bottom Aof the overlying coking chambers and from one to the other of the walls 13 and 22. The regenerators, which are respectively located on opposite sides of the battery extend inwardly to said partition 19 and are separated thereby, as clearly shown in Fig. 1. Preferably each regenerator is divided into an inner and outercoinpartment by a vertical partition 109 located between the aforesaid partition 19 and the side`of the battery. The partitions 109 however do not extend clear upto the bottom of the coking chamber overlyinathe a distributing sole channel 21 underneath and opening up into such checkerwork.- The regenerators are heated, in alternation, by the hot combustion lproducts that are exhausted from the flame or combustion iiues and then impart such heat to the medium that-they feed into these llame flues. The regenerators are grouped into pairs K and L, as shown in Fig.` 2, the regenerators of the pairs K alternating with the regenerators of the pairs L. Each pair of such regenerators is provided with a series of ducts 23 all of which lead respectively to individual flame ilues 17 of the same heating wall. With this construction, each flame flue 17 communi-- Cates by a pair of ducts 23 with adjacent sepa rate regenerators through whichflow is mamtained concurrently in the samedirection. When the regenerators of the pairs K and their communicably connected flame flues are operating for inflow, the regenerators of the alternate pairs L and their communicably connected flame lines are operating for outflow to ermit exhaust of the waste gases.

Each ame flue 17 has at its top a port or.

opening 24 for draft and the passage of combustion roducts or waste gas from the flame 1n the ue. These ports 24 o up into horizontal or bus fines 25 fonnerfilhn the heating walls and connecting all of the vertical lues that communicate with such horizontal pillar walls 13 and located beneath the heathighternperature before .it flowsinto the hor# ing walls 11 thereaboveA are gas supply channe s 29 for the purpose of supplying coke oven gas to the several flame fines. The channels 29 res ectivel communicate with the individual ues 17 y means of ducts 31 that lead from such channels 29 individually into the bottoms of individual lues. W'ithin the several ducts are disposed the usual nozzles 32. It will be understood that the battery 'may be operated alternatively with the use .of a special generator gas, such as roducer gas, as the fuel. During such pr ucer gas operation, one regenerator of each pair of inflow regenerators may be optionally connected with a producer gas main by mecha nism such as is disclosed in the prior Letters Patent of the United States of Joseph Becker No.,1,416,322, dated May 16, 1922.

ln accordance with the present invention, the soles of bottoms 33 of thefseveral coking chambers or retorts 12 are respectively provided with channels 34. The several channels 34 .extendy longitudinally of the coking chambers and from side to side of the battery and constitute steam flow passages located ldirectly beneath the vbottoms of, the retorts. Steam may be introduced into said channels 34 through vertical steam sup ly pipes 35 located, as shownin Fig; y1 at t e end of the heating walls 11 and respectively communieating, at their lower ends, with the horizontal channels 34 by horizontal ducts 36, as"y shown in Fig. 3. The vertical channels 35` respectively extend tothe top 15 of the battery an may, at this point, be connectedwith any suitable source of steam supply. Inasmuch as said channels 35 are located in the heating walls 11, they function as superheating pas'.-

sages in which the steam introduced from the top Vof the battery may be superheated to a izontal distributing channels 34="L;;,Fromeach distributing channel 34 the steam may'pass through a great number of distributing ports'iffally of each other' in a row, each of said beati 37 into the lower relatively restricted or narrower portion of the correspondingcokingA chamber. The ports 37 provide an extremely diil'use distribution of the steam flow into the corresponding coking chamber. The -oppo- 4 site ends of the horizontal passages 34 may be closed by plugs 38, which are removable at will when it 1s desired to clean out any of the steam ilow. spaces.

In the carbonization process, the coking ot' the coal proceeds inwardly -from the opposite sides of .the charge of coal in each' cokiug chamber, with the result that the cen ter or core of the charge remains in a more or less gunilike or sticky consistency until the charge is nearly completely coked. 'Inasmuch as the heatin walls 11 and their flues 17 are relatively wi er in their lower ortion than in their upper portion, and t e contiguous coking chambers are relatively narrower in.

their lower portion than in their upper portion, the coking of the lower portion of each charge of coal will proceed more rapidly inthe lower portion of the charge than in the top of the charge and the lower part of the charge .will he completely coked in advance of the upper portion of the charge. Consequently the lower portion of the charge becomes coking rate. -Thiscondition is augmented by ues to pro-f increasing the width of the llame y vide pro ortionately moreheat to the nar rower co e char Moreover, althou h thelower portiono each charge is done mad--- vance ofthe upper rtion, overheating of' the lower portion of it charge will be avoided on account of thesteamwhichis intro duced-into the 'lowerportionof the charge and keeps its" temperature below that which ,tends to cause destruction of the coke'. The

invention thereforel combinesextremely rapid cokingwith a maximum production of gas and yet avoids any overcoking of the charge., The4 invention ashereinabove set'forth is embodied in a particular form of construe4 tion but may be variously embodied within the scope of the claims hereinafter made.

los

.- This application is a division of 1n prior "application for Letters Patent of the nitedv States for c'okng retort oven, filedfJ'uly 24, 1922, Serial No. 577,013. y y

Ifelaim.:` l l '1L-'1 4Ina coking retort oven, in combina-l 'ing wallsrhaving vertical heating ilues there# in and having its sides diverging from the and toward uit'sbottom so as to rovide ilues ion.: a series of alternatel coking chambers and' heating walls `therefor arranged laterlis longitudinal central vertical plane thereof widerfat ktheir bottoms than at t eir tops and coking chambers relatively narrower at their bottoms than at their tops; means for supk plying heatinggases to said vertical flues at their wider bottoms and for drawing 0E the A Waste heat gases thereof from said vertical flues at their narrower tops; steam distributing channels located below the cokin chambers respectively and communicab y connected therewith by ports dispersed at intervalsfrom end to end of such distributing ,.-2`. [n.a vcoking retort oven, in combina- ,I tion narrowenat their bottoms than at their'tops; ling steam into the bottoms of such coking a series of alternate coking chambers and' heating Walls thereforfarranged late rally of each other in a row, each of Vsaid heating Walls havingvertical heating iiues therein and ,having its sides divergmg from@ .heating Walls alongside' the longitudinal central vertical plane there'- vide Vilues' Wider at theirfbottoms than at' their tops and coking chambers relatively means for suppl ing heating gasesfto said said vertical flues at their/narrower tops; A.steam distributing channels located'ffbelow the coking chambers respectively-and com-l miinicably connected therewithv by ports .dis-.- persed at intervalsfrom;x end` to end of such- .v distributing channels; and steam superheat-^jjing-- extraneouslyf!developedgheat. Lto lsu ing channels in the oven heatlng Walls comvertical fiues at t ieir Wider bottoms and' for drawing 'olf the waste heat gases thereof .from

municably connected with lsaid'steam distributing channels"'espectively.; substan tially'as specified. 3.111 a coking retort oven; l1n vcomblnatlon:

- a series of alternate coking chambers andv 'heatin walls there-forarranged laterally` of, each ot er in a row, each of said heating walls i havin heating lues therein and` having itsl Hsides iverging from the longitudinal central yofthey heating walls an "Waste heat gases thereof from the said heat.-

= i vertical plane thereof and toward its bottom so as to provide fines wider at their bot-` toms than at their tops' and coking chambersl y "'fsi es diverging from their `lc` ngitudinj`a`l oenrelatively narrower at their bottoms than at their tops; means for, supplying heatmgv gases to the said heatin fiues at the bottoms 'fo'r 'drawing off the ing ilues'at'the topsof said heatingwalls;

. {and Steam-distributin j channels located below-thecoking cham ers respectively and Jcommunicably connected'l therewith by ports vdisl suc distributing `channels; substantially as rsed at intervals from end to` end of 'v vel. In acoking retort oven, in combination: a aeriesoff` alternatecoking chambers and heatin eachot er in a row, each of said heating walls lhaving heating ilues therein yand having its sides diverging fromthe longitudinal central vertical plane thereof' and ltoward its bottom so as to provide'ues wider atjthe bottom than at the top of said heating Wall having their sides diver-ging towa'r ytively narrower lower vp wallstherefor arranged laterally of vchannels Y communicably` connected with the bottoms of said coki vtially a s`specified; 5.v In a coking retort oven, a series Offalternate coking chambers andheating Walls therefor arranged laterally of each otheriin a row, said cokingQ-chambers being tapered toward their lower par-tsLsaid heatin walls 30 ,thl lower parts, means for supplying heat to said the lower partsfyzf said coking chambers and-dor drawingjotf waste heat thereof fromsaid heating ,walls alongside they upper 'part-sof, said @cking .chambers'combined withmeans'for introduc- C Okng11Chambersrsaid@means 'adr'itefj te, admit heatingffuel1v tofsa'id vheating `trails"5" alongside the narrowerflower part andjto draw oit waste heat gases thereof fron'alng,- side the f .wider upper.` 'part- 1 combined with@ means forj introducing' steamffinto 'the' -rel'a- 'areffisuchxfcaking chambers; substantiallyspe'ciffiedi i .1-1 t 7. In av retort battery, 11n cor'nbination`: .l heatingv walls thereforfarranged laterallglfoff 1 each other inl a row,jsaidheating walls." av;-

vinfr heating fines,"th'erein"y and havingitheir 11o lanes-soasto providetapered coking chambers ofvertical cross-sectional area narrower at'one end than thefother," means for supplyingV heating fuel tov said` heating iluesalon ide the narrower vend ofv said coking chamsers and 'for' withdrawing waste heat thereof alongside the wider end of said coking chambers, andvste'am distrib- .Y uting means communicably connected 'with f the narrower ends of saidchambers; substan-- .1m tially as specified. v1 Y v 8. In a retort battery, in cor'nbination: a series of alternate coking chambers and heat-v ing walls` therefor arranged laterallyvof each ot er in a row;` each ofsaid heating walls ,125 havin heating -iues i therein and lhavin fitssides iverging from its lon 'tudina-l centrall vertical yplane-so as to provide tapered. colz-` ing chambers of vertical cross-sectional area I; narrower at one end than the otherandhav' loaf. a series of alternate cokingfchambiers and/' ing its heating lues wider alongside the narrower end of said coking chambers and narrower along the wider end of said coking chambers, means for supplying heating fuel to the said heating iues alongside the narrower end of said coking chambers and for drawing oil' waste gases thereof from alongside the wider ond of said coking chambers; and steam distributing means communicably connected with the narrower ends of said coking chambers; substantially as specified.

9. 1n a retort battery, in combination: a series of alternate coking chambers and heating walls therefor arranged laterally of each other in a row, each of said heating walls having vertical flame lines therein; duct means extending over said coking chambers and communicably connecting the fines 'in one wall at their upper ends with the iues in an adjacent wall at their upper ends; regenerators below and parallel `with said Coking chambers and individual to each of said walls and coi'nmunicably connected with the flues therein at their lower ends; each of said heating walls having its sides diver'ging from its longitudinal central vertical plane so as toA provide tapered coking chambers of ver-A tical cross-sectional area narrower atone end than the other and having its flame lues wider at said one end and narrowerat said other end, and steam distributing channels communicably connected with the narrower ends of said coking chambers; substantially as specified. Y

10. In a retort battery, in combination: a

series of alternate coking chambers and heating walls therefor arranged laterally of each other in a row, each of said heating walls having heating iiues therein and having its sides diverging from its longitudinal central vertical plane so as to provide tapered cokling chambers of vertical cross-sectional area narrower at one end than the other and having its heating iiues wider at said one end and narrower at said other end, regenerators parallel with said coking chambers and individual to each of said walls and communicabl connected with the fines therein so that com ustion gases from said regenerators may flow into said heating lues at said one end and the waste gases iow olf to said regenerators from said heating flues at said other end; and steam distributing channels communicably connected with the narrower ends of said coking chambers; substantially as specified.

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto set in hand.

y JOSEPH BECKER.

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