US1798735A

US1798735A - Building block and wall construction

Info

Publication number: US1798735A
Application number: US409831A
Authority: US
Inventors: Frederick T Heath
Original assignee: HEATH UNIT TILE Co
Current assignee: HEATH UNIT TILE Co
Priority date: 1927-06-18
Filing date: 1929-11-26
Publication date: 1931-03-31
Anticipated expiration: 1948-03-31

Description

F. T. HEATH March 31, 1931.

. BUILDING BLOCK AND WALL CONSTRUCTION 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Original Filed June 18, 1927 FIGQE' F'IE..'Z

dmwm a F. T. HEATH BUILDING BLOCK AND WALL CONSTRUCTION March 31, 931.

Original Filed June 18, 1927 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 FIELD Jwumtoz Patented Mar. 31, 1931 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE FREDERICK T. HEATH, OF COLUMBUS, OHIO, ASSIGNOR TO THE HEATH UNJ IT TILE COKPAN Y, OF TACOMA, WASHINGTON, A CORPORATION OF WASHINGTON BUILDING BLOCK AND WALL CONSTRUCTION Original application filed June 1'8, 1927, Serial No. 199,685. Divided and this application filed November 26, 1929. Serial No. 409,881.

This invention relates to a wall constructed with brick veneer and back-up hollow tile and is particularly concerned with bonding of the brick veneer with the baclcup 5 tile by the employment of peculiarly shaped receive the header brick. My parent appli-' cation shows alternatively the tile being so formed that their voids extend horizontally or vertically, and claims the wall and the header tile generically and also the specific header tile where the voids extend parallel with the step or horizontally.

The present invention is concerned with a i tile having the same external dimensions and the same spacing of internal webs as the claimed header tile in my parent case, but with the voids extending vertically. This enables the laying up of the tile portion of the wall with all voids extending vertically, which is believed to produce a drier wall. My header tile with the voids vertical has the advantages in common with the horizon tally voided tile, of giving the requisite strength to the wall by providing web and shell alignment vertically; the advantage of properly bonding with brick; the advantage that it can be built to a wall with little elfort and with a saving of time over that required for brick, and, in general, the advantages set out in the parent application for a tile having the external dimensions and the web spacing of this one.

My tile, and some of the various walls which may be constructed by its use are i1- lustrated in the drawings. Figs. 1 to 8 inclujunction with the header tile in making the 1;

wall; Fig. 4 is a perspective of a pile of six bricks spaced corresponding to mortar .]o1nts and having the exterior dimensions of the cubicaltile of Fig. 3; Fig. 5 is a View of the stepped tile having external dimensions of Fig. 2, but with the voids running in the other direction, this view corresponding to the horizontally voided stepped tile of the parent application, except that with this case the block is standing on end; 6 is a 1 view of a pile of five bricks with their mortar joints, corresponding in external contour to the stepped block of Fig. 2,- Fig. 7' is a perspective of two separate units of tile, placed together with an intervening mortar oint and then corresponding to the header tile of Fig. 2; Fig. 8 is a perspective of a closure tilewhich is so shaped and dimensioned that itmay be used in web and shell alignment with the stepped tile and cubical tile and constitute an end closure. The. remaining figures are a selection of a large number of walls which may be built employing my peculiarly formed tile. Fig. 9 is a socalled 12 wall with bonding every third course; Fig. 10 is a so-called 16" wall bonded every third course; Fig. 11 indicates a socalled 12 wall with closures, depicting the peculiar use of the header .block shown in Fig. 8; Fig. 12 shows the tile portion of a wall composed of cubical blocks like that shown in Fig. 3 and header blocks of the form shown in Figs. 1 and 2. a

Fig. 3 illustrates a cubical block which forms the basis of measurement of my header tile, this block being in accordance with my patent Reissue No. 16,468. This cube cor responds to a pile of six ordinary bricks, two wide and three high, with their mortar joints, as shown in Fig. 4:. The exterior of the cube is accordingly approximately 8', being the same in all three dimensions. The, interior of the cube is formed by two pairs of crossed webs, each pair being in the vicinity of the center of the block but spaced by a distance corresponding to the thickness of a mortar joint, as fully explained in my reissue patent. v

The present invention of a header cube, like that shown in my parent application is a fraction of the complete cube of Fig. 3, the fraction being arrived at by employing substantially of the cube; that is to say, an amount corresponding to a pile of thrice bricks and an adjacent pile of two bricks with their appropriate mortar joints as shown in Fig. 6. The omitted portion of the cube is accordingly adapted to receive one brick with a horizontal mortar joint below it and a vertical mortar joint along its'inner edge, or the projections of two header bricks with mortar oints below'them, mortar joints across their ends and a mortar joint between them.

Comparison is invited of Figs. 2 and3. It will be seen that from the cube of Fig. 8 I omit the upper portion of the shell wall, part of the upper portions of two shell walls at right angles thereto, and all of the upper portions of two webs at rightangles to the first mentioned shell wall and of one web parallel with that shell wall, while preserv- -ing intact the other web parallel with that shell wall. -It will be :seen that the header block has a; peculiarly formed step, the horizontal dimension or tread of which (when the block stands as in Fig. 2) extends back to the second transverse web, whereasthe vertical dimension or riser of such step is made of such height that it corresponds to the distance from one side of the cube to the first transverse web.

It is the peculiar dimensioning described which makes the block so readily adaptable for bonding with standard brick.- As heretofore indicated this same external 'dimen sioning is present in the horizontally voided duced by the omission of parts of two shells and one web within the horizontally voided block. That is "to say, the horizontally voided block cuts back both for the riser and the tread to an existing web wall; whereas in the present header block the riser of the step is an existing web wall, but the tread is formed by the ends of the cut off shells and webs. The cubical block itself does not provide an existing surface to form the tread of this block but I locate the cut across the webs and shells which make this tread at a very definite distance from the extreme top in the block, namely a distance equal to the distance from the exterior of the block to the nearest web which is parallel therewith.

When a header brick extends onto. the step of the header block of this invention, then that brick is supported by four webs or shell portions which lie directly beneath portions of the brick, and accordingly the brick serves to continue the web and shell alignment whliph is present in the tile portion of the wa I will now describe specifically, by use of reference numerals, the various webs and shells of my block. Thus, referring to the complete cube 10 in Fig. 3, there are four shells, each substantially 8 square, designated 1, 2, 8 and 4. The transverse webs of one shell are designated 5 and 6, and those of the other shell 7 and 8. The two webs 5 and 6 are spaced apart a distance equal tothe thickness of a mortar joint; and the same is true of the webs 7 and 8.

Now, the stepped block 11 of Fig.2 may be considered as arrived at bycutting away portions of the

shells

1, 2 and 3 and portions of the web 6, 7 and 8, while leavingintact the web 5 and the other portions of webs 7 and '8. A portion of the web 5 which is visible in Fig. 2 forms'the riser of the step has a heightcorresponding to the distance from any shellto the web'first encountered, as for instance from the outer face of the shell '1 to the nearest face of the web 8. The tread portion of the shell on the other hand corresponds to the distance from one side of the block to-thei face of the second web encoun tered, which would be from the outer side of the face 1- to the nearest face of the web 7; This omitted portion corresponds also to the cubicalcontent of one brick plus the appropriate horizontal and vertical mortar joints, as is apparent from a comparison of Figs. 4 and 6.

In Fig. 9, I have shown a twelve inch wall with header brick A every third course, so that substantially all of the back-up tile are header cubes 11. Because the longitudinal dimension of the blocks is equal to the length of the brick, each header brick will be bonded with three header blocks, two above and one below or vice versa.

To illustrate the three. course bond in a wall of greater thickness, I have shown in Flg. 10 an arrangement of header cube 11 in alternatecourses along with half cubes 12 in- In the intermediate shown in section and fractional blocks 13, spaced between header bricks A. The half cube and the fractional blocks are also shown in Fig. 7. In this structure, it will be seen that the bond between header brick, is carried out with the header tile so that each brick may bond with three blocks. It will also be seen that the header cubes overlie quarter portions of full cubes above and below and the full cubes are bonded with four blocks above and below.

The horizontally voided header cube of my parent application set on end as shown at 14 in Fig. 5, is well adapted for use in conjunction with the present header blocks 11 and with the closure members 15 of Fig. 8, to form various jalnb closures or reveal closures. In Fig. 11, I have shown a wall having a thickness of one brick and one back-up tile and laid with the usual English bond. The body of the wall may be constructed with header cubes 11 receiving header bricks A. Full cubes 10 are used in the body of the intermediate course. Reveal blocks 14 asshown in Fig. 5 are endset to form a reveal closure for the full cube course. Quarter cubes 15 are endset at the ends of the header cube courses to complete the closure. The quarter cubes are bonded between the stepped extensions of the endparallel voided header cubes. Fig. 12 illustrates the use of the half header cube 16 of Fig. 1 in forming a closure.

Like my parent case, the wall structure of the present application is based on the novel theory of common dimension .li'or all units of the wall; that is, based on the dimension of a brick length, and is also based on the use of a cubical block and a fraction thereof which may be said to correspond to of the block, having in mind the mortar joints of corresponding brick. I thus combine a brick bond with a tile bond, resulting in a wall of greater strength. The tile formed as a fraction of the cubical tile lend themselves to carrying out the bond relation, and the formations of jainbs and closures without deviating from the bond and while still maintaining the double web and shell alignment, producing the desired strength. Allthis, in my present block, is associated with the desired ventila- "tion and consequent dry wall, which comes from having vertical voids registering with each other in successive courses of blocks.

I claim 1.. A hollow header block with vertically extending voids and a stepped portion for recciving the overhanging part cf a brick, said block having a pair of webs lying in planes normal to the header brick, one of said webs extending for its full width to the full height of the block and adapted to lie across the end of the header brick, the other of said webs terminating below the full height of the block and adapted to stand beneath the header brick and assist in supporting it.

2. A hollow header block made as a fraction of a cube with vertically extending voids and a stepped portion for receiving the ends of header bricks, said block having a pair of interior webs lying in planes normal to the header bricks, one of said webs extending for its full width to the full height of the block and adapted to assist in supporting the header bricks, the omitted portion of the cubical block having a height equal to the thick ness plus a mortar joint of a standard brick and a Width equal to the width plus a mortar joint of a standard brick.

3. A hollow header block with vertically extending voids and a stepped portion for receiving the end portion of a header brick, said block having a pair of interior Webs lying in planes normal to the header brick, one of said webs extending for its full width to the full height of the block and adapted to lie across the end of the header brick, the other of said webs termi-natingbelow such height, the step thus provided on the block having a tread the Width of which is equal to the distance from the outer'face of the block to the face of the second internal web encountered and the riser ot'which is equal to the distance from the outer face of the block and the first internal Web encountered.

4. A hollow header block having an external shell and double internal crossing webs, said block having its major dimension equal to the length of a common brick and its cubical displacement equal to five bricks with appropriate mortar joints laid in a pile of three bricks and a pile of two bricks with a common base, the block thus having a stepped formation presenting a tread portion made up of the end faces of curtailed shells and webs andthere being an additional internal vertical Web aligning with and joining the riser portion of the shell and distant from the parallel curtailed web by a distance equal to the thickness of a mortar joint.

5. A wall structure including veneer brick with courses of header brickand back-up tile having an external shell and double crossing webs and including header tile laid in courses corresponding to the header brick courses, the back-up tile comprising cubical tile substantially equal in volume to six bricks plus appropriate mortar oints and the header tile formed as fractions of the cubical tile and substantially equal to five bricks plus appropriate mortar joints, all of the voids of the header tile being vertical and the shorter ones terminating at "the step provided by the end of curtailed shells and webs in the two-brick-high portion of such tile, the cubical tile being bonded in diagonal offset relation to the header blocks.

6. A Wall structure composed of veneer brick and back-up tile, every sixth course of veneer bricks being laid transversely of the wall as header bricks, the back-up tile including cubical tile and lesser tile, all of the back-up tile having a maximum dimension length, breadth and height equal to the length of a brick, part of theback-up tile having stepped portions extending transversely of the voids and equal to the full thickness of a brick plus a mortar joint and adapted to receive the inner ends of the header brick, the back-up tile placed so as to have their voids extending vertically in the body of the wall.

7. A wall structure including veneer brick laid with five stretcher courses and a header course, and back-up tile having an external shell and double crossing webs and including cubical blocks equal to six brickswith appropriate mortar joints having two pairs of interior webs crossing each other, the webs of each pair spaced apart the thickness of a mortar joint, and header tile equal in height to said cubical tile and having its webs correspondingly positioned but lacking portions of three shell walls and of three interior webs for a distance lengthwise of the webs equal to the distance from the outside of the block to the first web parallel therewith and for a distance crosswise of the webs equal to the said lengthwise distance plus the combined thickness of a web and amortar joint, whereby a step is formed equal to one stretcher brick plus a horizontal and vertical mortar joint, said cubical tile and header tile being laid in adjacent courses with vertical alignment between webs and shells, the header course of veneer brick extending into'the tile portion of the wall and lying .on said step portion of the header tile, the header brick being arranged so that alternate header brick bond with two header tile and one cubical tile and alternate header brick bond with two cubical tile and one header tile.

8. A composite brick and tile wall having a veneer of header bricks and stretcher bricks laid with their greatest dimension measurable horizontally, and'having a coacting backing of tile blocks laid with their voids extending vertically, certain of said blocks having portions cut away to leave a step, the bottom of which is the end surface of three shell walls and an internal web, and the back of which is a vertical shell wall standing back of said internal web by an amount equal to the thickness of a mortar joint, said step receiving portions of said header bricks, all of said tile blocks having a maximum dimension measurable vertically equal to the greatest dimension of the bricks.

.9. A hollow header block having an external shell and internal crossing webs, said block having its major dimension equal to the length of a common brick and its cubical displacement equal to five bricks with appropriate mortar joints laid in a pile of three bricks and apile of two bricks with a common base, the block being thus cubical except by an omission corresponding to the displacement of one brick with its bottom and edge mortar joint, the omitted portion being bounded at the bottom by the ends of curtailed webs and shells and at the back by a vertical portion of the shell which aligns with. and joins an internal vertical web, said curtailed webs including a vertical web terminating at the bottom of the omitted portion and spaced from the vertical web first mentioned a distance corresponding to the thickness of a mortar joint and includ ing also parts of two other webs spaced apart a distance corresponding to the thickness of a mortar joint and located at right angles to the two vertical webs .mentioned,whereby when said blocks are laid up with header bricks there are continuous vertical load bearing members corresponding to two shell port-ipns and two internal web portions of the ti e.

10. A wall having a brick facing comprising a plurality of stretcher courses and a header course, and back-up tile including' hollow cubical blocks entirely behind stretcher courses and having a shell formingfour sides and having two pairs of interior trans verse webs connecting the shell, one pair crossing the other pair at right angles and the webs of eachpair being spaced apart a dis tance equal to the thickness of a mortar joint, and lesser blocks includingheader blocks behind header courses and two adjacent stretcher courses, said header blocks being cut across the ends of internal webs to provide steps which receive the inward overhanging portions of the header bricks, all the lesser blocks formed as exact sections of the cubical block and laid in the wall with their voids vertical and their webs and shells in vertical load bearing alignment with the webs or shell of the cubical tile.

11. A header tile for use with a wall formed of veneer brick having courses of header brick, said header tile being hollow and having an external shell and double crossing webs, the header tile having the same maximum external dimensions as a cubical tile,

which dimension is also equal to the length of a brick and said header tile having their I voids vertical and having a horizontal step of of the header blocks and laid between courses of header blocks, and webbed hollow header blocks of identical external dimensions with the header blocks mentioned but with the voids parallel with the step and end-set at the ends of said last named courses to form reveal closures therefor and with their webs and shells in vertical alignment with the webs and shells of the vertical-void header blocks.

In testimony whereof, I hereunto aflix my signature.

FREDERICK T. HEATH.