US1789660A - Anchorage device - Google Patents

Description

Jan. 20, 1931. H. Rosl-:NBERG ANCHORAGE DEVICE Filed Dea 16, 1925 v v v gru/venten): #mlm/V @05E/WM5 y Patented Jan. 20, 1931 HEYMAN ROSENBERG, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

ANCHORAGE DEVICE Application led December 16, 1925. 'Serial No. 75,832.

This invention relates to improvements in fastening means of the type adapted for anchorage to bodies o f work of substantial proportions, such as masonry walls and the like.

The primary object in view is the effecting of a firm and reliable connection to Work ordinarily affording little or no opportunity for engagement.

A further obj ect in view is to attain the result stated in a: quick and easy manner and with relatively inexpensive apparatus.

lith these and further objects in View as will hereinafter in part be stated and in part become apparent, the invention comprehends the artof connectionor fastening to the exposed surface portions of work means of anchorage affording reliable engagement and including an expansible element and a wedging element designed for and capable of effecting a locking expansion of the first-mentioned element incident to driving stresses delivered axially to the wedging element.

The invention also comprises certain other steps and novel combinations thereof in the art of anchorage, and certain other novel constructions, combinations and arrangements of parts as subsequently specified and claimed.

In the accompanying drawings,-

Figure 1 is a section through a piece or fragment of masonry or other work prepared for receiving an embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 2 is a similar view of the same with the anchorage sleeve in place.

Figure 3 is a similar view to Figure 2 with the wedging element seen in elevation in its initially introduced position, the section being taken on a plane at right angles to the plane of the section of Figures 1 and 2.

Figure 4 is a similar view to Figure 3 with the wedging element in its finally seated position incident to advance under axial stresses, the wedging element being seen in longitudinal section' taken on a plane intersecting the axis, and, therefore, cutting a rib at one side of a valley at the outer portion ofthe Wedging element and the rib at the other side of the valley at the inner portionof the wedging clement.

Figures 5 and 6 are transverse sections taken respectively on the planes indicated by lines 5 5 of Figure 3 and 6-6 of Figure 4.

As the art, method or rocess of anchorage comprehending one of) present invention will most easily be disclosed by reference to the specific structure illustrated in the acompanying drawings, and by the operation thereof, reference is had to said structures in detail in which l indicates a piece of work, such as a masonry wall, block of steel, or other substance of sufficient- Ily substantial proportions to make it desirable that such anchorage devices as engage its exposed surface, indicated at 2, preferably do not extend throughout the thickness of the work. A preferably cylindrical recess 3 is formed in the work 1, as by drilling, boring or otherwise, according to the material of the work.

An anchorage sleeve 6 is utilized and preferably comprises a tubular, metallic ody having aterminal flange 7 at its outer end. The inner end portion of the sleeve' is formed with an inwardly offset annular shoulder by increased thickness of the wall of the inner portion of the sleeve 6. Thus the diameter of the boreof the outer portion of sleeve 6 is greater than that of the inner portion, and this result may be obtained in any ofvarious ways. One effective manner of producing the smaller diameter of bore at the phases ofthe the inner portion of sleeve 6 is by forming the sleeve with a return fold 8 folded within the main body ofthe sleeve 6 and lapping a substantial portion of the length of saidv body 6. The sleeve body 6 is preferably formed with a slot v9 extending throughout its length and throughout the length of the return fold 8. The body 6 and return fold 8 are also formed with a diametrically-opposed, longitudinal slotlO e-xtendino' for vthe length of the return fold 8', the sai slots 9 and 10 facilitating the uniform expansion of the inner portion of the sleeve 6, as hereinafter described.

As best seen from Figures 3, 4 and 6, the art or process forming part of the present invention is carried out 1n the form of successive steps fin which the structures illusation thereof Will, therefore, be described as the most facile manner of disclosing the improved art.

A wedging element is utilized preferably substantially of the type set forth and claimed in my prior U. S. Letters Patent No. 1,485,202, dated February 26, 1924, except that the entering tip or point portion is formed to present a wedging cone. The said lin a true section Wedging element consists of a pin or rod having a body 11 provided with thread- like ribs 12, 12, each preferably having a slight pitch or inclination, and a valley 13 being formed between each two of the ribs 12. There is sulicient number of the ribs12 about the body 11 and of such dimensions for causing the valleys 13 to occupy substantially equal space to the space occupied by the ribs 12. Variation in these proportions is, of course, possible, and ma become very desirable under special circumstances. The body 11 at the outerend is provided with a head 14, and at its inner end portion is tapered to form a conical Wedge or entering tip 15. The tip 15 may, of course, be other-- Wise formed, but is preferably substantially smooth and cone-shaped, and the body 11 and ribs 12 are proportloned to allow the wedging member to freely enter the sleeve 6 to the position seen in Figure 3`. The wedging polnt or tip 15 is thus proportioned to have its inclined surfaces extend across the inner annular edgeV of the inner end of the return lap or fold 8, so that axial stresses exerted inward on the wedgin element will cause the inclined surfaces o the tip 15 to act against the outer end of the return foldv or lap 8 to wedge the same both radially andf'axiallfy. That .is to say, inwardadvance of the we ging tip 15, after' it has reached the position seen in Figure 3, stresses the outer end of thefold 8 in two directions, one component tending` to radially expand the fold 8, and the other component tending to move the said fold 8 longitudinally inward. Since the fold 8 is substantially rest-rained and confined aga-mst inward movement, the action of the wedging tip 15 is lar ely, and in most in'- stances, practically wolly expressed as a laterally or radially expanding action on the return fold 8. A

In Figure 4 the wedging element is shown giving the appearance of a longitudinal curve at the sides. This appearance results from the factthat the plane 'of the section runs through a rib at the outer portion of the pin 11, through an interposed valley at the middle portion of the pin, and throughthe adj aeent rib at the inner. portion of the pin. The true axial section of Figure 4wthus gives the appearance of curved sides to 1n 11 but each of the valleys 13 is, in fact, ormed with a longitudinally, substantially straight bottom except for its slight angular pitch. In other words, the diameter of the 'ure 4.

body of the pin 11 between the base of any valley 13 and the base of its diametrically-opposite valley is substantially the same at any point in the length of the pin 11, except for a possible slight thickness of the body as it approaches the head portion 14.

The several ribs or threads 12 and tip 15 are hardened to an extent suiiicient for entering metal, such as soft iron or soft steel, substantially Without injur to the ribs or threads and the tip. This hardened condition may be eected in any desired manner, as, for instance, by the case-hardening of the Wedging element'. Any'acceptable process of case-hardenin may be utilized, as, for instance, the wel known cyaniding process, and it is to be recognized that the case-hardening process where used is carried out as the easiestway of providing the hardened surface for thetip. 15v and the hardened ribs 12, and that, therefore, the hardening of the balance of the surface portions of the wedging element is but incidental. Yet, of course, such hardened condition is valuable in preventin' battering of the head 14 or distortion of the ases of the valleys 13 incident to the v*flowin of entered or severed metal in the acl tion o the ribs 12.

The parts being in the osition seen in Figure 3, which is an assem la e easily effected manually, (aside from the ormation of the bore 3), the operator delivers a stress axially of the pin 11 for forcing the same longitudinally to thev osition seen in Figure 4. This stress is prefrerably delivered by the use of a hammer, or other a propriate tool, employed to strike a blow or rblows on the exposed end or head 14. The resultant action is the movement of the parts to the position seen in Fig- When the parts are in the position seen in Figure 3, andthe operator begins to deliver hammer blows to the head 14, the tip 15 acts at once to radially expand the outer end portion 'of the return lap or fold 8, and causes a swelling or radial expanding movement of the material of return fold 8 which expands the main body 6 of the sleeve radially and forms an outstanding shoulder 1:7. This shoulder 17 is formed only when the surrounding Work 1 is of such material as can be compressed, such as soft parts ofconcrete, salmon bricks, or like masonry. With the formingv of shoulder 17, the surrounding work 1 is crushed and compressed to an enlarged diameter of recess 3, as at 4, which results in the formation of a shoulder 5 of the material of the work. The material of the return fold 8 forms a shoulder 18 simultaneously with the forming of shoulders 17 and 5,y all of said shoulders conforming in sha e, location and dimensions to each other an being snugly nested together. The further advance of the Wedging element 11 causes the material of the return fold 8, after the formation of the shoulders 18, 17 and 5, to flow into and become more compact in the valleys 13, the ribs or threads 12 having entered or severed the material of the return fold 8 from the moment of the entry of the inner ends of the said ribs or threads within the cylinder presented by the return fold 8 after the passage of the conical tip 15. During the inward travel of pin 11, material of the surrounding sleeve, reaching maximum compression, Will be caused to flow outward along pin 11, as at 16, in the valleys 13. Thus, when the wedging element has reached its nal position as seen in Figure 4, the material of the sleeve 6 formingthe fold 8 will have been forced to a substantially maximum frictional Contact With the surfaces of the valleys and ribs 13 and 12, and will be formed with internal threads corresponding to ribs 12. It is, therefore, possible to withdraw the pin or wedging element 11, but the compactness with which metal has been flowed both against the surrounding Work and the pin 11 is so great that the pin will be firmly and rigidly held during use, and may be Withdrawn only by the employment of special tools and with a very high degree of lWithdrawing stresses. Sleeve 6 cannot be Withdrawn While pin 11 is in place.

The showin-gef the shoulder 5 in Figure 4 has been somewhat exaggerated even for soft masonary in order to more easily visually disclose the results obtained. Of course, the extent of the offset 5 and corresponding offsets 17-and 18 will vary according to the.'

resistance of the Work 1; and with diminution of the offsets an increase in the flow 16 Will occur. It is even possible that with very hard stone or other sufiiciently hard substances, there may be no appreciable offsets 5, 17 and 18 at all. In that case, however, the contact of the metal of sleeve 6 with the surrounding Work 1 and with pin 11 will be so nearly perfect, that is so tight, that the resulting anchorage will be substantially the same as if offsets had resulted. In anyevent, therefore, a substantially perfect anchorage is accomplished with great facility and `a minimum of laborand expense.

For convenience of illustration, the surfaces of the recess 3 have been shown as perfectly smooth, which is approximately accurate Where the Work is of metal, but with masonary Work there would be a degree of irregularity under all ordinary conditions and the roughness naturally present has not been shown in the drawings, but must be assumed to exist. lVhen the surfaces of the recess 3 are rough, as When formed in masonary. the exterior surface of the inner portion of the sleeve 6 expanded by theaction of the wedging pin will be caused to conform more or less to such roughness and the material of the sleeve will be caused to enter the little indentations represented by such roughness.

f Serial o.

This will tend to increase the effective anchorage of the sleeve in the Work. In some instances, it may become desirable to form small projections on the exterior surface of the inner portion of sleeve 6 before it is introduced into the recess 3 for increasing the tendency of the material of the sleeve to interlock with material of the surrounding Worli, but the' anchorage of the sleeve will be found adequate and effective under all usual and ordinary conditions without such additional projections.

This application is one of a series of three filed by me on the same day and co-pending, both of said other applications being for art of anchorage, and one being Serial No. 7 5,- 831, while the other is Serial No. 75,830, and this instant application is also co-pending with my application for improvements -in anchora e devices, filed February 11, 1928, 253,7' 55, and subject matter claimed in any of said co-pending applications is not claimed herein.

1. In the art of anchorage, inserting a sleeve into a recess in work, which recess terminates Within the work, inserting a grooved in-strument in the sleeve having portions of greater dimensions thanthe internal dimensions of the sleeve and, incident to the insertion of such instrument, expanding the sleeve and producing a shouldered enlargement of the sleeve and a correspondingly enlarged portion of the recess in the work, confining the sleeve against further expansion for the full length of the sleeve,.and flowing material of the sleeve in the groove of the instrument. 2. Efecting anchorage for a fastener comprising assembling a sleeve having a portion of its bore of reduced diameter in a recess in work, which recess terminates within the Work, insertlngy a grooved fastener 1n the sleeve and thereby expanding the sleeve to al seated condition in the recess and confining the sleeve against further expansion f or the full length of the sleeve, and further inserting the grooved fastener into the reduced portion and causing material of the sleeve to flow in the groove of the fastener.

3. The combination of a sleeve having a portion of its b-ore of reduced. diameter, the sleeve being located in a recess 1n Work, which recess terminates Within the material of ,the Work, and a grooved fastener extending into the sleeve and expanding the same to a seated condition in the recess, the surrounding material of the work confining the sleeve against further expansion for the full length of the sleeve, and the grooved fastener being extended into the reduced portion of the sleeve and having material of the sleeve flowed into the groove of the fastener.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature.

HEYMAN ROSENBERG.

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