US1786213A - Firearm - Google Patents

Description

C. C. LOOMIS Dec. 23, 1930.

FIREARM Original Filed Sept. 15, 1926 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 INVENTOR (MW/WED C [00/7/5 a a; M p

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Dec. 23, 1930. c; c. LOOMIS 1,786,213

FIREARM Original Filed Sept. 15. 1926 ZS-heetS-Sheet 2 l NVENTOR to initial position.

Patented Dec. 23, 1930 orrier CRAWFORD C. LOOMIS, OF ILION, NEW YORK, ASSIGNOR TO REMINGTON ARMS COM- PANY, INC., A CORPORATION OF DELAWARE FIREARM 7 Application filed. September 15, 1926, Serial No. 135,582. Renewed May 16, 1930.

disclosed'in U. S. Patent 1,143,170, June 15,

1915, to J. M. Browning, but it is to be understood that the invention is of general application and not limited to the particular gun illustrated.

In guns of the type disclosed in the Browna tubular magazine extending longitudinally beneath the barrel, and are transferred one at a time to the chamber, and the shell in the chamber is fired by the impact therewith of a firing pin driven forward by a. blow from a ivote hammer which is held in cocked osition b T the en a ement with a. notch therein of the nose of a scar integral with the trigger.

hen the gun has been fired the functions of unlocking retracting the breech block, ejecting the empty shell, cocking the hammer, transferring a fresh shell from the magazine :--:to the chamber, and advancing and locking the breech block, are all performed by reciprocating an action bar attached to the forearm, the movement of the action bar and forearm being first rearward, then forward Since guns of this typeare fired from the shoulder, and are usually held against the shoulder by means of the forearm, it is necessary that the action bar be locked against rearward movement when the gun is in ready-to-fire condition. To this end the Browning patent above identified provides an action bar lock, and a control device therefor, associated with the hammer, which prevents retraction of the action bar wl ile the hammer is cocked, unless the lock 1 is released by manipulation of an extending finger piece.

It is likewise desirable that means be provided for preventing the fall of the hammer until the action bar has been fully advanced, thereby closing the breech and locking thebreech block. The hammer is concealed in the receiver. and in order to cock the hammer it is necessary to fully operate the action. If

the hanmier can be moved forward as the action is closed by holding the trigger depressed or by other manipulation, the hammer can be cocked only by again operating the action and thereby ejecting the unfired shell in the chamber.

Moreover, if the hammer can be released to move forward when the breech block is not closed and locked, there is danger that a shell or cartridge may be fired with the breech block in this condition, with serious injury to the mechanism or the shooter, or both. This is a contingency whichmust be carefully guarded against.

In the Browning patent above identified a device associated with the action bar lock engages the hammer and holds it in cocked position during the greater part of the forward movement of the breech block. However, the construction ofthis device is such that the hammer is released before the breech block is locked. Moreover, it is effective only if the action bar has been fully retracted.

Assume that afresh she'll has been placed in the chamber and the breech closed and locked by one complete operation of the action bar. If the action bar lock is now withdrawn by manipulation of the finger piece provided for this purpose, and the action bar partially retracted, the hammer is then free from the locking device,'and may be released in any position of the breech blockby merely pressing the trigger. closed with the hammer not cocked.

It is an object of thepresent invention to provide a fire control mechanism which posi tively insures the engagement of the hammer by the hammer retaining devices whenever the hammer is cocked and, likewise, positively secures said retaining devices in engagement with the hammer at all times when the breech mechanism is unlocked, regardless of the manipulation by which thebreech becomes unlocked.

It is, furthermore, an incidental object. of the invention to provide hammer engaging devices which are retained in ineffective position while the hammer is displaced from' The action may then be extractor 18 and the tiring pin 19. The firing With these and otherobjects in View the invention consists in the novel combinations and arrangements of parts which are illus-' in this figure, the action is closed and locked andthe hammer is cocked.

Fig. 2 is a fragmentary sectional elevation, showing the partsin the position which they" assume during the opening of the breech,-

after the gun has been fired. Many parts are omitted fromthis figure for the sake of clearness. q

3 is a View similar to Fig. 2, showing the parts in the position they assume when the action bar is fully retracted.

Fig. 4 is a similar view, showing the position; of the mechanism of the present invention when the hammer is cocked and the action bar unlocked, or unlocked and partly retracted.

Fig; 5'is a plan view of thetrigger plate and parts inountedthereon. v The fire control mechanisnris. housed in a receiv'eror frame having a bottom open- .ing 11, thru which the fresh shells are inserted into the magazine 12-andthe empty shell cases are ejected. Slidablymo-unted in the sides of the frame is an action .bar slide I l, adapted for connection by means of pin 15 to an action'bar associated with theusual forearm (not shown). ,The action bar slide 14 is thus adapted to be reciprocated by manipulation of the forearm, and the reciprocation of the action barcontrols the operations incident toejecting the empty shell case from the chamber and feeding the fresh shell from' the magazine to thechamb'er in-themanner which will be hereinafter described. The breech block.)indicated 'generally by 17, comprises longitudinal recesses whichcontain the pin isheld in place by cross pin and is re-. tracted from engagement 'with the head of the shell by spring 21.} A recess cutin the 1 top oftheframe 10 forms a recoil shoulder 22 adapted to engage the end 23 of the breech block, thereby locking the breech block breech closing position until it is lowered by movement of'the action bar. 7

. A lug or hook 24 projecting downwardly fromrtne breech block is adapted to engage a recess 25in the action barslide 14 as clearly shown in Fig. 2. When the action bar is drawn rearwardlythe forward edge of hook 24 is engaged by ianinclined cam face 26 V on the action bar slide whereby the breechblock is lowered out of engagement with re coil shoulder 22. Further rearward'movement of the action bar draws thebreech bloc-k rearwardly, breech bloclrand the action jbar 'na'lly extending spring fingers .31 connected theffingers upwardly into a recess 3 -fromfretainer 28 and. is pushed out of the to permit the passage of the breech blocl slide moving together. On the forward.

.movement of the action bar, the action bar slide and breech block move together until the breech is closed and the end 23 of the breech block is in front of recoil shoulder 22. As the forward movement ofthe action bar is completed the inclined cam face 2'? of action bar slide 14 raises the breech block into engagement with recoil shoulder 22. g

' The meansfor-ret-aining shells in the mag- 5 azine, and for releasing them one at a time to be transferred to the chamber comprises a retainer 28, normally in engagement with the head of the rearmost shel in the magazine, but adaptedto be withdrawn and release'the rearmost shell near the end of the rearward-movement of the action bar slide], A cartridge stop lever 29 is adapted to be rocked about its horizontal pivot into position toengagethe head of the second shell in the magazine and hold this shell until the c retainer 28-is restored toeffective position.

The means for transferringthe shell released from the shell retaining, devices to position to be moved into the chamberby the head ofthe breech block, comprises a carrier device, pivoted atSO to the sides ofthe frame '10; This carrierdevice comprises longitudi-i at their rear ends by a cross piece32. Ft hen 5 the breech is'closed the carrier fingers are in. the position indicated in Fig. 1. As the action bar and breechblock begin to move rearwardly, the endsof fingers 31 engage cams 33 on the sides of the breech block, movi 1 7 in th top of the receiver. .In the further;v rez ward movement of the 'breeelrblock,tho empty shellis withdrawn from the chamber beneath the carrier fingers. lls the breech block and action bar slide reach the end eftheir rearward movement, cross piecei32 engaged by cam face 36 at the rear of the action bar'slide and the carrier fingers are quickly moved downwardly to eject the empty shell cases, and to receive a freshshell from the magazine. As the action bar sli reach-es the end of its rearward movement rearmost shell in the magazine is'relea'sed magazinelon to the carrier lingers 31 by t magazinesprlng. As, the action bar slid;

begins tomove forward, inclinesfi'? on the carr er fingers are engagedby cam faces 38 on the action bar slide, and the carrier i with the shell which has been placed V on, are elevated to the position shown in a 1. As the breechblock moves forward, the

shell is pushed into the chamber by til-. breech block, the carrier fingers being s" dropping behind the cam shoulders he shell retaining and'transferring devices more fully described in the Browning patent above identified. r 4

At the rear of the cartridge or shell opening 11 is a trigger plate 40, which carries certain elements of the fire control mechanism, including a hammer 41. The hammer is pivoted on a transverse pin 42, and is conthereon, when the hammer is in cocked position. Forward from the shoulder the peripheral surface 51 of the hammer is concentric with the pivot 42. VVhenever'the hammer is displaced from cocked position the engagement of nose 49 with surface 51 holds the trigger and associated parts in hammer releasing position. A manually actuated trigger controlling safety stud 471, mounted in the trigger plate for transverse sliding movement between safe and firm positions, cooperates with a ledge 472 which extends upwardly and rearwardly from the trigger. In one position of the stud 471 the ledge 472 engages the side of the stud and movement of the trigger is blocked. In the other position of stud 471 ledge 472 may enter a notch 47 3 in the stud, hence the trigger maybe moved. The trigger is pressed into engagement with a pivoted L shaped sear 52 by means of a light spring 521 interposed between the trigger and the trigger plate and occupying a recess in the trigger. The sear 52, which is pivoted at 53, comprises two downwardly extending projections 54 and 55 on opposite sides of the pivot 53. The forward projection 54 is normally in engagement with the trigger, while the rear projection 55 is spaced from the trigger. Thus there is effected a positive means for limiting the movement of the sear within its operative range. The upwardly extending part of the-sear comprises a nose 56 adapted to engage a notch 57 on the hammer. The sear further comprises a lateral projection 58, for

- a purpose which will be presently explained.

The sear is pressed into engagement'with the hammer and the trigger is held in the position shown in Fig. 1 by means of a spring 59 encircling a plunger 60 pivoted at 61 in the trigger plate and extending into a recess in the sear. Spring 521 is light in compari son with spring 59, so that the sear and trigger are normally held in the position shown in Fig. 1, spring 521 being compressed. The forwardly extending toe of the sear comprises a projection 62 adapted to be engaged by the back of the hammer as the hammer is moved slightly past cocked position by the action bar slide (Fig. 3 this engagement serving-to positively move the sear into hammer engaging position. Anaction bar locking member- 63 pivotally mounted in the trigger plate on the pin 48 is urged to action bar locking position by a spring 65 partly contained in a recess in the trigger plate. Said member 63 comprises a forwardly'exs tending nose 66 adapted to engage-the heel 67 of the action bar slide 14, when the action bar is fully forward and the breech looked, as shown in Fig. 1.

For the purpose of rocking the action bar lock 63 to release the action bar slide when the hammer moves forward,a stiif spring wire 68 is secured in the forward part of the action bar lock, passes beneath a stud 69 thereon and at its rear end 70 extends transversely over the hammer link 44. The hamaction bar lock in effective position, as heretofore stated. However, when the transverse extension 70 ofthe spring engages the cam 71 the spring 68 is stressed sufficiently to overcome the force of the spring 65 and tends to rock the action bar lock to ineifective pofsition.

The present invention further contemplates the provision of a locking device capable of positively blocking the hammer releasing movement of the sear, whenever the action bar lock is inefiective. To this end a sear blocking member 72'is pivoted in the trigger plate on the pin 61 in positionto move behind the lateral projection 58 of the sear. The blocking member 72 is controlled by a springmember 73 somewhat similar to the spring 68. Said spring 73 is-secured to the action bar lock at its forward end, adj acent to spring 68 and, like spring 68, passes under the stud 69. The end of spring 73 is received in a stud 74, rotatably mounted in the sear blocking member 72. When the action bar lock is in its effective (Fig. 1) position spring '73 tends to rock the sear blocking member downward to ineffective position. When, however, the action bar lock is rendered ineffective, either by the forward movement of the hammer or by manual depression of the extending finger piece 75 of the actionbar lock, the stress in spring 73 is reversed, so that it tends'to move the blocking member 72 into sear movement blocking (Fig. 4) position.

WVhen the action bar slide 14 is fully retracted (Fig. 3) it lies partly to the side and entirely clear of the action bar lock 63.- It is necessary therefore, to provide other means to hold the nose of the action bar lock depressed, and thereby prevent the possibility of the release of the hammer from the sear while the action is open. For this purpose a lug 76, fixed to the side ofthe hammer, co.-

operates with a shoulder ,7 7 V on the action bar lock. The hammerv being at this time held retracted by engagement with the lower face.

of the action vbar slidetheaction bar lock is held with the nose 66 depressed, and the parts controlled by the action'bar lock are positioned accordingly.

The operation of the improved mechanism is as follows:

l/Vhen the gun is ready to fire the parts, are inthe position shown in Fig. 1.. The breech is closed and locked by the engagement of foot 24 on thebreech block with .part 27 on the action bar slide. The hammer is held in cocked position by the engagement of scar nose 56 with hammer notch 57 The nose 49 of the trigger rests against the back of the hammer nearthe shoulder 50. The sear and trigger are held in this position by spring 59, the light'spring 521 holding the trigger up against the sear. The ledge 472 is clear ofzthe notch 473, thus the stud 472 maybe moved totrigger blocking position ifso deshoulder 50. The. hammermoves forward impelled by spring As soon as the hammer is d splaced the sear and trigger are locked in their retracted positionsby the engagement of trigger nose 49 with the locking surface '51 concentric'with the hammer pivot.

The safety stud 471 is also locked, ledge occupying notch 473. As the hammer reaches its forward position and the cartridge in the chamber is fired the action bar lock is rotated about its pivot by the engagement of the transverse extension 70 of spring 63 with the cam surface 71 on the hammer spring rodfl The action bar is thus unlocked and simultaneousl 5 rin 78 is stressed so that it tends to move .the sear blocking lug 72 to efiective Y positionbehind thelateral projection 58 of the sear; The scar however is at this time 7 held in retract-ed osition as heretoi'ore ex- 1 a V plalned, so that the block ng lug 72 merely moves into engagement with the under side of the lug 58, spring 73 remaining under an sionand tending to move the blockinglug upward. 1 l I 7 The gun being fired the. action b ar may now be retracted and'on this movement the hammer is cooked by engagement with the lower face of the action bar.slide 14. The relation of. these parts is such that the-hammer is moved slightly past full cocked position and, the back of the hammer engaging the projection62 on the toe of the'sear, scar and trigger are positively moved to hammer holdfire controlv ing positions. -This movement of the trigger is permitted. as soon as the hammer reaches full cocked position, the shoulder having passedr fro n beneath the trigger. nose 49, which isthereupon permitted to move up ward. As an incident to the movement of the trigger, ledge 472 is :withdrawn from notch 473, freeing stud 471 for movement at willto j safe position. As the sear- 'moves forward;

to hammer engaging position this lateral projection 58 rides oif from the blocking lug 72, which lug is now moved by spring 73 behind the sear projection 58, thus locking the sear inhammer holding position. The block-- ing lug, 7 2 remains inthisgpoistion (Fig. 4,)

until the action is fully closed and the action bar lock rocked to itsfFig; 1 position; The

latter movement reverses thestress in spring: 73 and the sear blocking lug is thereupon restored to its ineifective (Fig. 3) position.

If the finger piece 751s now manipulated to release the action bar, the 'member 72 1s at once raised to sear blocking position, and

so remains until the action bar is again locked.

it should be noted that member 73 is substan tiallv rigid, but is suffic ently flexible to be defiebted to the Fig. 2 position while the ham mer is displaced, and suiliciently elastic to be the sear en'gagedwith the hammer.

Variations in "the structure illustrated and described, aswellas in the construction of the firearm to which it is apphedmay be restored to normal when the hammer is cocked v made, it beingunderstood that the embodie.

ment of the invention'herein shownis illustrative rather than. restrictive, the invention. being hmited only by a broad interpretation of. the appended claims.

What is claimed is: a a t 1. Ina firearm, a firing hammer, a holding sear therefor, 21. sear controlling trigger adapted to be moved to cause the sear to release the hammer, and means associated withsaid; trigger and engaging said hammer, adapted to prevent the re'storatlon of the sear to hammer engagingposition while the hammeris displaced from cockedposition 2. In a firearm, a firing hammer, a trigger, a pivoted hammer engaging sear having projections on the opposite sides of its pivot adapted to engage. the trigger, anose on the trigger, and a locking surface on the hammer 3 adapted toengagethe nose when the hammer is out of cocked position, whereby thesear and the trigger are locked against movement 2 to hammer engaging position when the ham-' meris displaced from cocked position.

3. In a'firearm, a firing hammer, movablefrom cocked position to tired position, a trigger, a hammer engagingsear controlled by said trigger, a device forlocking said sear in engagement with said hammer, means tend.-

ing to move said device to lockinggp osition; rendered effcctive'when sa dhan merismoved.

to fired position, and means for preventing movement of said device to locking position until said hammer is returned to cocked position.

4:. In a firearm, a firing mechanism, a trigger, a trigger controlled sear, an action bar, an action bar lock controlled by said hammer, and a sear lock controlled jointly by said action bar lock and said hammer; whereby said sear is locked in hammer engaging position whenever the hammer is cocked and the action bar lock is ineffective, and is locked in retracted position whenever the hammer is dis placed from cocked position.

a trigger provided with a forwardly extend 5. In a firearm in combination, a pivoted firing hammer, a pivoted sear adapted to engage and hold said hammer, a trigger, a plurality of projections on said sear adapted to engage said trigger, a surface on said hammer concentric with its pivot, a notch in said hammer adjacent said concentric surface, a nose on said trigger adapted to engage said notch when said hammer is in cocked position and said concentric surface when said hammer is displaced from cocked position.

6. In a firearm, a hammer, a trigger, a sear adapted to engage said hammer, a plurality of spaced devices associated with said sear adapted to engage said trigger, whereby depression of said trigger is effective to first move said sear to hammer releasing position, then to positively arrest its movement.

7. In a firearm in combination, a firing mechanism movable from cocked position to fired position, a firing mechanism engaging sear, a sear actuating trigger, an action bar, a bar lock movable from effective to ineffective position, means for positively holding said sear in hammer releasing position during the displacement of said firing mechanism from cocked position, and means for positively locking said sear in hammer engaging position when said hammer is cooked and said action bar lock is in ineffective position.

8. In a firearm, in combination, a breech mechanism operating member, a lock therefor, a hammer, a hammer engaging sear, a trigger plate, a sear controlling trigger mounted in said trigger plate, said sear being a separate member from said trigger, and means for preventing the hammer disengaging movement of said sear, pivoted in said trigger plate and controlled by said lock.

9. In a firearm, in combination, a hammer, a hammer engaging sear, movable to disengage the hammer, a trigger plate, a sear controlling trigger pivoted in said trigger plate, and means for preventing the hammer disengaging movement of said sear pivoted in said trigger plate, a spring pressing said sear into hammer engaging position, and carried by a stud pivoted in said trigger plate adjacent said means.

10. In a firearm, in combination, a hammer,

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