US1784760A - Circuit breaker - Google Patents

Circuit breaker Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US1784760A
US1784760A US181289A US18128927A US1784760A US 1784760 A US1784760 A US 1784760A US 181289 A US181289 A US 181289A US 18128927 A US18128927 A US 18128927A US 1784760 A US1784760 A US 1784760A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
arc
plates
deionizing
path
sheets
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US181289A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Slepian Joseph
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
CBS Corp
Original Assignee
Westinghouse Electric and Manufacturing Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to BE350282D priority Critical patent/BE350282A/xx
Priority to NL28429D priority patent/NL28429C/xx
Application filed by Westinghouse Electric and Manufacturing Co filed Critical Westinghouse Electric and Manufacturing Co
Priority to US181289A priority patent/US1784760A/en
Priority to DES81930D priority patent/DE576932C/de
Priority to FR652127D priority patent/FR652127A/fr
Priority to GB10348/28A priority patent/GB288326A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US1784760A publication Critical patent/US1784760A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H9/34—Stationary parts for restricting or subdividing the arc, e.g. barrier plate
    • H01H9/36—Metal parts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H9/34—Stationary parts for restricting or subdividing the arc, e.g. barrier plate
    • H01H9/36—Metal parts
    • H01H2009/367—Metal parts defining a recurrent path, e.g. the subdivided arc is moved in a closed path between each pair of splitter plates

Definitions

  • My invention relates to circuitbreakers and particularly to arc-extinguishing devices thereof.
  • One object of my invention is to provide means for interrupting the flow of electricity through gaseous media.
  • Another object of my invention is the provision of a circuit breaker provided with an arc-interrupting device capable of opening high-voltage, large-current arcs in air or gas without recourse to oil or other arc-quenching media.
  • the arc incident to the opening of a circuit is driven into an endless arc track and maintamed 1n continuous movement on said track until the arc:
  • Fig. 1 is a diagrammatic view of a circuit and preferably the arc.
  • Fig. 2 is a detail view of an end plate embodie'd'in the deionizing structure.
  • Fig. 3 is a detail view of one of the intermediate plates in the deionizing structure
  • Fig. 4 is a detail view of a different intermediate plate in the deionizing structure
  • Fig. 5 is a sectional view along the line v-v of Fig. 7;
  • Fig. 6 is a sectional View along the line- VIVI of Fig. 7 and Fig. 7 is a side view, partly in elevation and partly in section, of the deionizing structure.
  • the present invention is,-in some aspects, a further development of the circuit breaker described in my copending application Serial No. 54,930, filed'Sept. 8, 1925, and assigned to the assigneeiof the present application.
  • the in- is filled with the deionizing sheets. That is, for most rapid deionization, it is desirable that the in-.
  • dividua-l sheets which extend across the arc shall be solid and that the arc shall-be broken up into short arcs which are individually confined between such solid metal sheets.
  • the melting of'the metal would very soon weld the sheets together and render the entire structure inoperative.
  • the close spacing between the deionizing sheets is very essential to a satisfactory operation on high-current, high-voltage circuits if the rate of deionization of the are space is to be made sufiiciently large to permit the construction'of a circuitbreaker now performed -As an additional limitation, the speed of the movement of the are within the deionizing structure had to be relatively low on account of the limited length of the arc chute possible in commercial breakers; with too great arc speed, the arc would be blown from the deionizing structure and would hang at the ends thereof, with entire loss of the deionizing efiect of the structure.
  • the deionizingstructure described in the foregoing application was, to a certain extent, a compromise between the requirement for solid deionizing sheets to increase the rate of deionization of the are a into the arc space in order to ficial cathodes at the time the arc current was passing through zero, but, at other times,
  • the cathode instead of by thermionic electron supply from the cathode.
  • An arc witha cold cathode such as I have described above, may be obtained by causing the arc to move so rapidly over an extended cathode surface, that no point of the cathode surface is subjected to the heat of the are for a time long enough to acquire a high temperature.
  • examination of the trace on the electrode surfaces shows that the current density there is very much greater than for an arc with a hot cathode.
  • an arc may be maintained without producing hot-cathode spots on the arc electrodes ismade use of in orderto provide a deionizing structure in which the arc incident to the opening of a circuit is driven between solid metallic .sheetsand is split up into small arc sections with distinct cathode and anode terminals, the arcs between the individual sheets being maintained in the form which I designated before as coldcathode arc 'discharges.
  • the new arc-driving arrangement is based -on the idea of producing a peculiarly shaped magnetic field which causes the arc to keep on moving at Very high Velocity repeatedly over the same path in a limited space to which the arc is intended to be confined, the high are velocity preventing excessive heating of the arc-terminal surfaces and the adjacent bodies so that the arc takes the form which I havetermed cold-cathode arc.
  • the novel arc-driving arrangement is not limited in lts utility to deionizing structures ofthe type using closely-spaced deionizing sheets disposed transversely to the arc, but it has opened a large number of possibilities in improving other types of electrical apparatus, and particularly switching apparatus utilizing other kinds of are or currentinterrupting structures.
  • the circuit breaker shown in the drawing has the usual main contact members 1 and 2 arranged to be bridged by a main contact brush 3 that is held on a main contact arm 4.
  • the arm 4 is pivoted to swing the brush 3 between the position in which it closes the 8 members in which the circuit breaker is open.
  • the circuit breaker is further provided with an arc-interrupting structure 5 comprising an arcing contact arm (5 having, at its upper end, an arcing contact shoe 7 adapted to engage a tionary arcing contact member 8 for finally interrupting the circuit, the arcing shoe 7 and the stationary arcing contact member 8 being suitably connected, as by means of conductors 9 and 10 that'inelude main blow-out windings 11, in parallel to the main contact members 1 and 2.
  • the main contact arm 4 and the arcing contact arm 6 are swung to the right by means of a suitable toggle mechanism comprising a bell-crank lever, that is pivoted at 12, and links 13 so arranged that, in opening th circuit breaker, the brush 3 is first lifted from the contact members 1 and 2, diverting the current from the brush into the shunting circuit through the arcing contact arm 6', arcing contact shoe 7, stationary contact member 8, conductors 9 and 10, and blow-out winding 11. Further movement of the bell-crank lever fully opens the circuit by swinging arm 6 to the right, thus bringing about disengagement of the arcing contact shoe 7 and the stationary arcing contact member 8 at their arcing tips 14.
  • a suitable toggle mechanism comprising a bell-crank lever, that is pivoted at 12, and links 13 so arranged that, in opening th circuit breaker, the brush 3 is first lifted from the contact members 1 and 2, diverting the current from the brush into the shunting circuit through the arcing contact arm 6', arcing contact shoe
  • the arc-extinguishing structure to which prises an arc-chute 21 which extends above the space where the are between tips 14 of plates 26 and 27 thus define a straight rectangular chamber 28 having, at its lower end, a downwardly tapered arc-entrance chamber 29 extending between the inclined arc-horn plates 22 and 23 and the lower portions of the pole shoes 25.
  • the magnetic flux induced between the pole shoes 25 has a direction transverse to the plane of the drawing so that, when the circuit breaker is opened and an arc is drawn between the arcing tips 14, the are is blown toward the inclined arcing horn plates 22, 23, and then upwardly along the latter through the entrance chamber until it reaches the straight portion of the arcing chamber 28.
  • the straight portion of the arcing chamber between the arcing plates 26 and 27 is filled with a plurality of solid metallic sheets or plates 31 which I have before designated as the deionizing sheets or grids of the arcinterrupting structure.
  • the individual sheets are insulated from each other, as by means of paper strips at the edges of the sheets; I have, however, omitted these from Fig. 1 of the drawing which indicates only the air spaces between the sheets.
  • circuit-breaker elements described so far, resemble, in every respect, the elements of the circuit breaker described in the aboveidentified prior application, except that, in the present case, the deionizing sheets filling the arc-chamber between the vertical terminal plates 26 and 27 are solid instead of perforated.
  • deionizing sheets filling the arc-chamber between the vertical terminal plates 26 and 27 are solid instead of perforated.
  • a circular extension 32 is provided into which the are from the straight portion 28 of the deionizing structure is driven and whereiii it is vcaused to travel along a closed path 33 around the center of the circular extension.
  • the deionizing sheets are as shown in Fig. 3.
  • each of the end plates 26 and 27 While the straight portion of each of the end plates 26 and 27 is solid throughout its entire breldth, the straight portions of the intermediate deionizing sheets 31 have tapere'd slots 36 which are wide at the bottom and narrow down toward the top, each slot termmatmgat a point. I shall later explain the reasons for providing the tapered slots in the individual deionizing sheets.
  • the circular portions of the end plates 26 and 27 -and of the individual sheets 31 of the deionizing chamber have central holes or openings 37.
  • the sheets 31 have narrow radial slots- 38 in their circular portions, for reasons which will be explained later.
  • I cause it to travel along the closed circular path 33 by provide ing a radial magnetic field, indicated by the arrows 42.
  • this radial field causes the arcs between the plates of the deionizing structure to trave1 around it continuouslyin a circular path as long as such arcs remain in existence.
  • the radial field 42 is'obtained by means of suitable exciting coils arranged at intervals between the sheets to give a field of the required shape and strength, in a manner now to be explained.
  • Fig. 1 there are two main groups of deionizing sheets 43 and 44, each group consisting of nine P-shape sheets. Between the left hand sheet of group 43 and the left-hand arc-terminal plate 27, is
  • a radial field coil 45 which is connected between the terminal plate 27 and the nearest deionizing sheet of the group 43. With the current in the coil 45 flowing in the direction indicated by the arrow. a radial magnetic field will be produced in the narrow spaces between the dcionizingsheets of the group 43, the dotted lines 46 indicating the direction and distribution in space of this fiux.
  • the exciting coils 45,-I provide a plurality of washers 47 ofmagnetic material along the return path of this radial magnetic flux.
  • a coil 54 disposed to the right of the deionizing group which is connected in the same manner as the left hand coil 45 and which is similarly associated with a set of magnetic washers 55, provides for the radial flux in the right-hand portion of the deionizing group 44.
  • the plates 31 have radial slots 38 which prevent their annular portions from acting as short circuited turns to damp out the magnetic field due to the coils 45, 48, 49 and 54.
  • the deionizing sheets consist of only the straight lower extensions 61 shown in Fig. 4 of the drawings.
  • Three sections 62, 63, and 64 of such short grids are provided in the structure below these three sets of cirin the resulting structure which may be roughly described. as of V-shape. The reason for providing this V-shape groove will now be explained;
  • the arc may be made, to transfer readily to the plates of'the deionizing structure and there to operate as a series of cold-cathode arcs kept in motion by such means as the magnetic field herein described.
  • the density of ionization has been raised by the resulting current concentration to such a degree that the currents which flow to the metal plates are great enough to cause thermal ionization of the gas adjacent to the cold metal plates.
  • the cold-cathode discharge becomes possible between the plates 31 of the the are readily transfers, under the influence of the magnetic field, to the space between the plates above the apex of the V- shape groove.
  • the arc sections in the plate groups 62, 63, 64 are shunted by the low-resistance coils 45,48, 49, 54, so that the current diverts from these arc'sectionsiinto the coils.
  • the current in the arc sections 62, 63, 64' has reduced to zero, the coils 45, 48, 49, 54 carrying all the current and producing the radial magnetic field which drives the remaining are sections around and around the circular portion of the chute.
  • the contour to be given to the tapering slots above described in the deionizing plates depends upon many factors, such as the amount of current to be interrupted, the strength ofthe blowout magnet and thedynamics of air flow in the structure. eral, we may say that the taper must be sufiiciently gradual.
  • the alternative is presented to it of standing still and being subj ected to the blast of air due to the action of the magnetic field, or of moving with the air and being subjected to the increased constriction ot' the slot. Either alternative causes its "voltage tobe raised and, evidently, it will follow that alternative which will give the least rise involtage.
  • the slot should, therefore, be so designed that the rise in voltage in the are due to the increasing taper .is less than the rise in voltage which would be produced 1 1? the are stood still and was subjected to the air blast produced by the magnetic field. to interrupt.10,000 amperes at 2500 volts on a 60 cycle circuit, for example, a slot which doubles in width for every one half inch of length has been found to be etlective.
  • the layers of air which are still ionized may be considered as part of the electrode plates, and the layer throughout which deionization has become complete becomes the real insulating medium under break-down stress. If this layer is thinner than that corresponding to the minimum breakdown voltage above-mentioned, the presence of that voltage across the adjacent electrode plates is naturally incapable of causing a new rupture in that deionizing layer, no matter how thin it may be. Un the other hand, if this layer has become thicker than the gap corresponding to minimum break-down voltage, the voltage on the electrode plates is likewise incapable of causing its rupture.
  • deionizing eflect is, in general, greater the Economy of space, therefore, calls for as close a spacing of plates as possible.
  • considerations of mechanical rigidity, difficulties of manufacture andthe danger of foreign substances finding lodgment between the plates and bridging the gaps set a limitation on the closeness with which the plates may be spaced.
  • One-sixteenth of an inch has been chosen as a compromise between these con-. flicting requirements.
  • the thickness of plates it should be so chosen that the heat stored in the plates in an operation of the switch shall not raise their temperature unduly. Calculations show that it is only a thin skin of metal on the surface of each plate that can be effective in absorbing heat each time the arc passes a given point, so that thickness of plate has little influence on the speed which it is necessary to give the arc to prevent melting of the plates.
  • mechanical and manufacturing considerations are really the controlling factor in determining the selection of a thickness of one-sixteenth of an inch for the plates 31. Good heat conductivity and a high specific heat are important in fixing the permissible smallest speed of the arc, and so lead to the use of copper as a good material for the plates.
  • the series of deionizing plates constitutes a series of condensers, with the line. voltage impressed between its outside terminal members.
  • An uneven distribution of this voltage among the various condensers may cause more than 300 volts to be impressed upon one pair of plates during the deionizing period, with. consequent reignition of the are there, thus throwing an increased gradient on the remaining members, so that, in this way, throughout the .whole series the arcs between plates may reignite under a voltage which would have been insuflicient to cause reignition if it had been distributed in a uniform manner.
  • electrostatic shielding may be resorted to.
  • 70,71, 72, 73, 74 and 75 in Fig. 1 show a shield of a type which makes the voltage distribution more uniform.
  • the shield comprises conducting sheets enveloping the deionizing structure and insulated from it by its casing.
  • the conducting sheets intercept the lines of electric force which would otherwise extend from the grid plates to neighboring objects at ground potential.
  • the component of charging current corresponding to an electric field extending to ground is thus replaced by one corresponding only to the electric field between the plates 31 and the conducting sheets just mentioned.
  • the potential of the latter is determined by 7 plates 31 which it covers are charged; plate 74 to have nearly the means of the potentials of plates 31 near-the middle of the deionizing structure; and sheets 7 5 to have nearly the mean of the potentials of plates 31 nearer end plate 26.
  • This solution of the problem presented by uneven potential distribution between the plates is not limited to a series of three shielding members denoted by 7 3,' 74. and '75 but may be extended to comprise any desired number of elements vhere a hi her line volt ageor other conditions make it desirable to do so.
  • the deionizing plates 31 are assembled in units of 9 plates, each pair of plates being separated by annular washers of fishpaper, one washer separating the outer edges of the plates and the other washer separating the plates at their inner edges.
  • the magnetizing coils 45, 48, 49 and 54 At each side of each unit of' 9 plates are assembled the magnetizing coils 45, 48, 49 and 54, while outside of these are the iron plates 47, 53 and 55 already de scribed.
  • As many sets of these units as are necessary, in consideration of the line voltage, are assembled on a cylindrical core 7 6 of some suitable insulating material, and an insulating plate 77 is provided at the rear.
  • the lower portion of the deionizing structure comprising the deionizing plates 31 and 61 with their fish-paper separators and the end-plates 26, 27 and 77, are pressed firmly together by a pair of through bolts 83 acting thereon through spacing members 84, 85 and 86 of micarta.
  • the sides of insulating shell are held firmly pressed against the edges of the fish-paper separators for the lowerparts of plates 31 and 61 by spacing member 84 just mentioned.
  • Fig. 6 makes this construction clear.
  • the lower portions 87 of the insulating shell extend down and form the side-walls of the chute 0r chamber'in which the arc is drawn between arcing contacts 7 and 8, as previously described.
  • th e side walls are lined with plates 88 of soapstone. The are causes a slight vaporization of the metal of arc-shoe 7 and, to prevent the condensation of this metal from forming a continuous conducting coating across the face ofthe soapstone between arc horns 22 and 23, narrow deep grooves 89 are provided in the plates 88.
  • the are horns 22 and 23 are bolted to plates 88 to form a unitary structure therewith, fitting snugly between the sides of shell 87, and supported therein by insulating spacers 90, the upper face of this structure abutting against the lower endof end plates 26- and 27, as Fig. 7 shows.
  • Flexible connectors 91 and 92 electrically connect arc horns 22 and 23 with end plates 26 and 27.
  • the deionizing structure proper thus constituted, is provided, on each side of the arcing chamber, with iron pole shoes 93 which fit tigthly against thepole faces 25 of the core 24 of the blowout magnet.
  • the blowout magnet is energized by the windings 11 scription.
  • FIG. 1 shows the windings near the rear of the breaker; in the practical embodiment shown in Figs. 5, nearer the front.
  • the entire deionizing structure thus constructed is supported, on the framework which supports'the gnain contacts 1, 2 and the operating levers, by an insulator 95; and the lower parts of side plates 87 are bolted to a shoulder 96 on the main contact 1.
  • V-shape groove in the deionizing structure .which facilitates the transfer of the arc to the annular portion of the upper path of the deionizing chamber, it will be clear that the use of such an annular portion to deionize the arc is not dependent. upon the of a V-shape groove. In-many inpresence stances, it will be possible to cause the arc: to transfer to operation between the deionizing plates, and to thus utilize the expedient of driving the are about an annular path, even although no such V-shape groove is part of the device. On the other hand, it will be clear that, for
  • the provision of the slots in the soapstone walls of the chute is a valuable feature not limited to, use in connection with the V-shape groove or the deionizing structure generally.
  • Circuit-interrupting means comprising a pair of members between which an arc maybe drawn and deionizing means adjacent the plates disposed to subdivide the are into a ach series of short arcs and of such configuration as to provide-a recurrentpath for said short arcs.
  • Circuit-interrupting means comprising a pair of members between which an arc may be drawn, deionizing'means adjacentthe arc path comprising; a series of metal plates arranged to subdivide the arc into a series of short arcs; having such configuration as to provide a recurrent path for said short arcs and means to cause said short arcs to traverse said recurrent path.
  • Circuit-interrupting means comprising a pair of members between which'an arc may be drawn, means to abstract energy from the sides of the arc, travel of said are to a recurrent path.
  • Circuit-interrupting means comprising a pair of members between which an arc may be drawn, means'adjacent to opposite sides of the arc path to absorb energy there-from, means to impel the are into the space between said energy-absorbing means and deionizing means adjacent tothe arc path comprising a plurality of metal plates disposed to subdivide the arc into a series ofshort arcs having such configuration as to provide a recurrent path for said short arcs.
  • Circuit-interrupting means comprising a pair of members between whichan arc may drawn, means adapted to deionize an are when brought into contact therewith and means to confine the travel of saidarc to a recurrent path adjacent said deionizing meansf- Q -6.
  • Circuit-interrupting means compr sing comprising a plurality of metal.
  • Circuit-interrupting means comprising a pair of members between which an arc may be drawn, a pluralitvof metal plates positioned in a portion of the arc path, means to deflect said are toward said metal plates, means to provide a recurrent path for said arc and means to-cause said are to traverse said recurrent path.
  • Circuit-interrupting means comprising a pair of members between which an arc may rawn, a plurality of metal plates positioned in a portion of the arc path, means are when brought into contact therewith, m ans adapted to provide a recurrent path for said arc and means to cause said are to traverse said recurrent path.
  • Circuit-interrupting means comprising a pair of members between which an arc may be drawn, a plurality of metalplates positioned in a portion of the arc path and having notches tapering to an apex, means to deflect said are toward -said metal plates, means adapted to deionize an are when brought into are and means to cause said arc to contact therewith, means to provide a re current path for said are and means to cause said'arc to traverse said recurrent path.
  • Circuit-interrupting means comprising a pair of members between which an arc may be drawn, means adjacent the sides of the arc ing a pair of members between which an arc may be drawn,
  • a structure comprising a ser1es of spaced metal plates positioned in a portion of the arc path and having notches which taperto an apex to form a substantially V-shape groove in said structure, means to deflect the are into said V-shape groove, said notches tapering to an apex to comprising a plurality of s notches and said plates being so formed and spaced that when the arc is running in the apex of said groove, the density of ionization is so reat as to make it ca able of readily trans erring to a cathode w ich is substantially not thermionically emissive, deionizing means ad'acent the apex of said groove comprising a flurality of spaced conducting plates disposed to subdivide the are into a series of short arcs, and of such configuration as to provide a recurrent path for said short arcs and means to cause said short arcs to traverse said recurrent path.
  • Circuit-interrupting means comprising a pair of: members between which an arc ma be drawn, a structure comprising a plurahty of spaced conducting plates positioned in a portion of the arc path and having notches taperingto an apex to form a substantially V-shape groove in said structure,
  • one or more separate deionizing units adjacent the apex of said groove each comprising a plurality of spaced conducting plates disposed to subdivide the are into a series of short arcs and of suchconfiguration as to provide recurrent paths for said short arcs, and windin s connected in series with said separate units and disposed to set up magnetic fields at right angles to said recurrent paths.
  • Circuit-interrupting means comprising a pair of members between which anarc may be drawn, a structure comprising a plurality of spaced conducting plates positioned in a portion of the-arc path and having form a substantially V- hape groove in said structure, means to deflect the are into said V-shape groove, one or more separate deionizing units adjacent the apex of :saidgroove, each unit comprising a pluralit of spaced conducting plates disposed to su divide the are into a series of short arcs and of such configuration as to provide recurrent paths for said short arcs, windings at each end of each de-ionizing. unit connectedv in series with said separate units and so disposed as to set up magnetic fields at right angles to said recurrent paths, and magnetic return paths for the flux of said fields between said deionizing units.
  • Circuit-interrupting means comprising a pair of members between which an arc may be drawn, a structure comprising a plurality. of spaced conducting plates positioned in a portion of the are path and having notches tapering to anapex to form a substantially V-shape groove in said structure, means to deflect the are into groove, one or more separate deionizing units adjacent the apex of said groove, each unit aced plates not over one-eighth of an inch t ick, and spacednot over one-eighth of an inchapart, dissaid V-shape.
  • each deionizing unit connected 1n serles with said separate units and so disposed as to set up magnetic fields along radii of said recurrent paths, and mag netic return paths for the flux of said fields between said deionizing means.
  • Circuit-interrupting means comprising a pair of members between which an arc may be drawn, a structure comprising a plurahty of spaced conducting plates positioned in a portion of the arc path and having notches tapering to an apex to form a substantially V-shape groove in said structure, means to deflect the arc to said V-shape groove, a deionizing structure comprising a plurality of substantially P-shape conducting plates, and means to cause said are to traverse an annular path through said P- shape plates.
  • Circuit-interrupting means comprising a pair of separable contact members between which an arc may be drawn, a structure comprising a plurality of conducting plates positioned in a portion of the arc path and having notches tapering to an apex to form a substantially V-shape groove in said structure, means to deflect the are into said V-shape groove, one or more separate deionizing units adjacent the apex of said groove,
  • each unit comprising a plurality of spaced substantiall P-shape conducting plates disposed to su -divide the are into a series of short arcs and of such configuration as to provide recurrent paths for said short arcs,
  • Circuit-interrupting means comprising a pair of members between which an arc;
  • ZO Circuit-interrupting means comprising a pair of separable contact members between which an arc may be drawn, arcing horns positioned toreceive said are from said contact members, means'to progressively constrict said are as it lengthens between said horns, means to progressively increase the potential gradient of said arc as it recedes from said horns and deionizing means positioned to intercept said arc as it recedes comprising a plurality of spaced conducting plates transverse to the arc path, means to provide a recurrent path for said are and means to cause said are to traverse said recurrent path.
  • Circuit-interrupting means comprising a pair of members between which an arc may be drawn, a structure comprising a plurality of spaced conducting plates adjacent the arc path and having notches ta ering to an apex to form a substantially V shape groove in said structure, a magnet to be energized when said are is drawn and positioned to deflect said are into said V-shape groove, one or a more separate deionizingunits alincd with 19 the apex of said groove, each unit comprising a.
  • Circuit-interrupting means comprising a pair of'separable contact members between which an arc may be drawn, a structure comprising a plurality of spaced conduct-ing plates adjacent to the arc path and having notches tapering to an apex to form a substantially V-shape groove in said structure,
  • V-shape groove one ormore separate deionizing units alined with the apex of said groove, eac unit comprising a series of conducting P-shape plates, spaced not over' oneeighth of an inch apart to subdivide the are into a series ofshort arcs, and windings connected in series with said separate units to set up magnetic fields tending to drive said short arcs in a recurrent path about the loop of each P-shape member.
  • Circuit-interrupting means comprising a pair of members between which an arc may be drawn, deionizing means comprising 5 a: plurality of spaced conducting lates positioned to intercept said are and means to cause a uniform distribution of potential differences among said plates when the arccurrent is substantially zero.
  • Circuit-interrupting means comprising a pair of members between which an arc may be drawn, deionizing means comprising a plurality of conducting plates spaced not over one-eighth of-an inch apart and positioned to intercept said are, and means-to cause a uniform distribution of potential difierences among said plates when the arc is extinct.
  • Circuit-interrupting means comprising a pair-of members between which an arc may be drawn, deionizing means comprising a series of spaced conducting plates positioned to intercept said are and of such configuration as to provide a recurrent path for said are, means to cause said are to traverse saidrecurrent path and means to cause a uniform distribution of potential difiere'nces among said plates when the are is extinct.
  • a circuit-intern ing means comprising a pair of members a magnet to be energized when saidarc is electrode at 'such velocity that substantially izing means adjacent the arc path comprising tween which an arc may be drawn, deionizing g means adjacent the arc path comprising a plurality of metal platesxto subdivide the are into a series of short arcs and of such configuration as to provide a recurrent path for said short arcs, and means to cause said short arcs to traverse said recurrent path, the arrangement of said plates being such that the potential difference between a pair of plates never exceeds three hundred volts.
  • Circuit-interrupting means comprising a pair of separable contact-members between which an arc may be drawn, a deionizing chamber having insulating side walls which is substantially enclosed and means for transferring the are to said chamber.
  • a method of extinguishing an electric are which comprises the steps of abstracting energy through the sides of the arc, subdividing the are into a series of shorter arcs S and causing said arcs to traverse a recurrent path.
  • a method of extinguishing an electric are which comprises the steps of subdividing the are into a series of shorterarcs and causing said arcs to traverse a recurrent path.
  • A, method of extinguishing an electric are which comprises the steps of increasing the density of ionization in said are, subdividing said are into a plurality of cold cathode arcs and causing said arcs to traverse a recurrent path.
  • Electric discharge means comprising a plurality of spaced metallic plates and means to cause an are between said plates to traverse a recurrent path thereover.
  • An electric discha 'ge device comprising a metallic electrode nd means to cause an arc to traverse a recurrent path upon said 106 no vaporization of said electrode occurs.
  • circuit-interrupting means comprising a pair of members between which an arc may be drawn, deionizing means adjacent the are path comprising a plurality of metal plates arranged to subdivide theare into a series of short arcs of such configuration as to provide a recurrent path for said short arcs, and means to cause said short arcs to traverse said recurrent path, the arrangement of said plates being such that the potential diflere'nce betweena pair of plates never exceeds that necessary to produce alow discharge.
  • circuit-interrupting means comprising a pair of members between which an arc may be drawn, deiona seriesof metal plates arranged to subdivide the arc into a series of short arcs of such configuration as to provide a. recurrent path for said short arcs, and means to cause said short arcs to traverse said recurrent [3o path, the number of said plates being approximately equal to the voltage of the source divided by the normal cathode drop of the material of which said plates are made.
  • Circuit-interrupting means comprising a pair of members between which an arc may be drawn, and means for causing a substantially uniform distribution of electric potential over the path of the are immediately after extinction of the arc.
  • Circuit-interrupting means comprising means for establishing an arc, a structure comprising spaced conducting plates positioned in a portion of the arc path and of such configuration as to provide a recurrent path for said are, windings disposed to set up magnetic fields perpendicular to said are path and means to impede the induction of currents in said plates by changes of current in said windings.
  • Circuit-interrupting means comprising means for establishing an arc, a plurality of conducting plates positioned in a portion of the arc path and having notches tapering to an apex, said notches halving in width in every longitudinal distance of from one-tenth to two inches, means adapted to deionizean arc when brought into contact therewith, means to provide a recurrent path for said are and means tocause said are to traverse said recurrent path.
  • Circuit-interrupting means comprising means for establishing an arc, a plurality of spaced conducting plates positioned in a path traversed by said are and means for causing a substantially uniform distribution of electric potential among said plates after interruption of the arc.
  • circuit-interrupt ing means comprising a pair of members between which an arc may be drawn, means adapted to deionize an are when brought into contact therewith and means to confine the travel of said are to a recurrent path adjacent said deionizing means.

Landscapes

  • Arc-Extinguishing Devices That Are Switches (AREA)
US181289A 1927-04-06 1927-04-06 Circuit breaker Expired - Lifetime US1784760A (en)

Priority Applications (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE350282D BE350282A (de) 1927-04-06
NL28429D NL28429C (de) 1927-04-06
US181289A US1784760A (en) 1927-04-06 1927-04-06 Circuit breaker
DES81930D DE576932C (de) 1927-04-06 1927-10-01 Entionisierungseinrichtung zur Loeschung von Wechselstromlichtboegen
FR652127D FR652127A (fr) 1927-04-06 1928-04-03 Perfectionnements aux interrupteurs de circuits
GB10348/28A GB288326A (en) 1927-04-06 1928-04-05 Improvements relating to electric circuit breakers

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US181289A US1784760A (en) 1927-04-06 1927-04-06 Circuit breaker

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US1784760A true US1784760A (en) 1930-12-09

Family

ID=22663644

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US181289A Expired - Lifetime US1784760A (en) 1927-04-06 1927-04-06 Circuit breaker

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US1784760A (de)
BE (1) BE350282A (de)
DE (1) DE576932C (de)
FR (1) FR652127A (de)
GB (1) GB288326A (de)
NL (1) NL28429C (de)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2625627A (en) * 1947-02-27 1953-01-13 Canadian Controllers Ltd High-voltage contactor system
US4011425A (en) * 1975-01-03 1977-03-08 I-T-E Imperial Corporation Arc chute extension for increased interruption rating
EP3671787A1 (de) 2018-12-19 2020-06-24 ABB Schweiz AG Elektrisches schaltsystem

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2112033A (en) * 1934-09-12 1938-03-22 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Circuit interrupter
BE517653A (de) * 1952-12-22 Merlin Gerin
DE1203345B (de) * 1962-07-31 1965-10-21 Licentia Gmbh Einrichtung zum Erzeugen einer Gegen-EMK in einer elektrischen Gasentladung, wie insbesondere in einem Lichtbogen
DE1210472B (de) * 1962-11-22 1966-02-10 Licentia Gmbh Lichtbogenloeschkammer
IT712788A (de) * 1963-08-21

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2625627A (en) * 1947-02-27 1953-01-13 Canadian Controllers Ltd High-voltage contactor system
US4011425A (en) * 1975-01-03 1977-03-08 I-T-E Imperial Corporation Arc chute extension for increased interruption rating
EP3671787A1 (de) 2018-12-19 2020-06-24 ABB Schweiz AG Elektrisches schaltsystem
US11335524B2 (en) 2018-12-19 2022-05-17 Abb Schweiz Ag Electrical switching system

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL28429C (de)
BE350282A (de)
GB288326A (en) 1929-01-24
DE576932C (de) 1933-05-20
FR652127A (fr) 1929-03-05

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US2442199A (en) Circuit interrupter
US2243040A (en) Circuit interrupter
US2356040A (en) Arc control device
US2825008A (en) Lightning arresters
US1927904A (en) Circuit breaker
US1784760A (en) Circuit breaker
US1819207A (en) Circuit breaker
US2249499A (en) Electric circuit interrupter
US2208399A (en) Electric switch
US2446027A (en) Arc chute
US1932061A (en) Circuit breaker
US2030582A (en) Circuit controlling method and apparatus
US2365509A (en) Circuit interrupting device
US2112033A (en) Circuit interrupter
US2242905A (en) Circuit interrupter
US1861128A (en) High-power circuit-breaker
US1916418A (en) Circuit breaker
US2313159A (en) Circuit interrupter
US2654012A (en) Circuit interrupter
US3611045A (en) Lightning arrester sparkgap assembly having opposed electromagnetic field-generating means for controlling arc movement
US2439952A (en) Circuit interrupter
US2137873A (en) Circuit breaker
US4151391A (en) Contact arrangement for a pressurized gas circuit breaker
US2697154A (en) Circuit interrupter
US1933859A (en) Electric current rectifier control