US1784570A - Coating metal articles - Google Patents

Coating metal articles Download PDF

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Publication number
US1784570A
US1784570A US315931A US31593128A US1784570A US 1784570 A US1784570 A US 1784570A US 315931 A US315931 A US 315931A US 31593128 A US31593128 A US 31593128A US 1784570 A US1784570 A US 1784570A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
cementation
silicofluoride
mixture
coating
silicon
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US315931A
Inventor
Frederick M Becket
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ELECTRO METALLURG CO
ELECTRO METALLURGICAL Co
Original Assignee
ELECTRO METALLURG CO
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ELECTRO METALLURG CO filed Critical ELECTRO METALLURG CO
Priority to US315931A priority Critical patent/US1784570A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US1784570A publication Critical patent/US1784570A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C10/00—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces
    • C23C10/28—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces using solids, e.g. powders, pastes
    • C23C10/34—Embedding in a powder mixture, i.e. pack cementation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C10/00—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces
    • C23C10/28—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces using solids, e.g. powders, pastes
    • C23C10/34—Embedding in a powder mixture, i.e. pack cementation
    • C23C10/36—Embedding in a powder mixture, i.e. pack cementation only one element being diffused
    • C23C10/38—Chromising
    • C23C10/40—Chromising of ferrous surfaces
    • C23C10/42—Chromising of ferrous surfaces in the presence of volatile transport additives, e.g. halogenated substances
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C10/00—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces
    • C23C10/28—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces using solids, e.g. powders, pastes
    • C23C10/34—Embedding in a powder mixture, i.e. pack cementation
    • C23C10/36—Embedding in a powder mixture, i.e. pack cementation only one element being diffused
    • C23C10/44—Siliconising
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C10/00—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces
    • C23C10/28—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces using solids, e.g. powders, pastes
    • C23C10/34—Embedding in a powder mixture, i.e. pack cementation
    • C23C10/52—Embedding in a powder mixture, i.e. pack cementation more than one element being diffused in one step
    • C23C10/54—Diffusion of at least chromium

Definitions

  • the invention relates to processes for modifying the surfaces of metal articles by cementation.
  • processes of this type are those known commercially .as-
  • both silicon and chromium are introduced into the surface of a metal article to form a corrosion-resistant layer.
  • the present invention is especially adapted to be used in connection with the process of that patent, but it is applicable to other coating or casing processes of the cementation type.
  • the sodium salt, N21 SiF gives superior results, especially where silicon is to be incorporated into the surface coating.
  • the silicofluoride gives a high rate of mix gration, and as compared with known energizers it often gives a denser and more c0- herent coating with a smoother and more uniform surface.
  • ammonium chloride, zinc chloride and like energizers volatilize rapidly, displacing the cementation mixture with the result that contact is destroyed between the mixture and the article under treatment, and oxidizing gases, if present, are permitted to penetrate the mixture and to act on the surface to be coated.
  • the silicofluorides on the contrary, are practically non-volatile at the temperatures involved, and hence avoid the difficulties just described.
  • metal designates a substance having metallic characteristics and containing one or more chemical elements. Silicon for the purposes of this application, is classified as a metal. Where the claims recite silicon as a constituent of a cementation mixture, it will be understood that so-called metallicsilicon or its alloys or silicides is meant.
  • a cementation mixture comprising a silicofluoride and a corrosion-resisting metal.
  • a cementation mixture comprising a silicofluoride and silicon.
  • a cementation mixture comprising a 7 silicofluoride and an alloy containing chromium and silicon.
  • a cementationmixture comprising 0.5% to 10% of sodium silicofluoride and an alloy containing iron, chromium and silicon.

Description

Patented Dec. 9, 1930 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE FREDERICK M. BECKET, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNOR TO ELECTRO METALLURGICAL COMPANY, A CORPORATION OF WEST VIRGINIA COATING METAL ARTICLES No Drawing.
The invention relates to processes for modifying the surfaces of metal articles by cementation. Examples of processes of this type are those known commercially .as-
sherardizing, calorizin and chromiz ing. In a process covere in my Patent No.
1,672,444, dated June 5, 1928, both silicon and chromium are introduced into the surface of a metal article to form a corrosion-resistant layer. The present invention is especially adapted to be used in connection with the process of that patent, but it is applicable to other coating or casing processes of the cementation type.
In cementation coating processes'it is customary to incorporate into the cementation mixture a fiuxing substance designed to expedite and regulate the formation of the desired coating. Such fluxing substances are sometimes called energizers. Ammonium chloride has been Widely and successfully used for this purpose. Zinc chloride has also been used.-
I have discovered that the use of a silico fluoride or fluosilicate as an energizer, for
example the sodium salt, N21 SiF gives superior results, especially where silicon is to be incorporated into the surface coating. The silicofluoride gives a high rate of mix gration, and as compared with known energizers it often gives a denser and more c0- herent coating with a smoother and more uniform surface. At the higher cementation temperatures, ammonium chloride, zinc chloride and like energizers volatilize rapidly, displacing the cementation mixture with the result that contact is destroyed between the mixture and the article under treatment, and oxidizing gases, if present, are permitted to penetrate the mixture and to act on the surface to be coated. The silicofluorides, on the contrary, are practically non-volatile at the temperatures involved, and hence avoid the difficulties just described.
The use of a silicofluoride energizer re- Application filed October 29, 1928. Serial No. 315,931.
quires no change with respect to the other constituents of the mixture. Excellent results have been had using a mixture containing powdered iron-chromium-silicon alloy parts; alumina 45 parts; and sodium silicofluoride 2.5 parts. The alloy contained approximately Cr 40% and Si 20%. As in the case of other energizers the action of the silicofluoride is analogous to that of a catalyst, and the proportion used is not a matter 55 of great importance. Merely by way of example it may be stated that a proportion of silicofluoride between 0.5% and 10% is suitable, but a useful efl'ect can undoubtedly be obtained with a content outside this range.
In the appended claims, the term metal designates a substance having metallic characteristics and containing one or more chemical elements. Silicon for the purposes of this application, is classified as a metal. Where the claims recite silicon as a constituent of a cementation mixture, it will be understood that so-called metallicsilicon or its alloys or silicides is meant.
I claim 1. A cementation mixture comprising a silicofluoride and a corrosion-resisting metal.
2. A cementation mixture comprising a silicofluoride and silicon.
3. A cementation mixture comprising a 7 silicofluoride and an alloy containing chromium and silicon.
4. A cementationmixture comprising 0.5% to 10% of sodium silicofluoride and an alloy containing iron, chromium and silicon.
5. The process of forming a coating on a ferrous article which comprises heating the article in contact with a mixture containing a silicofluoride and a corrosion-resisting metal until cementation occurs.
6. The process of forming a coating on a ferrous article which comprises heating the article in contact with a mixture containing a silicofluoride and silicon until cementation occurs.
7 The process of forming a coating on a ferrous article which comprises heating the article in contact with a mixture containing a silicofluoride and an alloy containing chr0- mium and silicon until cementation occurs.
8. The process of forming a coating on a ferrous article which comprises heating the article in contact with a mixture containing a silicofiuoride and an alloy containing iron, chromium and silicon until cementation occurs.
In testimony whereof, I afiix my signature.
FREDERICK M. BECKET.
US315931A 1928-10-29 1928-10-29 Coating metal articles Expired - Lifetime US1784570A (en)

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2681869A (en) * 1950-08-24 1954-06-22 Duriron Co Surface-modifying metal articles by action of an impregnating or alloying metal and composition therefor
DE974190C (en) * 1949-08-05 1960-10-13 Onera (Off Nat Aerospatiale) Device for the production of metallic diffusion coatings
US3753668A (en) * 1970-04-16 1973-08-21 Api Corp Diffusion coated metallic substrate

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE974190C (en) * 1949-08-05 1960-10-13 Onera (Off Nat Aerospatiale) Device for the production of metallic diffusion coatings
US2681869A (en) * 1950-08-24 1954-06-22 Duriron Co Surface-modifying metal articles by action of an impregnating or alloying metal and composition therefor
US3753668A (en) * 1970-04-16 1973-08-21 Api Corp Diffusion coated metallic substrate

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