US1769997A

US1769997A - Steam boiler

Info

Publication number: US1769997A
Application number: US622720A
Authority: US
Inventors: David S Jacobus
Original assignee: Babcock and Wilcox Co
Current assignee: Babcock and Wilcox Co
Priority date: 1923-03-05
Filing date: 1923-03-05
Publication date: 1930-07-08
Anticipated expiration: 1947-07-08

Description

y 8, D. s. JACOBUS 1,769,997

STEAM BOILER I Filed March 5, 1923 SSheets-Sheet 1 IN VEN TOR.

y 1930- D. s. JACOBUS 7 1,769,997

STEAM BOILER Filed March 5, 1925 5 Shet-Sheet 2 Fig.2-. I a;

[III IN INVENTOR. 0&01] W BY A TTORNEYS.

July 8, 19 0. D. s. mom 1,769,991

STEAM BOILER Filed March 5, 1923 5 Sheets-Sheet 3 IN V EN TOR.

M ATTORNEYS.

July 8, 1930; D. s. JACOBUS STEAM BOILER Filed March 5, 1925' s Sheets-Sheet 4 'mmvrox J6: ATTORNEYS y 8, 1930. D. s. JACOBUS 1,769,997

STEAM BOILER Filed March 5, 1923 Y 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 l [I (1 I M l (2:1 i 4 AW v Patented Jul 8, 1939 UNITED STATES PA-TENT, orFicE DAVID s. JACOBUS, on ERSEY c1rY, NEw-J EnsEY, 'AssIeNon. TO THE BABCOGK a;

I wILcox COMPANY, or nmzonnn, NEW JERSEY, A conromrrron on NEW JERSEY STEAM 301mm Application filed March 5, 1923. Serial in. 522,720.

5 .a feed pump to flow in series, and the second 'a circulatorysection in which natural circulation takes place, the: gases passing in succession over the circulatory and the. series sections.

in the specification'and will be particularly pointed out in the claims.

My invention will best be understood by reference to the accompanying drawings, in

which Figure 1 is a longitudinal section through a steam boilerand its setting.em-

bodying one form of my invention; Fig. 1 1 is a section on an enlarged scale showing some :of the details; Fig. 2 is a sectional plan view aOf a portion of Fig. 1; Fig. 3 is a section taken along the line 3-3 of Fig.1, looking to the ,right; Fig. 4: is a longitudinal section showing my invention in a modified form of boil er; Fig. 5 is a fragmentary section illustratingstill another form ofsteam boiler em- 3() ends of the tubes of the series boiler of Fig. 5

and the header, and Fig. 8 is a sectional view generally similar to Fig. 1 and illustrating a further modification of my invention.

Like reference characters indicate like parts throughout the drawings.

Referring, now, to the drawings, and first to Figs. 1, 2 and 3, 10 and 11 are the front and rear walls, respectively, of the setting,

and 12 an intermediate wall extending acrossthe boiler between the side walls 13 and14.

(See Figs. 2 and 3). The roof of the boiler is indicated at 15. The furnace here illustrated isarranged for burning liquid fuel, the fuel burners being indicated at 16, to which liquid fuel is supplied by a pipe 17. The in-' tel-mediate wall 12 is preferably provided with a refractory lining 18 which is extended beneath the furnace chamber and forms the upper portion. of the wall 12.

' The series section of the boiler or the sec- Other objects of my invention will appear tion throughwhich water and steam areforced,lwhich Ihave indicated generally in 1 atA, comprises, in the form here shown, headers 19 arrangedone above the other, the uppermost header 19 being sealed against an auxiliary wall "20, as shown, the

headers preferably forming a wall or baflle 9 which, in turn, forms with the intermediate wall 12 and the side walls 13 and-14, a flue 21, in which the tubes 2210f the series sec"- tion of; the .boiler are located. It will,'of- 7 course, 'be understood that suitable packing is placed between the headers to prevent short-circuiting of the gases past the head ers. In the form-of my invention here illustrated, the tubes 22 are made of progresr.

sively shorter lengths the longest tubes 23 being disposed at the upper part of the. series section where they are contacted by the hottest gases, the free ends of the tubes of this bank preferably beingsupported by a shelf 24 formed in the wall 12. The tubes 25 beneath the tubes 23 are shorter than the latter and their free ends are preferably supported by a shelf 26. The lowest and shortest tubes 27 of the boiler are preferably supported by transverse members 28, spacing strips 29 preferably being disposed between the bends of the various U-tub-es near their ends for holding them in position. The U-tubes are connected to the adjacently located headers, the connections being such as.

to cause the water from the feed pump to flow into the lowermost header and the fluid to flow from the lowermost header and through the tubes and headers in series to thetop of the boiler section A. Each header is connected to the next one bya row of tubesthere is a series-parallel flow through this section,-which is called the series. section 'to, distinguish it from the natural circulation section of the boiler which'will be described as shown, and are then bent backwardly and inclined, as at and are connected to a steam and water drum 31 which is located above the series section of the boiler. The steam and water drum 31 forms part of the circulatory section, which I have indicated generally at B, and which also comprises pipes 32, connected to the lower portion of the drum 31 outside of the side wall 13, the opposite ends of the tubes being connected to a drum 33 which is preferably partially enclosed by the wall 12, as indicated, and which is preferably of considerably smaller proportions than the steam and water drum 31. The drum 33 is connected to the steam and water drum 31 by another series of tubes 34 which are preferably curved upwardly somewhat, as indicated, and which preferably enter the steam and water drum at a point above the water level therein, as do the pipes 30, a spatter plate 35 preferably being located in the drum 31 in front of the orifices of the

pipes

34 and 30. A natural circulation will thus be set up in the section B of the boiler, the water passing from the steam and water drum 31 through the pipes 32 to the drum 33, from which the steam and water are returned to the drum 31 through tubes 34.

The gases from the furnace 36 pass over the wall 12 and first contact the tubes 34 of the circulatory section of the boiler and then pass downwardly over the tubes of the se ries section.v The tubes of the circulatory section thus serve to reduce the temperature of the ases before the strike the tubes of the series boiler, there y making it easier to maintain the furnace brickwork, and, at the same time, relieving the tubes of the series boiler from the severe strains to which they would be subjected if they were engaged directly by the hottest gases. The gases on leaving the series section of the boiler pass successively throu h an opening 37 beneath the headers throug a chamber 38 and an outlet flue 39.

In the form of my invention illustrated in Fig. 4, the series section A of the boiler is generally similar to that illustrated in Fig.-

1, the pipes 30 from the last header leading to the steam and water drum 31. The circulatory section B comprises a lower header or drum 40 which is connected to the steam and water drum 31 by a plurality of tubes 41 which are here shown as parallel, and a part of which are preferably located outside of the side in a manner not shown, to assist the circulation. In this form of m invention, an outlet steam pipe 42 leads l' iom the steam and water drum 31 to the inlet header 43 of a superheater, indicated generally at 44, the inlet header being connected by upwardly extending U-tubes 45 to the outlet header 46. The gases from the furnace (not shown) are directed first over the tubes 41,

thereby setting up a circulation in the section B. The gases then pass in succession over the superheater 44 and the series section A of the boiler. In this arrangement, the temperature of the gases is lowered by the circulatory section B before they are brought into contact with either the superheater 44 or the series section A, thereby lessening the tendency of the superheater to burn out, as- Well as relieving the series section A from strain.

In the form of my invention illustrated in Figs, 5, 6 and 7, the section A of the generator comprises lower headers47, to which water is delivered by a supply pipe 48, preferably through an auxiliary header 47*, the connection between the auxiliary header 47 and the headers 47 being made by nipples 47*, each of which is preferably provided with a ferrule 47. The lower headers 47 are connected to upperheaders 49 by a plurality of tubes 50, the steam and Water passing from the headers 49 to the steam and water drum 31 by nipples 51. The circulatory section B of the boiler comprises tubes 41 connecting the drum 40 to the steam and water drum 31, part of the tubes being located in the flue, while others, 41*, are located outside of the setting. With the arrangement here shown, the lower ends of the tubes 50 are preferably provided with ferrules 52, in order to equalize the flow of water from the headers 47 to the various tubes 50 connected thereto. Furthermore, the provision of the ferrules increases the resistance to the flow of the water to the tubes, which is an advantage in this type of boiler, thereby preventing local circulation between the tubes of the section. Sulficient resistance to the flow of water may, in this, as in the other illustrated arrangements, however, be produced by using small diameter tubes.

In Fig. 8 I have illustrated another form of my invention, in which the series section, A of the boiler is the same as that shown in Fig. 1. The circulatory section B of the .boiler comprises an upper steam and water drum 31 into which the steam and water from the series section A of the boiler is led by tubes 30". This modification also has the upper and

lower drums

31 and 53 connected by tubes outside the furnace to assist the circulation in a manner similar to that described in connection with the other views. The

steam and water drum 31 is connected to a lower steam and water drum 53 by a bank of tubes 54. The gases from the furnace 36 pass upwardly over the tubes 54, setting up a circulation of the steam and water in the section B and thence pass downwardly over the series section A. The roof here shown comprises a section 15 above the boiler, and a lower section 15 at the rear of the boiler, the two sections being connected by a vertical wall section 15.

v tubes.

in which steam is generated. In order to avoid the danger of any of these tubes being burned out, a circulatory system, in which a natural circulation of water is set up by heat,

is interposed between the furnace and the tubes that are connected end to end so as to temper the hot gases before theyreach these I claim 1. A boiler setting having a combustion chamber, means for feeding fuel and air to said combustion chamber, a water tube boiler comprising a plurality of distinct groups of steam generating tubes arranged to be subjected successively to heating gases leaving said combustion chamber, one, ofsaid groups within the boiler setting being constructed to produce a, natural water circulation therein and including a steam and water separator through which the Water of said natural circulating group is circulated, another of said ber whereby to be contacted with gases from which a portion of their heat has been given up to said first named group, said second named group comprising a multiplicity of tubes in parallel having a materially greater heat transfer surface than that of the first group and arranged to provide definitely predetermined flow pathsinsuring a continuously progressive forced Water flow from inlet thereto to discharge therefrom, the heat transfer surfaces of the two groups being so related to each other and to heat output from the combustion chamber as to insure that the gases entering the second group shall be of such quantity and temperature as to progressively heat the water passing therethrough from its inlet temperature to its boiling point and then to evaporatea portion thereof, said forced flow group having a. water pressure supply to its inlet end for insuring such progressive water flow through the group, steam and water conductin means from the discharge of said forced ow group to said separator, and a superheater located in the path of gas flow between said groups of tubes.

2. A boiler setting having a combustion chamber means for feeding fuel and air to said .com ustion chamber, a water tube boiler comprising a plurality of distinct groups of steam generatin tubes arranged to be sub to heating gases leaving tive to gas flow from the combustion chamber whereby to be contacted with gases from which a portion of their heat has been given up to said first named group, said second named group comprising a multiplicity of tubes in parallel, having a materially greater heat transfer surface than that of the first group and arranged to provide definitely predetermined flow paths insuring a continuously progressive forced water fiow from inlet thereto to discharge therefrom, the heat trans.- fer surfaces of the two groups being so related to each other and to heat output from the combustion chamber as to insure that the gases entering the second group shall be of such quantity and temperature as to progressively heat the water passing therethrough from its inlet temperature to its boiling'point and to then evaporate a portion thereof, said forced flow group having a water pressure supply to its inlet end for insuring such progressive water flow through the group,steam and water conducting means from the discharge of said forced flow group to said separator, all of the water passing into the natural circulation group being received from said pressure supply only after passage through said forced flow group. n

3. A boiler setting having a combustion chamber, means for feeding fuel and air to said combustion chamber, a water tube boiler comprising a plurality of distinct groups of steam generating tubes arranged to be subjected successively to heating gases leaving said combustion chamber, one of said groups within the boiler setting being constructed to produce a natural water circulation therein and including a steam and water separator through which the water of said natural circulation group is circulated, another of said groups succeeding the first named group relative to gas flow from the combustion chamber whereby to be I contacted with gases from which a portion of their heat has been given up to said first named group, said second named group comprising a multiplicity of tubes in parallel, having a materially greater heat transfer surface than that of the first .entering the second group shall be of such quantity and temperature as to progressively heat the water passing therethrough from its.

inlet temperature to its boiling point and to then evaporate a portion thereof, said forced flow group having a water pressure supply to its inlet end for insuring such progressive water flow through the group, all of the water assing into the natural circulation group being received from said pressure supply only after passage through said forced flow group, and a multiple number of connections from the discharge end of said forced flow group to said steam and water separator.

; 4. A boiler setting having a combustion chamber, means for feeding fuel and. air to said combustion chamber, a water tube boiler comprising a plurality of distinct groups of steam generatin tubes arranged to be subjected successive to heating gases leaving said combustion c amber, one of said groups within the boiler setting being constructed to produce a natural water circulation therein, another of said groups succeeding the first named group relative to gas flow from the combustion chamber whereby to be contacted with gases from which a portion of their heat has been given up to said first named group, said second named group having a materially I greater heat transfer surface than that of the first group and arranged to provide definitely predetermined flowpaths insuring a continuously progressive forced water flow from inlet thereto to discharge therefrom, the heat transfer surfaces of the two groups being so related to each other and to heat output from the combustion chamber as to insure that the gases entering the second group shall be of such quantity and temperature as to progressively heat the water passing therethrough from its inlet temperature to its boiling point and then to evaporate a portion thereof, said second named group having a Water pressure supply to its inlet end for insuring a progressive flow through the group, steam and water conducting means between the discharge of said second named group and said natural circulation group and a superheater located in the path of gas flow between said groups of tubes.

DAVID S. J ACOBUS.