US1765201A - Heater - Google Patents

Description

June 17, 1 930.-

' G. BoRGEsoN 1,765,2 01

HEATER Filed Jan. 28, 1929 3 Sheets-Sheet l INVENTOR AT ORNEYS Ji 17, 1930. G. B-ORGESON HEATER Filed Jan. 28, 19 29 5 Sheets-Sheet 3 I N VEN TOR.

Patented June 17, 1930 eUsrAvroneEson, or srancusn, New Yoiu:

HEATER v Application filed January 28.1529. Serial No. 335,613.

This invention relates to a heater for heating 'air' or water or for the conversion of water into steam to be used in heating houses or other buildings and for'any other purpose to which it might be applied and is constructed more particularly for the recep tionof and cooperation withbasket grates or firepots of the character set forth inm pending application Serial N 0. 316,422, filed November 1, 1928.

These basket grates are constructed in such manner that air may-be supplied to the fuel from the bottom upwardly and also from the outsideinwardly at different levels of the fuel for the purpose of effecting a more complete distillation and. liberation of the gases so that the latter may be entirely consumed within the combustion chamber resulting in a maximum degree of heat from a minimum quantity of fuel and also reducing to a minimum the escape of unburned gases or smoke through the smoke flue and chimney.

In heaters of this character the heater per se is usually surrounded or inclosed by a separate shell in more or less spaced relation thereto to form either'an air jacket or water jacket in which the'air or water is heated to the desired degree 'of temperature by the heat radiated from the shell of the heater,

and the main object of the present invention is to associate the heat radiating'shell with the fuel basket and combustion chamber in such manneras to obtain a greater amount of heat radiating surface and also a greater degree of heat radiation than has heretofore been practised. v

Another object is to provide the heater I v with a fuel magazine arranged to automati- "4O cally feed the fuel bygr'avity directly over and into the vertical center of the basket in quantities proportionate to the consumption of the fuel. I

Another object is to provide the basket with means for automatically distributing the fuel more or less evenly throughout the interior and around the axis thereof.

Another object is to'provide the heater with an interior supplemental shell sur- 5 rounding the basket and in spaced relation to the outer shellof the heater whereby the highly heated products of combustion from the combustion chamber may be directed over thetop and downwardly around the supplemental shell and then allowed to pass through the lower draft flue into the main flue or chimney so as to obtain a greater heating efficiency of the surrounding air or water than would be possible without the use of the supplemental shell. a

A further object'is to extend the discharge nozzle of the fuel feeding magazine down wardly some di stance into the center of the combustion chamber where it is surrounded by the highly heated products of combustion for preheating the fuel as it discharges into the basket and thereby to accelerate the conversion of the fuel into combustible gases.

Other objects and uses relating to specific parts of the heater will bebrought out in the following description.

In the drawings Figure l is a front elevation, partly in section, of a heater'embodying the various features of my invention, the dotted lines indicating an external jacket surrounding the heater for the reception of air or water which is to be heated. i

' Figure 2 is a in the'plane of vertical sectional view, taken line 2-2, Figure 1.

Figures 3, 4 and 5are horizontal sectional views taken respectively in the planes of lines 3'--3, 4.t being enlarged, broken away.

and -5'5, Figure 2, Figure 5 partly in section and partly As illustrated, this heater comprises a hollow base or ash box 1, a main upright shell '2, an inner supplemental duits -5 and stack 7 which, in turn, is adapted to be connected to a suitable chimney flue The front side of the ash box 1' is provided with the usual'main door 8 upon which is mounted a suitable draft door 9-, one side vided with an attachment to "a desired.

of the ash box being proinlet conduit --10 for n air blower (not shown), if

' The lower end of the main shell 2 is provided with an inturned flange -1l z bolted or otherwise secured to the top wall of the ash boX 2-, the adjacent ends of the ash box 1 and shell -2 being provided with registering openings -12- of relatively large diameter to permit the passage of air therethrough, and alsothe 7 said hopperwhen the lid is opened, said inlet placing and removal of interior parts.

The ash box 1 and shells 2 and 3 are preferably madeof' cast iron, but obviously may be made of boiler iron or other suitable material, the shell 2- being extended upwardly a considerable distance above the upper end of the inner shell 3- and formed with an inwardly and downwardly turned top wall or crown sheet -13.

The central portion of the top wall of the porting the lower end of themagazine l. The lower end of the magazine -4- is removably fitted within the upper, end of the tubular extension -l6 while the remaining superposed portions are flared upwardly and outwardly to form a hopper of relatively large capacity for receiving and retaining a considerable quantity of coal or other solid fuel.

' The upperportionof the hopper or magazine 4 is substantially cylindrical and the front portion thereof is cut away at .-17-- to form an inlet for the fuel and for convenience of introduction ofthe fuel into the" hopper at a lower level than the top of being normally closed by a pendant portion of the lid. V Y

The top of the hopper is normallyclosed by a cover or lid -l8 which may be opened and closed at will to permit'the en trance of fuel through the inlet 17 and 7 also to seal the top of the hopper against escape of gases theret'hrou'gh into the room in'which the heater is located.' 7

'The fuel feed from the magazine +4 into the nozzle -1 l is controlled by a suit-: able damper or dampers consisting of in this instance two, substantially semi circular plate sections ,19 and -'19' having their inner edges secured to a pair of coaxial shaft sections 20-' and ,20

which extend diametrically across theinte rior'of the extension -16'and are jourq naled in the outer walls thereof in about the same plane as the lower end of the hopper 4 within said extension as shown more clearly in Figure 2. Each damper section -19 and l9- is secured to its corresponding shaft 20 and 20 by any suitable means such as setscrews 21- to cause the shafts with their respective dampers thereon to rock unison,

The outer ends of the shafts +20 and -20 are provided with crank arms 22.

and 22 extending radially therefrom in opposite directions, the outer ends of said crank arms being provided with suitable weights -23 and 323 vfor normally holding the dampers -19 and '19lin their closed positions with their outer edges in engagement with the lower end of the hopper 4 as shown in Figure 2; p

The weights -23- and -23 are ad justable along Y their respective crank arms 22- and -22 to substantially counterbalance the weight of the damper sections +19 and l9 and in part, the fuel which may rest thereon, said weights being held in their adjusted positions by set screws 2 i or equivalent fastening means, Figure 5. v

When fuel is present in the hopper -4E+ its weight will be sufiicient to open the damper sections 19- and -19 sufficiently to allow limited quantities of the fuel to pass from the magazine t-- through thenozzle -14 and into the underlying fuel basket .15 but it is evident that when the basket is filled and the surface of the fuel therein assumes a definite angle of repose with its apex in the lower end of the nozzle the downward feed of the fuel through the nozzle will be retarded thereby relieving the pressure of the fuel upon the damper sections -19 and 19- andallowing the latter to be more or less closed by the weights and It is evident, however, that the weights may be adjusted to overcome the weight of the fuel upon the damper sections in which case the weights may be raised by hand. at

any time desired to allow the fuel to feeddownwardly through the chute or nozzle -14;- into' the underlying v fuel basket 15 but as soon as the lifting force upon the weights is withdrawn they will automatically return their dampers toj'their closed position.

' The outlet conduit is disposed in a V plane-"between the upper, end of the inner shell '3- and dome -13 of the shell I -2 while the indirect outlet conduit 6 is disposed in alplane between the lower and upper ends ofthe innershell 3 so that when the conduit 5 is closed the products ofv combustion are caused to circulate,

then downwardly around the same before passing out through the indirect outlet conduit 6 thereby increasing the temperature of the adjacent portion of the outer shell -2- which added to. the intense heat of the portion ofthe outer shell 2 above the inner shell 3 greatly increases the heat radiating area of the outer. shell resulting in a more expeditious heating of the airor water inthe surrounding jacket as ..-A as'shown by dotted lines in Figure 1.

These outlet conduits -5 and -6 preferably lead from the rear side of the heater shell ---2 which is provided in its front side with a fuel inlet opening and door 26 thereforto be used for the insertion of fuel into the fuel basket particularly when starting the'fire in the heater.

The lower end of the inner shell- 3 rests upon the inturned flange 11 of the outer shell 2 and is preferably made in two or more sectionstoperniit them to be installed through the ash box and opening -12leading-therefrom to the inside of the heater shell 2. v e

The front portion of the upper endof the shell 3- on a level with the fuel inlet opening -25 is cut away-and flanged outwardly at 27 coincident with the bottom of the opening 25 to form a shelf along which the fuel may be directed from the opening 25 into the basket 15.

The remaining portions of the upper end of the shell 3- extend above the upper end of the basket 15- to a level between the bottom of the fuel opening +.Z5 and bottom of the direct draft outlet .5 as shown in Figure ,2 to a'ssistin confining the upper portions. of the fuel within the basket,

it'being understood that the front side ofthe upper portion of the shell '3 above 1 the ledge 27 will be flanged against the outer shell -2 at opposite sides of the opening -25- for guiding the fuel into the basket. v

Thevlower end of the inner shell -3 is provided with a series of, in this instance four, inwardly projecting lugs -28 arranged in uniformlyspaced relation circ'um- I ferentially around the axis of said shell and provided with grooves 29 in their upper sides for receiving a corresponding number of arms -30- of a grate-supporting spider -3l similar to that shown in my pend- 7 ing application previously referred to.

That is, the arms 30-,are T-shapedin cross section andtheir lower upright flanges are seated in the grooves Q9 to hold the spider 81 against relative rotary movement while permitting it to be placed in opv erative position and removed at will.

he grate supporting spider is provided with a central 'hub'3'2 extending some distance above and below the level of the arms 80 for receiving and supportthe surface of the -v36 being provided with pendant lugs 37, the lower ends of which are grooved or recessed to fit upon the top portions of the arms 3( for locking" the grate o 3 to the supporting member 30 against relative rotary movement and at. the same time permitting said grate sections to beremoved or replaced at will.

The upper grate section 8 lis journaled upon the upper end of the hub 32 through the medium of ball- bearings 3,8 and is provided with] a central hollow hub 4:0 projecting downwardly through and below the hub T82- for relative rotary movement therein.

i This upper grate 34. is also provided with a plurality of, in this instance four, radially projecting segments 4-1 ha ving apertures therein for the circulation of air therethrough, said segments ll being movable into and out of registration with V the segments 36- of the lower grate 33 and with the spaces between the'last-t namedsegments for shaking and dumping purposes as described in my pending application previously mentioned. 7

The lower end of the hub of the grate section 8lis preferably vangular in'cross section to receive a suitable operating member t2 by which said section may be turned about its axis for shaking and dumpv in g purposes.

The basket 15 is supported upon the lower grate section ,33. and is composed of upright relatively narrow perforated bars arranged edge to edge circumferentially and interlocked with each other in the manner set forth in my pending application referred to, the upper end of said basket being disposed in a plane below the upper edge of the supplemental shell3 and at about the same level as the bottom ledge -v-2 7 of the fuel opening 25.

A hollow upright conical shell 48+ is removably supported upon the upper grate section -34- coaxial therewith and with the axis of the magazine discharge nozzle -14. with its apex uppermost for the purpose of distributing the fuel discharged from saidnozzle more evenly over and upon This shell +4;$ extends from the grate section .34 to about the level. of the top of the basket 15hand tapers upwardly at grate within the basket an acute angle at the apeX,.the base of said shell being provided with a reduced extension ll normally seated in the upper end of the hollowhub of the section --34.

- and having the outer portions of its lower end resting upon the upper surface of'said section.

The portions of the base of the shell eonnecting the reduced extension -4c4'' with the outer walls thereof are inclined upwardly and outwardly in spaced relation to the upper surface of the grate section and together with the peripheral walls of the shell are provided with perforations a5'- to permit the passage of air tl'ierethrough to the fuel for increasing the combustion of the fuel and accelerating the distillation of the gases, it being understood that the hub'of the section 34l is hollow from the bottom up to permit the air to pass from the interior of the ash box and thence through theperforated shell l3 to the fuel Within the basket It will be noted that the shell --l3- is of considerably less diameter than the interior diameter of the basket 15 thus leaving a clear open'space between the shell and outer wall of the basket for the reception of a relatively large body of fuel and also permitting a relatively large volume of air to flow from the bottom upwardly through the fuel in the basket in addition to the air which is admitted through the perforations in the sides of the basket at different levels from bottom to topr all of which accelerates the distillation of the gases from the fuel and assures a more perfect combustion of the gases.

The direct draft conduit 5'- is provided with a suitable damper 5'- wh ch, when opened, allowsthe products of com- Vbustion to pass directly from the combustion chamber of the heater into the smoke stack 7+ but when closed causes the products of combustion to pass fromthe combustion chamber downwardly between the shells ative position upon-the flange shell '2 so as to form a complete cylin- -2' and 3 and outwardly through the indirect conduit 6- to the stack 7-.

When assembling the parts of the heater within the shell -2 the sections of'the shell -3- may be inserted through the ash box and opening 12' and placed in oper- 11 of the and is also held in operative position byits own weight and by the hub of the spider -31.

The upper grate -3&- is then placed in operative position upon the hub of the spider '-31 to be supported therein by its own weight. 7' i The sections of the basket 15- are then placed in operative position upon the lower grate section 33 in the manner shown in my, pending application previously referred to after which the conical shell the opening 25 into 7 and as usual the dampers will be opened for direct --t may be filled with fuel and the weight of the fuel acting upon the damper sections 16 will automatically open the same to a greater or less degree against'the action of the counterweights -23 and 23 thereby permitting the fuel to drop by gravity into the basket -.15 and upon the grate sections 34 and 33 ai"ouncl"tlie-central cone --43.

When the fuel is sufficiently ignited for distillation of the gases one or both of the dampers 5 and 9 may be closed to cause indirect draft of the products of combustion downwardly around the inner shell -3, and out through the indirect conduit 6 to the stack 7 hen the fuel-is ignited and under combustion air is supplied thereto through the openings in the grates -33 and ?A and i also through the openings in the upright bars of the basket '15 thereby supplying a relatively large amount of air to the fuel to support combustion, it being understood that air ma also flow throu h the tubular hub of the upper grate section 34l' into and through the conical shell -4l3- for sup plying air to the interior of the fuel at different levels from the grates 34- to the top of the basket -15.

Under these conditions the gases'will be thoroughly distilled from the fuel and ignited to burn'in the combustion chamber of the heater. p The gases burning in the combustion chamher will, of course rise and impinge against the curved portions of the top or crown sheet l3 of the heater and around the fuel discharge nozzle 14, the residue of the burned gases passing down the space between the shells -2 and -3- and out through the indirect conduit +-6 so as to heat the exterior shell -2 throughout practically its entire area to be radiated through the air or water jacket surrounding the shell 2, the heated air or water in said jacket being then conducted through the usual distributing pipes to the various parts of the building to be heated.

Impingement of the gases against the nozzle l4 serves to preheat the fuel therein to accelerate the distillation of the gases from the fuel as it is discharged into the fuel basket -15'.

As the fuel is fed from the magazine 4 into the basket 15 its upper surface will assume a definite angle of repose from the outer marginal edge of the basket upwardly to the mouth of the nozzle 14 and will assist in supporting the superposed body of fuel in the magazine against excessive down feed, under which conditions the weighted damper sections 19 and 1 will tend to close to further retard the flow of the fuel to the nozzle 14. and will also operate to prevent escape of gases into the magazine.

The upper grate 34 may be oscillated about its axis by means of the operating member 42 and suitable connections at the front of the heater as shown in Figure l or the section -84 may be adjusted to register its segments with those of the grate 3 for dumping the fuel from the grate.

During this oscillation of the grate 3 l about its axis the conical member 43 may or may not move therewith according to the amount of friction between the fuel and conical shell, it being understood that the bashot --15 is held against rotation by con nections with the nonrotatable grate sect-ion 33.

I claim:

1. In a heater of the character described, an upright shell having a combustion chamber, the top wall of which is curved inwardly and downwardly from the outer walls toward the center to form a central pendant extension having a fuel inlet opening therethrough. I

2. In a heater of the character described, an upright shell having a combustion chamber, the top wall of which is provided with a fuel inlet nozzle extending downwardly into the combustion chamber some distance below the remaining portions of the top wall, the portions of said top wall between thenozzle and outer upright walls of the shell being arched upwardly.

3. In a heater of the character described, an upright shell having a combustion cham ber, the top wall of which is provided with a fuel inlet nozzle extending downwardly into the combustion chamber some distance below the remaining portions of the top wall, said top Wall having a tubular nipple projecting upwardly from the nozzle, and a fuel-receiving magazine supported on said nipple.

4. In a heater of the character described,

an upright shell having a combustion chamber provided with draft outlets in vertically spaced relation and an inner tubular shell supported within and in radially spaced relation to the firstnamed shell and extending some distance above and some distance below the lower draft outlet, the upper end of the inner shell. being disposed in a plane below the upper draft outlet.

5. In a heater of the character described, an upright shell having a combustion chamber, the top wall of which. is provided with a fuel inlet nozzle extending some distance above and below the remaining portions of said top, a fuel-receiving magazine connected to the upper end of the nozzle above said top wall, a self-closing valve controlling the passage of the fuel from the magazine into the nozzle and adapted to be opened by the weight of the fuel thereon to permit said fuel to pass through the nozzle into the combustion chamber.

6. In a heater of the character described, an upright shell having a combustion chamber, the top wall of which is curved inwardly and downwardly from the outer walls to form a central fuel inlet nozzle extending downwardly some distance below and up wardly some distance above the remaining portions of said top wall, a fuel-receiving magazine discharging into the upper end of said nozzle, a pair of self-closing dampers in the upper portion of said nozzle for con trolling the passage of fuel from the magazine into the nozzle and adapted to be opened by the weight of fuel thereon.

7. In a heater of the character described, an upright shell having a combustion chamher and a fuel-inlet opening leading thereto, said combustion chamber having lower and upper outlet openings for the products of combustion, an inner tubular shell in radially spaced relation to the first-named shell and having its lower end disposed in a plane below the lower outlet opening and its upper end disposed in a plane between said outlet openings and a perforated fuelreceiving basket supported within the inner shell mainly in radially spacedrelation thereto and between the lower and upper ends there-v of to allow the air to circulate around the basket and through its perforations to the interior thereof.

In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand this 21st day of January, 1929.

GUSTAV BORGESON.

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