US1759277A - Automatic firearm - Google Patents

Automatic firearm Download PDF

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Publication number
US1759277A
US1759277A US263288A US26328828A US1759277A US 1759277 A US1759277 A US 1759277A US 263288 A US263288 A US 263288A US 26328828 A US26328828 A US 26328828A US 1759277 A US1759277 A US 1759277A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
breech
barrel
breech block
lever
striker
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US263288A
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English (en)
Inventor
Revelli Bethel-Abiel
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Armamenti Militari S A
Original Assignee
Armamenti Militari S A
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Armamenti Militari S A filed Critical Armamenti Militari S A
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US1759277A publication Critical patent/US1759277A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A21/00—Barrels; Gun tubes; Muzzle attachments; Barrel mounting means
    • F41A21/48—Barrel mounting means, e.g. releasable mountings for replaceable barrels
    • F41A21/482—Barrel mounting means, e.g. releasable mountings for replaceable barrels using continuous threads on the barrel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A11/00—Assembly or disassembly features; Modular concepts; Articulated or collapsible guns
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A19/00—Firing or trigger mechanisms; Cocking mechanisms
    • F41A19/06—Mechanical firing mechanisms, e.g. counterrecoil firing, recoil actuated firing mechanisms
    • F41A19/25—Mechanical firing mechanisms, e.g. counterrecoil firing, recoil actuated firing mechanisms having only slidably-mounted striker elements, i.e. percussion or firing pins
    • F41A19/27—Mechanical firing mechanisms, e.g. counterrecoil firing, recoil actuated firing mechanisms having only slidably-mounted striker elements, i.e. percussion or firing pins the percussion or firing pin being movable relative to the breech-block
    • F41A19/28—Mechanical firing mechanisms, e.g. counterrecoil firing, recoil actuated firing mechanisms having only slidably-mounted striker elements, i.e. percussion or firing pins the percussion or firing pin being movable relative to the breech-block propelled by a cam or lever when the breech-block or bolt arrives in a closing position
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A19/00—Firing or trigger mechanisms; Cocking mechanisms
    • F41A19/06—Mechanical firing mechanisms, e.g. counterrecoil firing, recoil actuated firing mechanisms
    • F41A19/42—Mechanical firing mechanisms, e.g. counterrecoil firing, recoil actuated firing mechanisms having at least one hammer
    • F41A19/43—Mechanical firing mechanisms, e.g. counterrecoil firing, recoil actuated firing mechanisms having at least one hammer in bolt-action guns
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A21/00—Barrels; Gun tubes; Muzzle attachments; Barrel mounting means
    • F41A21/12—Cartridge chambers; Chamber liners
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A3/00—Breech mechanisms, e.g. locks
    • F41A3/12—Bolt action, i.e. the main breech opening movement being parallel to the barrel axis
    • F41A3/54—Bolt locks of the unlocked type, i.e. being inertia operated
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A3/00—Breech mechanisms, e.g. locks
    • F41A3/64—Mounting of breech-blocks; Accessories for breech-blocks or breech-block mountings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A9/00—Feeding or loading of ammunition; Magazines; Guiding means for the extracting of cartridges
    • F41A9/54—Cartridge guides, stops or positioners, e.g. for cartridge extraction
    • F41A9/55—Fixed or movable guiding means, mounted on, or near, the cartridge chamber

Definitions

  • This invention relates to improvements in machine guns and hke automatic firearms.
  • One object of the present invention is to provide automatic firearms which are sim- 5 pler and cheaper 'to construct than those commonl in use.
  • a furt er object is to provide a fire. arm of which the weight is less thanthat of mod ern machine guns.
  • the improvements consist principally in that the breech closure is obtained, as in small automatic pistons, by means of the weight ofethe breech block combined with the action of a spring pressing it forward,
  • the invention consists in the combination of means whereby the percussion is effected in advance of, i. e. a little before the complete closure of the breech block so that this. latter is still moving forward to close the breech at the moment of discharge with means whereby the pressure of the exploded charge I is admitted to aspace in the chamber surrounding the neckof the cartridge so as to balance the-internal pressure thereon. It is known that it is not broadly new to operate a hammer carried by the breech block :0 by means of a stop on the fixed breech casing at the moment when the breech closes.
  • the balancing of pressure on the cartridge neck is attained by special arrangements consisting in that the cartridge is fully con- 5 tained in the barrel chamber so that the base of the cartridge case will notbe deformed during recoil and in that in said chamber longitudinal rectilinear or curved grooves [are provided in order to create, by means of 0 the gases at the moment of discharge, a counter pressure directed inwardly onto the neck the closure, are dispensed with, means being provided for automatically displacing the extractor hook at; the end of the forward stroke of the breech block thus obtaining the advantage of avoiding any risk of breaking the extractor end as happens sometimes in known automatic firearms owing to the escape of gas caused by defective cartridge cases breaking when firing;-
  • the accompanying drawing shows by way of example a constructional form of the improved fire arm according to this invention.
  • the arm is provided with a butt to enable its use as a rifle.
  • the butt When it is desired to mount it on a support for use as a machine gun, the butt which, however, does with a handle.
  • Figures 1, 1 and 1 show a horizontal longitudinal section of the fire arm, the breech block being in the closed position.
  • Figures 2 and 2 show alongitudinal vertical section of the fire arm, the breech block being in the cooked position.
  • Figure 3 is a detailed view of the fire arm as the breech block moves forward and a cartridge is entering the cartridge chamber guided by a special device adapted to facilitate its introduction.
  • Figure 4 is a cross vertical sectionshowing how the barrel is fitted into the plug and held in this position.
  • Figure 5 shows a modified method of fastening the striker lever.
  • Figure 6 shows a further construction in which the lever itself, modified in shape and position, forms the striker.
  • FIG. 7 shows the pivots used for this fire arm and removable without employing any special tools.
  • Figure- 8 shows diagrammatically the action of the gas pressure on the cartridge case on firing.
  • 1 denotes the barrel and 2 denotes the breech formed from a tube (for instance a Mannesmann tube) closed at its front end by a plug 3, to which the barrel is fitted by means of a bayonet jointand safety look, as
  • a 'sleeve 4 surround- (not hinder such use of the weapon, will be ing the barrel is fixed to the plug 3 and is supported at its front end by a support 5 carried by the barrel.
  • the bayonet joint ( Figure 4) comprises teeth or fins 1 on the barrel and longitudinal grooves 3 on the plug. This latter carries. further at the end of the grooves 3' a circular cross groove receiving the teeth 1' when the barrel is rotated.
  • the barrel is locked in position by means of a tooth 46 on a lever 46 pivoted to the sleeve 4 and subjected to the action of a spring 47.
  • the tooth 46 is forced between two teeth 1 on the barrel and locks this latter; in order to release it, the lever 46 is acted upon against the action of the spring 47.
  • the breech block 6 is of cylindrical form and is slidably mounted in the breech and at its rear portion the block is provided with a projection 6 of smaller diameter serving as a guide for a return spring 7 which abuts against a rear plug 8 of the breech.
  • the breech block can be made of suitable weight without enlarging its size by filling a recess thereof with a mass of heavy material, e. g. a Wolfram block.
  • lVIoreover means can be provided for adjusting from the outside the tension of the return spring in accordance with the inclination of the fire arm (more particularly for firing against aircraft).
  • the breech block is provided with a handle 9 comprising a stem fitting into a correspond-- ing slot on the breech bolt to which it is secured by means of a pin 10 which after the breech block has been mounted in the breech, is passed through a hole 11v ( Figure 2) in said breech.
  • the handle 9 slides in a rectilinear slot 13 formed in the breech, which slot, as clearly shown in Figure 1, does not extend to the breech ends.
  • the striker 12 is slid-ably mounted in the front portion of the breech block and is normally maintained in the inoperative position by a spring 14; the striker is operated by means of a lever 15 pivoted in 16 to the breech block and which does not extend beyond the widest circumference of the breech block.
  • One arm of the lever 15 is adapted when the breech block has nearly completed its forward stroke to strike against a lug 17 forming part of an ejector 17 secured to the breech and extending into a corresponding slot 18 formed in the breech block whereby the striker is caused to move forward and effect the striking; the arrangement is such that there is a slight advance in the striking which admits of the firing taking place while the breech block still possesses a certain momentum in the direction of its closing movement, this ensuring the closure without special members and without excessive weight of the breech block.
  • Figure 5 shows a modified arrangement of the lever 15 which instead of oscillating about the pivot 16 carried by the breech block rocks by its projection 15 in a recess formed in the handle 9. This simplifies the construction and facilitates removing and controlling the lever 15 that is fitted in and extracted in a single operation by the handle 9.
  • the said lever is dispensed' with and replaced by a lever 48 pivoted through a pivot 49 to the front end of the breech block and pressed by a spring 50.
  • the striker 12 is also dispensed with, its action being performed by the projection 48 of a lever 48, abutting by a projection 48", as the breech block reaches the end of its stroke, against the front plug 2 of the breech, whereby the lever is caused to oscillate and striking is effected.
  • the barrel chamber is formed with longitudinal grooves 45 (measuring in depth and width a few tenths of a millimeter) which extend from the point at which the chamber becomes narrower to receive the neck of the cartridge case to about a millimeter beyond the point reached by the neck.
  • the cartridge case which is fully contained inthe barrel, as shown in Fig. 1 is subjected on the outer side of the neck to the gas pressure during firing and first part of the recoil so that the cartridge cannot be deformed, the arrangement being such that there is no risk of escape of gas.
  • the extractor 19 comprises a tooth 20, which, during the last short part of the forward stroke of the breech block, slides on an inclined surface 21 formed on the barrel 3 and isthereby forced to pivot, thus moving the extractor hook 19' away from the cartridge edge and therefore from the barrel chamber.
  • the loader 22 is adapted to receive two i series of cartridges and is provided with a The loader is I
  • a guide 25' pivotally mounted in 26 on the breech and provided with a hollow cradle-like surface ( Figure 2) which directs the cartridges towards the barrel chamber, (Fig. 3).
  • the guide 25 is operated by formed on the breech block and in engagement with the pins 28.
  • a cavity 31 into which the guide may enter when lowered is provided under the barrel chamber in the plugl3.
  • T e breech block is provided with longitudinal grooves 42 on its whole periphery so that dust or other foreign matter entering the breech will enter the grooves without creating any resistance to the sliding of the breech block.
  • a case 32 containing the trigger mechanism is soldered or otherwise secured to the breech.
  • the said mechanism comprises a trigger 33 urged. upon by a spring 34 and an operating lever 35 which is operated by the said trigger and which, when the trigger is released, retains the breech block in the cooked position by engagement with a slot formed in the breech block as shown in Figure- 2, a single spring acting simultaneous y on the trigger and on the trigger lever.
  • the firearm butt 36 is mounted on the rear breech plug against which it is resiliently pressed by a spring 37 the plug is provided with a flange having two diametrically opposed holes 38 adapted toreceive two corresponding pins 39 carried by a metallic flange integral with the butt 36.
  • the rear In is provided with an annular buffer or shock absorber 40 to check the rearward motion of the breech block 6.
  • the front part of the barrel sleeve is provided with a pedestal (non illustrated for-simplicitys sake) the legs of which may be overturned or folded over on to the sleeve during of a ball joint. sponding to the positions;
  • the firearm is as usual provided with 8.
  • the pivot For placing the pivot 51 in, position, the pivot is placed by its outer end against the opening of its seat, of which the ends are slightly flared, and is pressed upon in' order to force the ring 52 against the flared end, causing the ring 52 to close and enter the groove 51'; the pivot is driven through the hole and issues at the other end where the resilient rin again expands preventing the pivot from ecoming loose. A pressure 1n the opposite direction will'eifect removal of the pivot. The characteristic feature of this look is that the ring never leaves the pivot and.cannot be lost, which is of great importance when using the fire arm on the field.
  • a machine gun comprising, in combination with a breech boltof'which the closure is obtained by virtue of its weight a striker carried by said bolt, a stop member on the breech, a lever co-operating with said stop member for actuating said striker before the breech bolt has reached the end of its closing stroke, a barrel chamber having longitudinal grooves corresponding with the neck portion of the cartridge case to generate, when the charge explodes, a counter-pressure on said neck portion, the length of said chamber being such that it completely embraces said striker before the breech bolt has reached the end of its closing stroke, a barrel chamber having longitudinal grooves in correspondence with the neck portion of the cartridge case for generating, when the charge explodes, a counter-pressure on said .neck portion, the length of said chamberbeing such that it completely embraces the caras transportation of the firearm and in order to tridge case and its edge being free of notches,
  • an ejector mounted for oscillating on the breech bolt and having a tooth on its front end, an, inclined surface onthe. breech cooperating with said tooth for withdrawing the extractor from the barrel chamber when the breech bolt closes, and a spring for returning the extractor to its working position as soon as the breech bolt begins to reccdeQ 3.
  • a machine gun comprising, in combination with the breech having aslot closed at both its ends and a breech bolt of which the closure is obtained by virtue of its Weight, a handle detachably mounted on said breech bolt, the shank of said handle being engaged by said slot, a striker mounted in said breech block, and means for preventing the deformation of the cartridge at the beginning of the recoil movement, said means comprising longitudinal grooves formed on the wall of the front end of the cartridge chamber of the barrel adapted to create when firing a-counter pressure directed inwardly on to the neck of the cartridge case, and means for actuating the striker just before the end of the closing movement of the breech block, which still possesses a certain momentum, in the direction of its closing movement ensuring the closure.
  • a machine gun comprising, in combination with the breech having a slot closed at both its ends and a breech bolt of which the closure is obtained by virtue of its weight, of a handle detachably connected to said breech bolt and having a shank engaged by said slot,
  • a striker lever mounted on the front portion of the breech bolt, one arm of said lever acting as striker, a spring normally holding said striker in its withdrawn position, a stop member on said breech with which the other arm of said striker lever co-operates at the end of the closing stroke of the breech bolt, a barrel chamber having'longitudinal grooves in correspondence with the neck portion of the cartridge case for generating, when the charge explodes, acounter-pressure on said neck portion, the length of said chamber being such that it completely embraces the cartridge case and its edge being free of notches, an ejector mounted for oscillating on the breech bolt and having-a tooth on its front end, an inclined surface'on the breech co-opcrating with said tooth for withdrawing the extractor from the barrel chamber when the breech bolt closes, and a spring for returning.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Percussive Tools And Related Accessories (AREA)
  • Portable Nailing Machines And Staplers (AREA)
US263288A 1927-08-25 1928-03-21 Automatic firearm Expired - Lifetime US1759277A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB22382/27A GB306854A (en) 1927-08-25 1927-08-25 Improvements in machine guns and other automatic firearms

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US1759277A true US1759277A (en) 1930-05-20

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US263288A Expired - Lifetime US1759277A (en) 1927-08-25 1928-03-21 Automatic firearm

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US (1) US1759277A (en(2012))
BE (1) BE351608A (en(2012))
FR (1) FR653787A (en(2012))
GB (1) GB306854A (en(2012))

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2437548A (en) * 1944-03-13 1948-03-09 Patchett George William Telescopic firearm
US2447091A (en) * 1943-09-18 1948-08-17 Arthur J Pope Interchangeable gun barrel and stock
US2468784A (en) * 1944-09-02 1949-05-03 Hal E Seagraves Autoloading pistol
CN102575918A (zh) * 2009-07-24 2012-07-11 弗拉迪米尔·劳甘库克 用于手持火器的后膛装置
US20140260943A1 (en) * 2013-03-18 2014-09-18 Sarsilmaz Silah Sanayi A.S. Submachine gun

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2447091A (en) * 1943-09-18 1948-08-17 Arthur J Pope Interchangeable gun barrel and stock
US2437548A (en) * 1944-03-13 1948-03-09 Patchett George William Telescopic firearm
US2468784A (en) * 1944-09-02 1949-05-03 Hal E Seagraves Autoloading pistol
CN102575918A (zh) * 2009-07-24 2012-07-11 弗拉迪米尔·劳甘库克 用于手持火器的后膛装置
CN102575918B (zh) * 2009-07-24 2014-10-15 弗拉迪米尔·劳甘库克 用于手持火器的后膛装置
US20140260943A1 (en) * 2013-03-18 2014-09-18 Sarsilmaz Silah Sanayi A.S. Submachine gun

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB306854A (en) 1929-02-25
BE351608A (en(2012))
FR653787A (fr) 1929-03-27

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