US1752198A - Temperature indicator for hair-curling devices - Google Patents

Description

March 25, 1930. A. E. PAussER TEMPERATURE INDICATOR FOR HAIR CURLING DEVICES Filed Nov. 15, 1926 Patented Mar. 25, 1930 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE ARNAUD E. PAUSSER, OE PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA Application filed November 13, 1926. Serial No. 148,174.

This invention relates to hair curling apparatus of the type used in giving permanent waves. This type of apparatus ordinarily includes a plurality of electrically .5 heated chambers in which the individual locks of hair are confined for the heat treatment by which the wave or curl is effected.

The heaters of any one set are identical and have a predetermined rating as regards voltage and current consumption. Also, a statement is given as to the length of time the current is to be applied in order to bring the interior of the heater to the proper maximum temperature under specified operating conditions.

Due to differences in the voltages of the supply lines in different localities, to variations in certain individual lines, and to differences in atmospheric conditions, there has been no assurance that the internal temperatures of the heaters are the required ones, and frequently the temperatures either exceed the allowable maximum, with damage to the hair, or fail to reach the maximum, with poor results and a tendency to blame the heaters as inoperative.

It is the principal object of this invention to provide novel means for accurately gauging the temperatures within the heaters under all conditions.

In the attached drawings, in which I have illustrated an embodiment of my invention Figure 1 illustrates a well known type of hair waving heater to which the device finds ready application, and

Fig. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view illustrating the details of the temperature indicator.

WVith reference to Figs. 1 and 2 of the drawings, which illustrate a preferred form of heater of the type involved, the heater may comprise an inner tube 1 which is open at one end for reception of a rod 2, this rod with a lock of hair wrapped around it being inserted in the open end of the tube 1 and held therein by suitable clamping means .4: at the top. The rod 2 carries at the bottom a suitable closure member 5 which bears tightly against the normally open end of the tube 1 and effectively closes the latter. The

inner tube 1 is surrounded by an electric heating coil 6, and this coil is surrounded and protected by an outer casing or shell 7 which is suitably united with the inner tube 1. Conducting wires 8 extend from the heating coil 6 through the outer casing 7 and provide means for attaching the heater in an electric circuit. The details of the heater have no important bearing upon the present invention, and the above description will be sufficient to afford a complete understanding of the latter.

In order to provide means for accurately determining the length of time the current shall be allowed to flow through the coil to give a desired predetermined temperature in the interior of the heater, I propose to provide each set of heaters with a device such as illustrated in Fig. 2. This device preferably comprises a standard heater similar to the others of the set and including the inner and outer casings l and 7 and the standard heating coil 6. In this instance, however, the lower open end of the inner tube 1 is closed P by means of a detachable closure element such as a cork stopper 9 or by other desirable means, and atthe top of the casing 1 I provide a restricted opening in which may be inserted with a close fit a temperature indicating element 11, preferably built on the liquid-level thermometer principle. In conjunction with this indicator, I provide at the top of the heater body a suitable dial plate or disk 12 which preferably will have marks which in conjunction with the element 11 55 will indicate the temperature in the interior of the heater. A wire guard 10 carried in the present instance by the cork 9 prevents the thermometer from contacting with the wall of the casing.

In the normal practice of treating hair with these devices, it is customary, by one means or another, to introduce a predetermined amount of moisture into the heater with the hair. This moisture increases the length of time required to attain a given temperature in the heater. It 1s therefore desirable, in order to avoid the necessity of having moisture in the heater holding the indicator 11, to calibrate the indicator not in it accordance with actual temperatures in the heater but so as to indicate on a dry basis the temperature corresponding to the desired maximum under actual operating conditions. This may be done by first noting the time required to bring the heater to the desired maximum temperature under actual operating conditions; thereafter applying current to the indicating heater with no moisture present for a corresponding period of time; and marking on the dial the position of the top of the column at the end of this period. Thereafter, regardless of the voltage applied to the heating coils, the registering of the top of the column with this mark indicates thatthe desired maximum is attainedin allthe heaters. If desired, a second mark or marks may be provided on the dial indicating the maximum on a wet basis,

or any intermediate temperatures.

The dev ce is of importance in rendering practicable the manufacture and sale of this type'of'heater over extended areas; in insuring proper operation under all conditions; and in preventing possible injury to the hair from excessive heat.

I claim 1. In a hair-curling apparatus, an electrical heating element whereby the curled hair is heated, and a temperature indicator comprising a secondelectrical heating element electrically connected to the first mentioned heating element, and a heat-responsive inclicator associated with said second heating element to indicate a predetermined temperature condition at the curled hair.

2. Ina hair-curling apparatus, a group of electrical heating elements whereby the curled hair is heated, and means for indicating a predetermined temperature condition at the curled hair, said means including a heat-responsive indicating member, and an electrical heating element whereby said member is actuated, the last mentioned heat ing element being electrically connected to said group of heating elements.

3. In a hair-curling apparatus, an electrical heating element whereby the curled hair is heated,.means for obtaining a predeterminedtemperature condition at the curled hair, said means including a switch to control the delivery of currentto said heating element, a heat-responsive member associated with said switch, and anelectrical heating element whereby said heat-responsive mem her is actuated, the lastmentioned heating element being electrically .connected'to the first mentioned heating element.

ARNAUD E. PAUSSER.

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