US1749990A - Oil-burning brooder - Google Patents

Description

March. 11, 1930. D, B, TOLLEY 1,749,990

OIL BURNING BROODER Filed Nov. 8. 1928 2 Sheets-Sheet l .I /fl March ll, 1930. n. B. 'roLLEY 1,749,990 on.. BURNING BRooD'nn mea Ngv. 8. 192s 2 sheets-sheet 2 :Da/7d /o/ f7427/3 Y Patented Mar.` 11, 1930 i ff,

N UNITED STATES PATENT ,o oFFlCE "DOCNALD B. TOLLEY, or MACOMB, ILLINOIS, AssIenoR To `AIVIERJInLLi1\T STEEL PRODUCTS co.,` or MACOMB, ILLINOIS, n conronATIon vor ILLINoIs OIL-:BURNING Bnoonna Appueatiomnea november s, 192s. serial No. 317,927.

My` invention relates to an oilburning heater of the general class in which the com `bustiongasespass through `a hollow heat- `radiating drum `before reaching the iue. a Y` Heatersof this class have heretofore been arranged so that thecombustion gases circulate once around theinner wall of an annular drum, but in practicefthis single passage does `not afford a suiicientlylong' contact of the hot gases Vwith theouter wall of the drum `to radiate any large proportion of the heat of the gases, so that an undesirably large percentage ofthis heat passes up the tlue. Moreoverwith a drum of any considerable height,

"the hot gaseswill traverse the annular drum a chamber withja splralmovement in which jthey only impinge against a small portion of the outer wall ofthe drum.

To increase the heat. radiation, it hashere tofore been proposed to use a two-story annular drumwith the hougases` circulating consecutlyely in the same direction within l the lower and upper stories or annular chambers of this drum. a Even this double passage does not insure sutiicient heatradiation through the outer drum wall to adorda heatthrough more than two superposed annular chambers. i

o What ismore, a double circulating of the hot gases within the drum in the `same direction along substantially the entire periphery of the drum introduces the objection that r one side of the drum (namely that at which the gas inlet, the flue and the connection between the two superposed-chambers of the drum are located) isconsiderably hotter than the opposite side, Aso that the radiation of heat from the eXteriorfof the drum is not distributed with even an approximate uni- `formity around the drum. This lack of uniformity is lparticularly "disadvantageous when such a heater is used as part of a brooder for warmingquiteyoung (and hence delicate) chicks.

" My present invention aims to overcome the` iirstof thcseobjections by providing an annular heater drum in which the hot gases will circulate partly in one direction and partly in the opposite direction circumferentially of the drum. Moreover,` my invention provides a heater construction which will enable even a short iue pipe to afford ample draft for drawing the gases through more than two superposed annular chambers even Vwhen the barometer is low. i

A further objection encounteredwith annular drum types of heaters when used in chicken brooders lies in theundue heating of the drum bottom overwhich the hot gases initially pass. Since this drum bottom is relatively close to the chicks (which can huddle or pass under it when the drum is raised from the` floor in the usual manner),

the downward heat radiation may be too intense for delicate chicks. i

My invention aims to overcome this objeo tion also by providing a drum type heater in which the heated gases pass through the lower story or annular chamber of the drum only after they have first circulated through a moreelevated chamber so as to have their temperature reduced by the outward radiation of heat from the more elevated chamber.

Another objection encountered with multi- A storied annular drums in heaters has been the diiiiculty of cleaning the annular chambers', so

" as to remove deposits of soot or the like Which seriously diminish the heat radiation; Heretofore, ithas been custmary to provide a side door for accessto each chamber, but with such a door opened,the user cannot readily reachthe entire interior of the annular drum and hence is unable to keep the drum cham bers clean. Besides, the providing of suitably curved doors together with the needed hinges and latches adds considerably to the cost and,

unless such doors are carefully fitted, may permit gases to escapeand poison the chicks. My present invention aims to overcome these objections by providing a construction which will permit the entire inner wall of a multistoried annulardrum together with the top closure for, this inner wall to be removed bodily, thereby affording the 'needed access to all interior portionsof the drum While perthrough an oil-burning brooder embodying mitting the use of a drum wall.

Moreover, my invention provides a heater in which the needed draft can readily be obtained when the heating member (such as an oil burner) is disposed entirely within the drum and above the bottom of the latter,

permanently closed outer and one which the flue draft is enhanced by I `direct heat applied to a portion of the collar of the flue pipe.

Still further and also more detailed objects will appear fromthe following specification and from the accompanying drawings, in which Fig. 1 is a central and vertical section my invention, with a hover broken away.

Fig. 2 is a plan view of the same, taken from below the hover, with dotted lines indieating the ports in the upper and lower horiportion of the hood or p zontal partitions and also indicating the two spondingly numbered lines in Fig. 4, with arthis burner being desi low drum.

rows showing the direction in'which the gases circulate in the correspondingchambers.

Fi 8v is a diagram (in perspective) showing t e path of the gases from the burner through the three superposed annular chambers of the drum to theflue.

lIn the illustrated embodiment, my oil-burning brooder includes spaced legs 1 supporting both the bottom 2 of a hollow drum and the inturned lower ends of the outer tubular Wall 3 of this drum. The bottom 2 extends across the bottom of the inner tubular wall 4 and has suitable apertures for admitting air to an oil burner supported by this bottom, Unated generally by the numeral 5 and being lfiere'shown in the ty e disclosed in the copending application Nit). 314,866 filed October 25, 1928, of William `Dow arvey on an oil burner.

The upper end portion 3A of the outer wall 3 has a casting 6 seated on it, Which casting has a central combustion chamber normally closedby a detachable lid 7 and also includes a fiue collar 8 fitting the flue pipe 9 of the brooder. Extending above the` said casting and lid is the'top or canopy 10 of a hover 11 which flares downwardly and outwardly-beyond the upper portion of the hol- (The means for supporting this hover are not illustrated, since they form. no part of` my present invention.)

To.` permit,k this hover to come relatively close to the upper end of the drum, I desirably have the upper end portion 3A of the outer drum wall turned inwardly, as shown in Figs. 1 and 4. The annular drum space (namely, the space between the said inner and outer walls 3 and 4 above the bottom 2 and below the inturned upper end portion 3A) is divided into three stories by a lower horizontal partition 12 and an upper horizontal partition 13. Each ofthese annular and horizontalpartitions is desirably formed of a flat ring of sheet metal having vertical flanges at both its inner and outer edges, and the outer flange 14 on each ring may be fastened (as by welding) to the outer drum wall 3. The inner flange 15 on each horizontal partition slidably fits over the inner drum wall.4 but is not fastened to the latter.

The combustionchamber wall 4'has ana-outlet 16 for the products ofj combustion disposed' between the two horizontal partitions and below the fiue collar 8, and the oil burner desirably includes a .flame spreader 5A arranged for cooperating with the draft lof the burner to direct the issuing flame against the combustion chamber wall above the lower partition 12.v The second or intermediate annular chamber (between the two horizontal partitions) is divided' intoA halves by two vertical baflles 17 and 1,8, the former (17) being adjacent to one lateral edge of the, outlet 16.

The top annular chamber has a vertical baffle 19vat one sideA of the flue, collar 8, and the upper partition (which forms the bottom for tiis top chamber) has aport 20 at the opposite side of the bafile 19 froml the flue collar. The lower partition 12 has two ports 21 and 22 respectively at opposite sides of the bafile 18 which is on the opposite side of the drum from the outlet 16,v and the lowest annular chamber is intercepted directly below the bafile 18 by a vertical and also radial baflie 23. Each of the several bailies is preferably fastened tothe adjacent partition, so that the bafiles rigidly support the partitions in horizontal ositions, and each baffle may also be securedJ (as by welding) t'o the outer drum wall. So also, the lowest baille may be secured to the drum bottom.

With the parts thus constructed and arranged, the hot gases of combustion first enter the intermediate annular chamber through the outlet 16 and then pursue the paths indicatedv by the arrowed lines in Figs. 5 tof8, as follows:

(A) Counterclockwise half way around I the intermediate chamber.

(B) Down through the port'21and clockwise around the bottom chamber.

(C) Up through the port 22 and counter (D) Up through the4 port 20 andclockwise ".f

around the top chamber, then up Y and out f is not so hot as the intermediate chamber or section,`and the gases make substantially three entire circuits adjacent to the outer wall 3 of the drum; The heating of the inner wall from the flames and hot gases within the combustion chamber, in which these gases tend to rise by convection toward the top of the drum, also aids in heating the upper chamber, thus intensifying the tendency of the gases within this upper chamber torise into the'liue. i

This tendency is further enhanced by my employing a part of the flue collar 8 as a portion of the inner wall of the annular drum, and all the more so when the lower portion offthis collar projects radially inward into the combustion chamber as shown `in the drawings. Consequently, I can readily secure a sufficiently strong draft, even with ashort flue pipe and a low barometric condition, to drawv the combustion gases Athrough the drum in a circuitous path in which these gases flow downward during a part of their travel, although convection would urge them upwardly.

Moreover, the combustion gases while traversing both halves of the intermediate chamber move inthe opposite direction (circumferentially of the drum) with respect to those in both the bottom and the top chambers. Hence I secure a better equalization of the temperature circumferentially of the drum than can be obtained with the now customary hollow drum heaters in which the combustion gases continuously move in one circumferential direction. I To aord access to the burner, I provide a canopy lid 24 directly over the drum lid 7 as a detachable portion of the canopy top of the hover.` The entire canopy is preferably arranged so that it can be lifted off when `the drum is to be cleaned, after which the bolts 26 (Fio'. 4) which secure the casting 6 to the outer dcium wall are detached.` The unit consisting of the inner drum wall 4 and the flue 'a'id in rigidly supporting the two'horizontal partitions, so that thelatter retain their flat shapes although not fastened at their inner ends to the inner drum wall 4. Hence the r-emovability-of the above mentioned unit does not prevent my providing a rigid as-l sembly which will readily withstand rough handling both in transit and in use. By pro-- vidin g these baliles with flanges along all four edges, I can readily secure an adequate seal at these edges to avoid any appreciable leak` age past the baflies. i

` Owing to the eect-ive draft secured in heater, I can also dispose the oilburner entirely within the drum,- instead of having it considerably lower where the Vintensity of its direct laterally radiated heat might injure some of the chicks, and save the expense of an additional lower chamber for housing the burner.

However, while I have illustrated and described my invention in aheater designed for use as part of a chicken brooder, I do not wish to be limited to the purpose for which my heater is employed. limited to the details of the construction and arrangement abovcdescribed, since changes might obviously be made withoutdeparting Neither do I wish tobe i either from the spirit of my invention or from the appended claims.

I claim as my invention: i

l. A heater comprising an annular drum having an outlet adjacent to its top, annular partitions dividing the hollow drum into superposed chambers, a heating device within the combustion chamber, an outlet in the combustion chamber wall, ports in the partitions, and upright and substantially radial baliies extending from the inner to the outer drum'wall; the balfles being so arranged with respect to the ports, and the first named outlet as to compel the combustion gases from the heating device to flow within the drum in a circuitous path lin which the gases flow circumferentially of the drum in opposite directions in `two superposed sections.

2. A heater comprising an annular drum having an outletadj acent to its top, annular partitions dividing the hollow drum into superposed chambers, a heating device within 'the combustion chamber, an outlet in the combustion chamber wall, ports in the partitions, and upright and substantially radial baliies extending from the inner to the outer Vdrum wall; the baffles being so arranged with respect to the ports, and the outlets as to com- `pel the combustion gases from the heating device to flow within the' drum in a circuitous path in which the gases flow through a y portion of one section before flowing through a relatively lower section.

3. lA heater comprising an annular drum having an outlet adjacent to its top,`annular partitions -dividing the hollow drum into Asuperposed chambers, a heating device with- Iilo in combustion chambers. am outlet inv the combustion chamber wall,v port/sfY in. the? partitions, and upright and substantially; radial baflles extending romthe inner to the outer drmnwall; thefbaiesbeing so arranged with respect tno-.the` ports, ther first vnamed outlet as to compel the combustion gases from the heating device; to flow-within the drum in a circuitous path inwhieh; the gases flow conseeutively through aportion of the intermediate sectiomthen throughthe lowest section, next through anotherportionv of the intermediate Section, and" last through. the top section.

4; A heater comprising a hollow drum having an outlet adjacent toits top andan outlet in its combustion; chamber, annular horizontal partitions subdividingthe annu,- lar spacebetweentheinner andouter walls of the drum into superposed annular sections; and substantially. radialbafllesextending withinthe said sections,l the baiilesbeing provided with portssodisposed with respect to the baillesas to compel; gases to traverse all of the saidf sections inflowing from the combustion chambergoutlet to thefirst named outlet; and a top member normally closing the upper end of the hollowdrum, the inner wall of'thedrum=beingfastened to theI top member and slidably fitting the inner edges of the artitions;

5'.' A eater as; per-claimrhinwhich thetop memberV includesv a flue collar,A having aY portion thereof effectively formi-ng partof the inner wall of the hollowdrurny.V

6; Aheater as per claim 4, in which the top member includes a flue collar.` projecting: radially into the combustion chamber of; the drum below thetopA of' the drum 7. Aheaterasper clai'mA', in Which-` each bathe is secured: at itaouter edge to, thefouter drumwall and has atitsinner edge alange slidably engaged by the-inner dnumlwa'lliduring theassembling of-'the heater.'

8. A heater comprising an, annulardrum having an outlet adjacent to its top andan outlet in its combustion chamber-,vV annular horizontal partitionsv subdividing, the annular space between` the'innerand outer walls ofthe drum into superposedannularsections, and substantially.` radiall batlles: extending within the said-sections, the -bafllesbeingprovided with ports so; disposed with respect; t0 thelbames-astocompel gases to traverseall of the said sections ,-in. flowingfrom the; combustionA chamber outlet toy the: firstl named outlet; and a` l1eating-device disposed; withiny the combustionl chamberv and" havingits heat-emitting portioni below Athe said'v inlet:

9. A heatercomprising an annularl drum and two verticallyspacedannular'horizontal partitionsfdividing the annular space between the inner'and.- outenwa'lls of? the drumz into three superposed; sections; the upperesection having an outlet, and the intermediate secis at the opposite side-of the drum from the outlet;vthe upper` annular partition having a port onthe opposite side ofV therst named bafile from the outlet; and the lower annular partition .having twoportsrespectively at oppositesides of the fourth partition.

10. A heater including al bottomplate provided near-its center with an. air. inlet,y two radially spaced drum walls supported by the bot-toml plate andl havinga common vertical axis, a drum top memberl supported by the outer drum wall and havingl an. outlet port therein a burner supported above and near the bottom plate, andi annular horizontal and vertically spaced partitions. dividing the annular space' between the inner and. outer drum Walls into; superposedA chambers; in combination with" radial and upright baiiies inthe saidchambersports in the partitions, and an outlet portintheinner wall above one; of the'L partitions; substantially as and for thepurpose described.

111;. A4 heaterA as. per claim 10, in whichthe partitions and baflies.- are securedand s nb-` stantiallysealedjboth toeachgoth'er and to the outer drum wall; thel partitions and bales all extending close to.f but being unsecured tothe inner drum.y wall, so as to permit the removal of the latter.

1-2; AIk heater comprising an annular drum having anoutlet port adjacent to its top and al second port in its inner wall above the bottombf; the drum; closuresffor both ends of;` the drum, ali'eating device within the combustion chamber and below the said second pont, two vertically spacedI annular parti-y tions'dividing the space between the inner and, outer drumwalls into superposed chambers, vertical andy substantially radial baffles subdividin g the chambers, andpartition ports in the partitions adjacent to the baffles; the' partition ports beingso disposed as` to compel the combustion--gasesYfrom the heating; device to traverse aportionofl an; intermediate sectionbefore passing through either the lower ont-heupper section.

13. heater as-per claim 12including ay flue c ollar associatedfvwith theoutlet port and presentinga-Walllportionwithin the combustion chamber to direct heat from the heating device, whereby the direct heatingofthe flue.

-llO

collar augmente the draft through the outlet r port.

14'. A heater as er claim 12, in which the heating device is a urner constructed for directing its flame against the combustion chamber wall below the top of the outlet. y 15. A heater including an outer drum wall, .a bottom plate extending across the lower end of the said wall and secured to the latter, a combustion chamber wall of smaller diameter than the outer drum and loosely seated on the bottom plate, a top member normally closing the upper end of both drum walls and detachable from the outer drum wallbut fastened to the combustion chamber wall; and a perforate annular partition extending horizontally between the inner and outer drum walls and secured only to the latter, the partition being freely spaced from the bottom plate and the top member.

16. A heater as per claim 15, in which the top member includes a detachable lid disposed for aordng access to the space within the combustion chamber wall.

` Signed at Macomb, Illinois, October 27th,

DONALD B. TOLLEY.

Images