US1740217A - Shingle - Google Patents

Description

Dec. 17, 1929. c. BATCHELLER SHINGLE Filed April 5, 1927 2 Sheets-Sheet INVENTOR C L 5m ENTSBHTC H64 LE1? Dec. 17, 1929. c. BYATCHELLER SHINGLE Filed April 5, 192'? 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 IINVENTOR CL EM E/VTJ' 54 TC/IEL Lew Patented Dec. 17, 1929 UNITED STATES (ELEMENTS BATCHELLER, OF BROOKLYN, NEW YORK, ASSIGNOR TO IBEMIS INDUSTRIES,

PATENT orlncn INCORPORATED, OF BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS, A CORPORATION OF DELAWARE SHINGLE Application filed April 5,

My invention relates to shingles, and particularly. to cementitious shingles of the honeycomb type. Among the objects of my invention may be specified (1) the support of the body of the shingle in its normally inclined relation to the underlying roof; (2) the stiffening of the shingle against warpage; the reduction of overlap between adjacent shingles, with consequent increased coverage capacity; (4) the bafliing of the joints be tween shingles to prevent entry of the elements; (5) the facilitation of proper location of the shingles during application to the roof, to expedite and improve the roofers opera tions.

Shingles of the present type are commonly made with plane surfaces. When such shingles are applied in their usual overlapped relation to the roof boards, the major pors tion of the body of the shingle is unsupported.

Portions thereof stand away from the. underlying roof more than a", while those at the eaves course are commonly spaced more than from the roof by the eaves lift. This lack 2 5- of support within the boundary of the shingle would present no objectionable weakness, were it not necessary for the shingles from time to time to withstand superposed weight of workers walking on the roof. It is a difo ficult job even to apply this type of shingle without considerable breakage and replacement, due to the weight of the roofers brackets, and the necessity for roofers to travel back and forth over the applied portion of the roof during their work. The popularity of this type of shingle has been greatly reduced, due to its inability to stand up under service conditions on the modern type of residence. The modern home is one of many extensions, in the form of overhangs, skirts, sun-parlor and back porch roofs, all of which must stand the weight of the plasterer, painter, etc., during the construction period, and finally the window washer and screen man. As a consequence, the roofers, who are inevitably called upon to make replacements of shingles broken by other trades, hold the honeycomb shingle, of any and all makes, in great disfavor.

to Another serious mechanical defect in 1927. Serial No. 181,073.

shingles of this type, particularly when the shingles are of laminated construction, is the tendency to curl'and pull a art at the lapped joint. This is due to the act that all cementitious shingles are applied when partially green, or before they have acquired their final stone set, and therefore contain considerable moisture. Consequently, when applied in this condition and then subjected to sun and rain or sudden changes of temperature, warpage takes place, which leaves the margins of the shingle at the lap joint from T to 4; out of joint. Nailing down too fects and handicaps, my invention provides a 7 shingle having other advantages which will be hereinafter mentioned, or will appear from an inspection of the accompanying drawings illustrative of my invention, andin which- Fig. 1 is a broken plan view. of a roof to which my improved shingle is applied;

Fig. 2 is an inverted perspective of a full shingle to which my invention is applied in one form;

Fig. 3 is a perspective of a marginal or eaves half-shingle to which'my invention is applied; I

Fig. 4: is a vertical section through portion of a roof, shingled inaccordance with my invention; and I v Fig. 5 is a broken inverted plan view of several courses of shingles embodying my invention.

In this country the customary roof construction, preparatory to the application of honeycomb shingles, comprisesa continuous surface of boards 15, tongue and groove, or ship-lap, jointed as at 16. lit is also customary to sheathe this tight roof with heavy tar paper or the like, since the usual honeycomb shingle does not afford a safe protec= I 17, illustrated in Fig. 3, is in the form of approximately a half square, cut on a diagonal, and provided at the cut with an integral rib 18 which serves as a substitute for the usual riser nailed to the roof. The shingle is pierced at 19 and 20 to receive the shingle nails by which the eaves course is attached. The remaining shingles 21 for the body of the roof are of the usual honeycomb shape, illustrated in Fig. 2. These full sized units are sheared as usual at the corners 22, 23 and 24, while the corner 25 at the overlapped or upper end of the shingle remains uncut, not

only to aid in positioning the shingle correctly in accordance with my invention, but also to increase its overlapped area and thus augment the protection against leakage at this point. 7

Formed on the inner face of the shingle, and preferably integraltherewith, are ribs 26 and 27 spaced from and parallel with the exposed side margins 28 and 29 at'the lower end of the shingle. These ribs are tapered in height, and their bearing surfaces lie in a plane at such an angle to that of the face of the shingle that the desired pitch is im parted to the latter. At the lower end of the shingle the ribs converge and preferably meet.

face of-the shingle between the corners 22 and 24, and having the same elevation as the ribs 26 and 27 at the point at which the rib 31 connects therewith. Extending therefrom toward the upper end of the shingle are further supporting ribs 32 and 33, tapered to the same plane as the surfaces of the ribs 26 and 27. The taper is preferably such that the inner face of the corner 25 lies substantially in the same plane. Consequently when the shingle is applied to the roof boards 15 it is supported not only by the ribs 26 and 27, 31, 32 and 33, but also by the corner 25.

Holes 34 and 35 formed in the ribs 26 and 27 receive the securing nails by which the At this point they are recessed, as atj 30, to receive the angled end 25 of the subja- Inasmuch'as the shingle is secured to the under roof. Inasmuch as the ribs 26 and 27 for all courses bear directly against the roof boards 15, and the shingle nails are driven through the ribs at the holes 34 and 35, there is no danger that the shingle will be fractured or warped out of planity by the pressure of the attaching nailsa common phenomenon where the shingle body is of the usual type. A hole 36 formed adjacent the lower end of the shingle receives the usual soft metal pin 37 which anchors the lower end of the superposed shingle to the sides of the subjacent shingles in the laterally adjacent courses. The corners 22 and 24 of the subjacent shingles are notched at 38 and 39 for the reception of the pin, the head of which underlies their margins.

The rib construction which I have shown and described possesses many advantages. From the standpoint of first cost and economy of application, it possesses merit since the ribs 26 and 27 may be spaced so close to the side margins 28 and 29 that a much narrower overlap between adjacent shingles is possible, while nevertheless securing a greater weather tightness than hitherto. Consequently, the shingle has a greater coverage area than the present honeycomb shingle as customarily applied. It is recognized that the honeycomb type of shingle, due to its great covering area per shingle, is by far the cheapest type of rigid roofing in use at the presenttime, since it requires only 160 shingles of the 12" x 12" size to cover a square (100 square feet) as compared to 260 wood shingles of the 8 x 16" size, end lapped as usual: By reason of the greatly reduced overlap (1 4 as against 2%) made possible by the tight butt joint of the ribs 26 and 27 with laterally adjacent courses, the same area is effectively covered by 125 of my improved shingles as against 160 of the usual plain honeycomb type, This is a very material saving in both material and labor.

The support of the shingle throughout its body area by the tapered ribs 26, 27, 31, 32 and 33, insures uniform pitch and elevation for the shingles over the entire roof.

Uniform spacing and regulation of the depth of the overlap insures symmetry of application of the shingles, while automatically guiding the roofer in the location of the shingles for each course, thus greatly expealso prevent buckling .of the shingle due to nail pressure, and curling or warpage due to uneven shrlnkage on drylng 1n situ.

The engagement of the upper corner 25 of one shingle in the notch 30 of the super-adjaaddition to the pitch rib 18. This portion of ribs bein tapered to pitch the lower end of cent shingle, together with the abutting of the ends of the ribs 26 and 27 of the laterally adjacent courses at the same point, aflords a head lock and baffle at the corner overlap which prevents rain or snow from working under the shingle at this point. The lateral butt joint betwen the outer faces of the ribs 26 and 27 and the side margins of the laterally subjacent shingles, not only baflles the entry of the wind beneath the shingles, but prevents moisture from being driven between the shingle joints.

The present shingle may be formed either by the laminated or cast method, the ribs being formed, in both cases, by suitably shaping one of the press dies.

While I have shown my preferred construction in the drawing, it will be realized that o my invention is not by any meanslimited to these details.

It is even possible to make the ribs as an independent structure to be. utilized with the plain shingles now on the market. My preference, however, is for the shingles shown Iion gvhich the ribs are integral with the shingle It will also be understood that if there were any need, the half-shingles 17 for the eaves course could also be provided with ribs, in

the roof, however, is never called upon to support imposed weight, and the ribs are consequently unnecessary.

The invention is obviously applicable to the so-called diagonal or diamond shaped shingle, which difiers from the honeycomb type only in that the angle 23 is not clipped. I have indicated this in dotted lines at 40 in Fig. 2.

With the understanding therefore that the construction shown is merely illustrative of the thoughts which underlie what I claim as my invention.

I claim I 1. A shingle of the honeycomb type having on its inner face ribs converging toward its lower end and there shaped to receive the upper corner of a subjacent shingle.

2. A shingle of the honeycomb type having on its inner face ribs converging toward its lower end and there shaped to receive the upper corner of a subjacent shingle, said the shing e away from the under roof.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification.

CLEMENTS BATCHELLER.

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