US1732876A

US1732876A - Furnace

Info

Publication number: US1732876A
Application number: US231385A
Authority: US
Inventors: Elmer E Billow
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1927-11-05
Filing date: 1927-11-05
Publication date: 1929-10-22
Anticipated expiration: 1946-10-22

Description

Octzz, 1929. E. E BILLQW l 1,732,876

FURNACE Filed Nov. 5, 1927 f5 Sheets-Sheet. 2

Hy M M WMM oct. 22, 1929. E. E. en mw 1,732,876

4 FURNACE l Filed Nov. 5. 1921 s sheets-sheet s @www illled with unburned fuel explode upon relighting vthe iiame. An im- Patented Oct. 22, 1929 nLmEn n Mirow, or EvANsroN, ILLINOIS li'UBNACE Application lled November 5, 11927. Serial No. 231,385.

rlhe present invention relates to improvements in furnaces, particularly furnaces adapted to burn fuel such as powdered coal or oil.

ylhe-primary object of the present invention resides in the provision of a novel furnace having a variable combustion chamber.

y ln furnaces, particularly oil burning furnaces, subjectato a variable demand, the supply of fuel may be regulated to vary the size of the Haine from each burner nozzle. Thus, when one of these furnaces is being operated under a heavy load, the :flame is`relatively large, and when said furnace is beingoperated under a small or minimum load, or temporarily under no load, the flame is relatively small. ln the last is likely tovbe extinguished in the ,combustion chamber by draughtsand because of the relatively low surrounding temperatures. As a result, the combustion chamber may become vapors which may portant object of the present invention therefore resides in the provision of a furnace having a relatively large main combustion chamber, a relatively small auxiliary combustion space or zone opening to said main combus-v tion chamber, the Haine from l urn in the main combustion chamber when large, but will be confined to the small co bustion space when small, thereby in the la t instance protecting it maintaining it in a zone of relatively high lo cal temperatures.

Another object -resides in the provision of and means for ,so controlling a' furnace having a combustion chamber with a main combustion zone and one or more relatively small, contiguous and protectedauxiliary combustion'zones, with a burner in each ci the latter., A l v l further object-ofthe invention is to provide a. furnace having a grate for admitting a stream olcombustion air, a burner having a variable fuel supply and aA constant air sup` ply scient to maintain substantially complete combustion of a minimum fuel supply, and directed to Hatten out the stream of fuel, and to conline it to a small zone contiguous instance, the small flamethe'burner nozzle that it will from draughts and to the grate, and means for directing a blast of air against the stream of fuel mixture leaving the burner nozzle so as to direct the latter into the stream of combustion air over the grate.

@ther objects of the invention are to provide a new and improved furnace in which there is an ellicient and complete combustion of fuel, in which a homogeneous fuel mixture is obtained in the main combustion zone', in 60 which theincoming combustion air is utilized to protect the walls of the furnace in the neighborhood of the combustion zone against excessive heat, in which the secondary air is `admitted in such a manner that combustion taken along line 1--1 of Fig. 2.

Fig. 2 isa horizontal sectional view taken along line 2 2 of Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is a horizontal sectional view taken 80 along line 3-3 of Fig. 1. f

Fig. 2l is a longitudinal sectional view of the Aburner nozzle taken along line 4-4 of Fig. 2?.

While the invention is susceptible of vari- -ous modifications and alternative constructions, I have shown in the drawings and will herein describe in detail thepreferred embodiment, but it is to be understood that I do not thereby intend to limit the invention to the specific form disclosed, but intend to cover all modifications and alternative constructions ialling withinthe spirit and scope of the invention as expressed in the appended f y i 5 Referring to the drawings, I have shown the exemplary embodiment `of my invention incorporated in a furnace structure having a vertical and preferably cylindrical com'bustion chamber l0, and mounted ona suitable ,10'

support 11, but itv will be understood that the invention is applicable to. dilerent kinds of furnaces. In the' present instance, the chamber is defined by an inner cylindrical wall 12. Heating tubes 13 Yare suitably disposed inside and adjacent the peripheral wall 12.

y Preferably, a preheater for incoming combustion air is provided about the outside of the wall 12. In the present instance, the preheater comprises an annular space or chamber 14 defined aboutthe wall 12 byfan outer concentric lwall 15, and closed at the upper and lower ends by annular end walls 16 and 17 respectively. VA'plurality of suitable tubes 18 extend. longitudinally through thespace 14 between the end walls 16 and 171 Of the tubes 18, the upper ends communicate with the combustion chamber 10, and the lower ends open into a suitable exhaust duct 19. A generally cylindrical slightly tapered baille sheath 20 extends downwardly into the chamber 10, and serves to direct the products scribed taken by itself forms no partof the present invention, and is described for the purpose of fully illustrating the invention.

The present -invention deals primarily with the burner section of the furnace, and

` with the control of thel fuel and air supply j to the combustion chamber 10. In the press l support 11 and about the wall 15,

nt instance, the burner section constitutesa'dome or head 23 closing the upper end of the combustion chamber 10. To support the dome 23,' preferably aplurality of vertical columns 24, four inthe present instance, are securedin' equally spaced relation on the and extend upwardly toN the somewhat abovethe wall-12`. The columns 24, may be cons tructedin any suitable man- 4 Miner, as for example byvsecuring two angle bars` 25 together withtwo legs extending 1n directly opposite directions ,next to thewall 15, and by securing a strengthening str1p 26 between the bars 25.

. angle bars 27, at its outer peripheral edge to the inside of the wall 15 near its upper end, is an annular horizontal wall 28 which projects lation thereto. The. inner 'peripheral'edge of the wall 28 is turned downwardly to form a dependingcylindrical flange 29 which extends into the. sheath 20 and over the inner upper coils of the heating. tubes 13 -to protect the latter from excessiveA heat.`V

- sealing the space height of the wall 15 andA over the wall 16 and in spaccd're- Thev upper end'of the sheath 20 is securedA to the underside of thew'all 28 by means of an angle rim 30 concentric with the iange 29, thereby between the upper end of the sheath and the wall 28 so as to direct all of the products of combustion downwardly over the lower end of the sheath.

Secured to the Wall 28 in any suitable mannerand in equally spaced relation along its inner peripheral edge are a plurality, four in the present instance, of upwardly and in. wardly inclined arcuate walls 31. Secured to the side edges of .the walls 31 in any suitable manner are a-plurality of U-shaped wall members having side walls 32 and a top wall 33. The lower edges of the side walls 32 rcst on the wall 28. The U-shaped wall members define compartments 34, four in the present instance, the inner ends of which open into the combustion chamber 10, and which constitute relatively small auxiliary combustion chambers formingl part of the combustion chamber 10 but not subject to the draughts therein. Preferably, the compartments 34 are located intermediate the columns 24.

Secured-to the upper ends of the columns 24 and in abutting relation with the upper edge of the wall 15 are a plurality of arcuate members each having a horizontal wall 36 parallel to the wall28, and an upwardly and inwardly inclined wall-37 parallel to one of the walls 31. The

walls

36 and 37 are suitably spaced from the

walls

28 and 31 by spacers 38,to define air'passages 39, and the parts are held in assembled relation by any suitable means such as bolts 40. Suitable inwardly extending arms41 secured to the columns 24 and the walls 36 by any suitable means such as angle plates 42 are'secured to the walls 37 as by welding to support the latter.

Secured to the side edges of the walls 37 as by welding are a plurality of U-shaped wall members each having side walls 43 and a top wall 44 held in spaced relation respectively to thewalls 32 and 33 to define an air space 45 therewith about the compartments 34and opening into the passages 39. The side walls 43 rest on the walls 36. Suitable spacer members 47 are secured between the inner and outer walls of the air spaces 45, and the parts are clamped together by means of bolts 48.

Suitably secured to the outer ends of the U` shaped wall members are a plurality of end Secured in any suitable manner, as by walls 49` which close the outer ends of the compartments 34 and the air spaces 45.

Formed on the upper end of the wall 15 betweenthe columns 24 are a plurality of arcuate chambers 50 each havingan outer arcuate wall 51, end walls 52 and a bottom wall 53. The upper edge of thewall 51 is secured to the underside of the wall 36, and the inner jedges of the walls .52 and 53 are secured `to -the outside of the wall 15. The chambers 50 communicate through openings 54 and 55 re spectively to the chambers 14V of the preheater and the compartments 34 and air passages 39.

a downwardly, and

- stream of air against the stream of fuel to is such that when Projecting into the outer ends of the `conupartments 34 are a plurality of suitable burners 56, one for each compartment. ln the present instance, each burner 56 comprises a 5L water cooled nozzlef57 longitudinally adjustable in a sleeve 58 in the end wall 49, and

adapted to discharge a stream ofva suitable fuel and air, such as fuel oil and air.

Referring to F ig. 4, the nozzle 57 preferm ably comprises a discharge oriice68. A tube 69 opening at the orifice 68 is adapted to be.

connected through a hand control valve 70 to a fuel supply pipe 71 adapted to be connected to a suitable"source (not shown).

i5 Surrounding the tube. 69 is a sleeve 72"*Which is open to an air supply line 73 adapted to be connected to a suitable and preferably constant source of air undeil 4Vpressure (not shown). The sleeve 72 opens about the tube 2o 69 to the oriice 68 and also to an air discharge flatten the latter and to direct it downwardly at an angle onto the bottomwall of the chamber 34. 'lhe'air supply through the pipe 73 the supply of fuel-is adjusted to a minimum fora small Haine, it will be suilicient to produce substantially com- Jplete combustion; To protect the wall 2S from excessive heat, Pa plate 59 is adustabl mounted on and in spaced relation to the wal 28. This plate is held in position by suitable guide members 60 and has an arm 61 extendingloutwardly through the walls 15 and H 5l by which it can beadjusted. The plate a0 59` is so adjusted that the fuel and air from the burner 56 will impinlge thereon'unless raised out of Contact therewith as will be hereinafter described. rIlhe plate Y 59becomes highly heated, toI aid in keeping a small stream i ited.

flattened `streamll of and hence serves Means is provided for directing t e air entering through the openings into the chamber 34 over the plate 59 and against the underside of the fuel stream so as to raise 'the 50 latter from the plate 59 andfdirect same into the combustion zone in the chamber l0. This means comprises a baille plate 62 suitably secured to Y the opening 55, and slightly inclined down- '55 'wardly to a point over rthe plate 59.

Mounted' in the center of thedome v23-is a suitable grate 63 for supplying the necessary combustion air to theJ chamber 10.' Preferably, the grate 63, is round and has a peripheral dange 64at its upper edge lresting on the upper and inner edges ofthe walls 31 and 33. Theopening at the upper and linner edges of .the walls 37 and44 directly over thegrate 63 is closed by a suitable plate 65. The gratel. A f5 Y63 andthe plate 65 delinean air chamber66 inv the chamber 34,4

the inside of the wall l5 just over t which communicates with the air passages 39 and the air spaces 45. It will thus be noted that all of the inner surfaces of the dome 23 exposed to direct heat are air cooled. 'lhe center of the grate 63 is formed with suitable air inlet means, such as a plurality of perforations 67, to admit a central blast of air to the combustion chamber l0.' Preferably, the center of the pan 63 is pressed inwardly or upwardly to orientate the perforations 67 toward the center ofthe chamber l0 so as to heepthe llames `from impinging directly on the inner coils of the tubes 13. To prevent the ame from any one of the four burners 56 fromv entering, or coming close to one of the other burners, the grate 63 is formed in the shape of a pan depending into the upper end.

of the chamber 10.

ln operation, When the furnace is under a load, air is supplied by the fan 21 to the chambers 34 and the grate 63. rlhe air passes 'throughJ the grate63 into the combustion chambelO. Each burner discharges a flat tened stream of fuel with some air, and this stream is directed by the air entering thev chamber 34 into the main combustion chamber 10 and the stream of air from the grate 63 where it is consumed. The incoming air while itself at a high temperature still serves to cool the inner wallsl of the dome 23.

When there is temporarily no load or avery`smallv load the supply of fuel tofeach burner .56 is reduced thereby causing the flame to Withdraw into the small chamber, 34. The supply of'air to the chamber 34` is stopped so as to permit the small flattened stream of fuel from the burner 56 to impinge on the hot plate 59'.l With the fuel supply reduced to a small stream, enough air enters through the nozzle/5.8 to effect complete com. bustion in the chamber 34. vThus the smally stream of fuel burns quietly Without smoking and 1s protected from the draughts and lowering temperatures in the main combustion chamber/ 10. The chamber 34 being small is readily maintained at a relatively high temperature. l-f the small llame werein the mam chamber l0, it probably would soon be snuied out, and the charnber. 10 would lill with unburned vvapors so that ex lesions might result.

lt w1 1 be evident that the constructiorri simpleA and inexpensive, that there will he no oveg-heating of the parts, ane. that a homogeneous fuel mixture and hence complete combustion will be obtained. '.lhe parts IOL described herein can be made of any suitable I combination, a i

direct it to said large space when full and to confine it to said small space when small.

2. A furnace having in combination, a combustion chamber having a central combustion zone and an auxiliary-confined combustion zone, a burner, and means for selectively directing the flame from said burner to said main zone or p for confining said flame to said auxiliary zone.

3.. A furnace having, in combination, a combustion chamber, a burner having `a variable fuel supply and a constant air supply sufficient to maintain substantially complete combustion of a minimum fuel supply, and

having means for directing the air in a Jet across the fuel jet to flatten and deflect the latter against one vvalll of said chamber, and means for directing a stream of iiuid against the underside of said fuel jet tofkeep the latter away from said Wall and-to direct it to Without said chamber when desired.

4. A furnace having, in combination,l a combustion chamber, a wall forming part of said chamber, a plurality of spaced and double-walled compartments formed in said Walll and opening into said chamber, a plurality of burners one lin each compartment adapted to direct a stream of fuel into sai-d chamber, a depending member in said wall between said burners, and formed with air inlet means, and means for directin air through said compartments into said c amlber, and air over said Wall through said member into said chamber.

mounted. in each 'first mentioned means.

' combustion chamber, means formin 5. A furnace having, in combination, a combustion chamber, a Wall forming part of said chamber, a plurality of spaced compartments formed in said Wall and opening into said chamber, a plurality of burners one in each compartment adapted to direct a stream of fuel into said chamber, a depending member in said Wall ,between said burners, and formed with air inlet means, and means for directing air. over said .wall through said member into said chamber.

6. A furnace having, in combination, `a combustion chamber, a wall forming part pf said chambensaid Wall being formed with a plurality of distinct, relatively small and spaced chambers opening to said combustion chamber, and a plurality of burners .one

and adapted to direct a stream of fuel mixture therefrom into said combustion chamber.

7. A furnace having, in combination, a combustion chamber, a wall forming part of said chamber, said wall being` formed with air inlet means, means for directing air over the outside surface of said wall tosaid inlet means, and a plurality of burners mounted in said fvalll in spaced relation about said 8. A furnace having, in combination, a an aux iliary combustion space distinct rom and of said spaced chambers opening to said chamber,',.and a burner adjustably mounted in said spacefsaid burner having means for adjusting the fuel supply so as to vary the flame from a size extending into said chamber yto a size substantially confined to. said space.

9. A furnace having, in combination, a combustion chamber, a dome closing said chamber, said dome being formed with a plurality of spaced compartments opening into .said chamber, and having double Walls defining air filled spaces, and a plurality of burners one mounted in each compartment and adapted to direct a stream of fuel therethrough into said combustion chamber.

10. A furnace having, in combination, a combustion chamber, a relatively small compartment opening to said chamber, a burner adaptedl to discharge a streamof fuel into said compartment and against a Wall of said compartment, means for adjusting the fuel supply to said burner, and means or directing a stream of air over said Wall to raise saidstream of fuel therefromv and direct it into said chamber.

11. A furnace having, in combination, a combustion chamber, a Wall forming part of said chamber, a plurality of spaced compartments in said Wall .and about said chamber, a plurality of burners one in each compartment and means for directing air through said compartments into said chamber.

12. A furnace having, in vertical chamber, a wall closing'the upper end of said chamber, a plurality of burners mounted in spaced relation in said Wall and combination, a.

trally in said Wall and depending between said burners, and means 'for directing air over the outer surface of said .wall and through said member into said chamber.

13. A furnace having, in combination, a vertical combustion chamber, a plurality of supporting columns disposed about said chamber, a wall 'supported on said columns and closing the upper end of said chamber, a plurality of compartments formed at the periphery ofl said Wall and opening therethrough into said chamber, a plurality of burners one in each compartment and adapted to direct a stream of fuel into said chamber, means for directing air through said compartments into said chamber, and means for directing air over said Wall into said chamber.

14. A furnace having, in. combination, a furnace chamber having a .central draft having a space out of the central draught, ad- 'ustable means disposed in said space, a burner having a nozzle adapted to direct a stream of fuel against said means, and means for directing air over said means out of said space into said furnace chamber. s 15. A furnace having, in combination, a combustion chamber, a compartment opening into said chamber, means mounted on and in to carry said fuel fill spaced relation to the bottom Wall of said compartment,` said means being adjustable lengthwise of said compartment, a burner having a nozzle adjustably mounted in said compartment and adapted to direct a stream of fuel therefrom aga-inst said means, and

means for directing a stream of air over said Erst mentioned means to remove said stream of fuel therefrom and direct same into said chamber.

16. A furnace havmg, 1n combination, a combustion chamber, a compartment, aburnner in said compartment adapted to direct xed my signature. a l

ELMER E. BILLOW.