US1729151A

US1729151A - Herbert r

Info

Publication number: US1729151A
Authority: US
Publication date: 1929-09-24
Anticipated expiration: 1946-09-24

Description

Sept. 24, 1929. H. R. BRUNNER FUEL COMBUSTION Filed. Oct. 7. 1925 lTerberg j lirzaw r. WM

Patented Sept. 24, 1929 HERBERT R. BRUNNER, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

FUEL COMBUSTION Application filed October 7, 1925.

My invention relates to fuel combustion; the object is to provide improved method and means for insuring a uniform and suliicient passage of air into the fuel bed to generate con'ibustible out of the fuel bed, and also for carrying 011' the products of combustion from the combustion chamber without carrying off the unburnt gases, in such manner as to insure efficient burning within the combustion chamber, so as to utilize, to the fullest possible extent, the heat units resulting therefrom.

The invention is especially applicable for burning such fuels as buckwheat coal in domestic heating plants and comprises improved method and means for supplying air to the space beneath the fuel bed (the ash pit) of such ample volume and of such pressure only as to assure the even distribution and passage of the air into the fuel bed without appreciable assistance from the draft in the stack or chimney, and in so regulating the stack or chimney draft, and the supplemental air delivered to the combustion chamber, that all the delivered above the fuel bed, will be consumed in the combustion chamber and only the burnt products will be carried therefrom. In this manner the heat generated by the fuel combustion is utilized to the fullest possible extent.

The invention also comprises improvements in details of construction.

Referring to the drawings, which illustrate merely by way of example suitable means for effecting the invention Fig. 1 is a part vertical section.

Fig. 1 is a fragmentary view showing air inlet damper.

Fig. 2 is a top plan view.

Fig. 3 is a part plan View showing the ash door open.

Fig. l is a horizontal section of part of the device as shown in Figs. 1 and 2.

Similar numerals refer to similar parts throughout the several views.

Serial No. 61,015.

In the arrangement shown in the drawings, the furnace 7 is of usual type having the door 8 opening to the ash pit 9. This door 8 is ordinarily provided with a draft opening 10, normally closed by a gravity actuated damper, the plane of the margins of the opening being inclined to the perpendicular. This damper being removed, an adapter 11 is secured to the door 8 and surrounds the margins of opening 10. The engaging margins of the adapter are, in the example, shown, in a corresponding inclined plane, while the main body of the adapter 11 has an approximately horizontal extension. To the opposite side of the adapter, from the side secured to the door 8, is secured the chambered body 12, which is shown substantially of rectangular formation. The front end of this body 12, is provided with the damper or door 13 and the adjusting are and handle formation 14.

It will thus be seen that the adapter 11 and chambered body or box 12 form a selfcontaining unit secured to and entirely supported by the ash door of the furnace, and

adapted to swing with the door when the same is opened and closed. The opening 10 is of ample dimensions, usually as large as the door 8 will conveniently permit. The throat of the adapter 11 is sli htly larger than the opening 10. The throat or vertical crosssection of the chamber of body 12 is also slightly larger than opening 10. Vithin the chamber of body 12 is provided a ring or short cylinder 15, within which is suitably positioned a fan 16 supported and driven by the motor 17, secured and supported in any suitable way within the chamber of body 12, as by the spider 18. Between the chambered body 12 and the adapter 11 are provided the slidable shutters 19 for the adjustable control of communication between the ash pit 9 and the chamber of body 12. It will be noted that the adapter 11 and chambered body 12 are so proportioned and positioned as not to interfere with ready access to the ope 'ating ends of the grates which are normally on closed. by a. drop door as shown.

Above the fuel bed 20 is the combustion chamber 21. provided with the usual controlled air inlet Ql, and the usual smoke pipe 22 connecting the combustion chamber to the static or chimney flue, not shown. This smoke pipe is provided with a suitable damper as at In operation, having a fuel bed of normal dimensions, composed of buclcwhaat coal or similar fuel, a volume and pressure of air provided beneath the fuel bed to assure an. evenly distributed passage 0" the air into said fuel. bed, and a delivery 0 gas therefrom into the combustion chamber above the fuel bed.

This volume and pressure is approximately adjusted, or relative to the mass and density of said fuel. bed, in order that the proper amount of gas shall be generated from the fuel, for burning in the combustion chamber. This pressure depends very slightly, if at all, upon the draft of the stack or chimney flue, since, in such case, tl c draft. would tend to carry off from the combustion chamber a large amount of unburned gas, or prodnets of combustion from which the heat units had. not been extracted, thus causing serious waste of heat units.

By creating a large volume of air, at a relatively low pressure, in the ash pit or space below the fuel bed, and utilizing a relatively low pressure above the fuel bed, due to the stack flue, there is secured such a passage of air into the fuel bed as will. result in a combustible gas delivered to the combustion chamber, above said fuel bed. This is mixed with sufficient air, from the controlled inlet 13, or otherwise, for insuring combustion, so that the gases will be entirely burned within the chamber. The stack draft is so reduced that the products of combustion will be retarded, or will idle through the heatin spaces of the furnace and thus permit, to the fullest extent, heat transference from the products of combustion to the medium of heat circulation, such as air, water or steam,

the case may be, and only the burnt products with most of the heat extracted therefrom, are carried away by the stack flue.

Merely by way of example, assume that '10/100 of an inch pressure were required to -ause the desired and evenly distributed passage of air to the coal bed, an ample volume of air is provided beneath the fuel bed, at a pressure of about 8/100 of an inch, permitting only about 2/100 of an inch pressure to be created by the flue draft, in order to secure the comlitions as above set forth. \Vhereas, if the entire pressure of 10/100 of an inch, necessary to cause the required flow of air through the fuel bed. were to be aused by the flue draft, it will be seen that the suction in the combustion chamber above the fuel bed, would result in carrying away the combustible gases, or even the burnt products so rapidly as to result in great heat losses, and this condition, in practically all domestic heating plants burning such coal as buclcwheat, has been found actually to exist.

My invention therefore consists essentially in. providing a. volume and creating a pie.- sure of air beneath the fuel bed, the pressure nearly or quite sutlicient, never under any conditions excessive, to cause the evenly distributed passage of air into the fuel bed, and perniitt'in the stack or chimney flue to exert a. suction on the combustion chamber barely sufficient to carry therefrom the products of combustion after having delivered. to the 011'- culating medium, the major portion of their heat units.

As a convenient means for carrying out the invention, it should be noted that the pan is preferably designed, especially with respect to pitch or angle of; blade, as to produce an approximately definite static pressure, under varying conditions, as for example, air spaces of varying dimensions.

It will. also be noted that the booster unit comprising the fan, its housing and associated elements, delivers to the regular and usual channel of the ash pit draft. It in no way changes or alters this important function of draft, except to accelerate or boost the d 'aft or air flow into the fuel bed from underneath, as and when required. In effect it is a means of turning up the gas; increasing the gas flow from the fuel bed. (the gas producer) at will, as required.

It will also be noted that my device is adapted normally to permit the uninterrupted course of draft .in the accustomed manner in a wide range of heating units; that is, the regular and accustmned ash pit draft management is not disorganized, but when desired, all the elements of the ash. pit draft may function normally.

What I claim is 1. In. combination with a heating furnace, having a hinged ashpit door with a draft opening having margins in a plane inclined to the perpendicular, a fan and motor and a housing therefor, an adapter comprising a chambered formation open to the draft opening and to the fan and motor housing, said adapter having cooperating margins in a plane corresponding to that of the margins of the draft opening, secured to and supported by the ashpit door and secured to and supporting the said housing, and horizontally slidable shutters positioned between the adapter and the fan and motor housing.

2. In combination with a heating furnace, having a hinged ashpit door with a draft opening having margins in a plane inclined to the perpendicular, a fan and motor and a housing therefor, an adapter comprising a lll) chambered formation open to the draft opening and to the fan and motor housing, said adapter having cooperating margins in a plane corresponding to that of the margins of the draft opening, secured to and supported by the ashpit door and secured to and supporting the said housing, the adjacent Walls of the adapter and of the fan and motor housing cooperating to form horizontal Ways for shutters and shutters slidable therein.

HERBERT R. BRUNNER.