US1726151A - Production of stereotypes - Google Patents

Production of stereotypes Download PDF

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Publication number
US1726151A
US1726151A US194522A US19452227A US1726151A US 1726151 A US1726151 A US 1726151A US 194522 A US194522 A US 194522A US 19452227 A US19452227 A US 19452227A US 1726151 A US1726151 A US 1726151A
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United States
Prior art keywords
sheets
matrix
sheet
impregnated
mixture
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Expired - Lifetime
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US194522A
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English (en)
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Hole Edward Sidney
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Individual
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Individual
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41N—PRINTING PLATES OR FOILS; MATERIALS FOR SURFACES USED IN PRINTING MACHINES FOR PRINTING, INKING, DAMPING, OR THE LIKE; PREPARING SUCH SURFACES FOR USE AND CONSERVING THEM
    • B41N1/00—Printing plates or foils; Materials therefor
    • B41N1/12—Printing plates or foils; Materials therefor non-metallic other than stone, e.g. printing plates or foils comprising inorganic materials in an organic matrix
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
    • C08J5/24—Impregnating materials with prepolymers which can be polymerised in situ, e.g. manufacture of prepregs
    • C08J5/245—Impregnating materials with prepolymers which can be polymerised in situ, e.g. manufacture of prepregs using natural fibres
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
    • C08J5/24—Impregnating materials with prepolymers which can be polymerised in situ, e.g. manufacture of prepregs
    • C08J5/249—Impregnating materials with prepolymers which can be polymerised in situ, e.g. manufacture of prepregs characterised by the additives used in the prepolymer mixture
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2361/00—Characterised by the use of condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones; Derivatives of such polymers
    • C08J2361/04—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with phenols only
    • C08J2361/06—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with phenols only of aldehydes with phenols

Definitions

  • This invention relates to an improved method of producing stereotypes and printing surfaces.
  • the present methods employed in the duplication or multiplication of existing raised printing surfaces in a material capable of standing the wear of printing has generally necessitated the use of heavy, brittle and unwieldly metal stereotypes. These are expensive and difiicult to reproduce, often subject to distortion or shrinkage, costly to send through the post and easily liable to become damaged or broken.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a method of obtaining stereotypes and other printing surfaces which will enable a cheap, extremely durable and accurate printing surface to be speedily obtained.
  • a suitable base for instance paper, cellulose, paper pulp or other suitable substance which can be sub ected to the treatment referred to in the following description, impregnated with and treated with a composition which has the result of rendering the said base hard or fairly hard, after the base and impregnant have been placed in a press carrying either an original or a matrix, the base then being subjected to heat under pressure.
  • the aldehyde is formaldehyde
  • the coal tar intermediate is preferably carbolic acid (phenol).
  • the salt can be a salt of potassium, sodium or ammonium.
  • a material selected from the chromium oxides, chromates and dichromates, for instance ammonium chromate or dichromate, is added subsequent to the amalgamation of the formaldehyde, phenol and alkali salt.
  • the mixture is kept boiling, preferably with constant stirring, until this first seething has subsided and until, after an interval, a second seething begins to appear. It is chiefly to indicate this stage by making the second seethin more evident, that the addition of aluminium or boric acid is useful as otherwise it is not so easy to follow the progress. At this point the strong smell of formaldehyde begins to disappear and is replaced by a not unpleasant aroma. Great care must be exercised that the boiling is not carried too far or the whole mixture may suddenly solidify into an insoluble mass. Moreover, if the mixture is boiled too much it will not have sufiicient plasticity or solubility for the purpose in view and if it is not boiled enough it will be too thin and too fluid.
  • chromates can be used but I prefer the ammonium salt on account of the volatility of the ammonium and the comparative ease with which it effects combination.
  • calcium chromate godium or potassium chromate or dichromate are less useful on account of the potassium already incorporated in the mixture.
  • Chromate acid c iromium trioxide
  • Copper, aluminium, zinc and other metallic chromates can be used, preferably dissolved in a sufiicient quantity of chromium trioxide and water. It is also possible first to neutralize the KOH with an acid, for instance nitric or hydrochloric acid, adding a smaller quantity of ammonium dichromate afterwards.
  • the sheets should not be allowe to dry hard and stiff but should be used while containing suificient retained moisture orglycerine to make them soft and flexible. After some hours u )on the lines it is advisable to remove t e sheets and to store them in some air-proof container in a cool place ready for use as required.
  • the number of sheets of impregnated filter paper to be used depends upon the thickness of the matrix or stereo which it is desired to make. For deep line engravings about eight sheets of ordinary filter paper may be used for the matrix, and one less for the stereo, but for shallow etching three or even two sheets may serve.
  • the sheets are pressed upon the selected goo temperature being approximately. 300 degrees Fahrenheit. Still better results can be obtained if the platen which bears against the sheet of impregnated material (usually the top platen) is hotter than the other platen,
  • the late or type should be heated in the press be ore the sheets are imposed thereon, as this will revent the entire or too copious flow of the impregnant from the surface to the sunken parts. Thus under the influence of simultaneous heat and pressure an exact reproduction of'the late or type will be sunk into the'imposed s leets.
  • the length of time of the pressing operation varies according to the degree of heat employed, the relief of the printin surface, the proportion of moisture in the s eets and the number of sheets forming the matrix.
  • the pressing operation need not in most cases exceed six'minu tes, and normally it need only take three minutes.
  • efore thymatrix can be used for repro- 'duction it m'ustbe thoroughly cooled.
  • the surface of the matrix should be brushed over with a mixture of a'vehicle such as Vaseline or olive oil made into a paste with talcumpowder or plumbago or the like, which should then be well brushed out of the crevices of the matrix. This should be done each time a new stereo is to be taken from the matrix.
  • This matrix can now be employed for reproducing from it any desired number of copies of the original printing late by merely substituting the matrix for t e print the (press are heated by any suitable means, a v
  • the etching is not so deep as to require the special treatment hereinafter described) and hardened on the arrival of the delayed heat which has traversed the iron plate and matrix.
  • a metallic or artially metallic surface may be secured by usting or brushing the surface of the outer impregnated sheet with the-desired metal in powder form before it is placed in contact with the matrix.
  • these recesses can, before the pressing operation, be fi-lled in with matter that will unite with the impregnating substance of the im osed sheets.
  • the filling substance is prefera ly absorbent but an absorbent'filler may be mixed in certain proportions with finely powdered metallic substance for instance zinc.
  • a suitable compound can stirred into the mixture and allowed to stand for some minutes, and is then intimately mixed with the wood flour and afterwards dried, first at a gentle heat and then at a temperature up to 300 Fahrenheit. When thoroughly dry this impregnated wood flour can be ground to a very fine and hard powder.
  • chromic acid The exact amount of chromic acid to be used depends upon the amount of potash in the original mixture and the degree to which it has been boiled. If too little chromic acid is used the resultant powder may be too light and soft for the purpose, and if too much is used the stereos may be too brittle. copper, aluminium or other metallic chro mates can be used dissolved in the chromic acid, or calcium ehromate may be used in place of or in addition to chromic acid. A very large number of metallic salts and metals in powder form can be mixed with the wood flour during impregnation and an actual printing surface largely or almost entirely,
  • the powder above described becomes an integral part of thestereo forming. with the sheets a strong whole which .can'be cut or sawn as required. ⁇ Vhen taken from the press the stereos can, moreover, vbe bent into any shape and they retain a degree of flexibility even when they have become quite cold.
  • a paste of talcum owder or plumbago or a mixture of bot and water is spread over the surface of the type, several sheets of blotting paper placed over the "whole, which is then dried under heat and pressure in the ress.
  • the surface of the type is then brusiied clean while the talcumpowder is left in the crevices beneath the actual printing surface where it was forced by the blotting. paper.
  • This can be done, for instance, by means of an ordinary brush attached to the sides of which are twopieces of flat wood beyond which'the hairs of the brush barely project. By drawing this over the surface it is cleaned to' the required depth.
  • the talcum-powder remaining in the crevices will absorb the/excess of exuding impregnant which might otherwise pass between the lines and letters and make it very difiicult for the type to .be separated. Further, insteadof using many sheets of impregnated paper as in the case of plates or other originals presenting a solid background, it is. advisable'to interleave dry sheets of filter paper between the impregnated sheets so that no more impregnant shall flow into the type and talcum-powd than is necessary to get. suflicient depth in the matrix.
  • the stereos produced from the matrices described in this process can be made of uniform thickness with only the 'very' slightest variation, but wherey'for any purpose the thicknes's'of each stereo must be absolutely exact this can be secured by sandpapering or planing the back-in a suitable machine.
  • the sole plant required to operate 4 theproces s is one heated press.
  • the stereos can be strenghtened by utilizing for instance a sheet of textile at the back of or among the impregnated sheets.
  • the present 1nvention in one embodiment briefly cons sts in obtaining printing surfaces from origiiio nals by pressing a matrix obtained from a porous fibrous or cellulose substance impregnated with formaldehyde, 0. coal tar intermediate, an alkali salt and a salt of chromium, upon a printing plate or ty e at considerable pressure, and allowing t a matrix to become cold.
  • a useful feature of my invention residin in the flexible nature of the printing sur ace when firstproduced and lengthy process involved in the prepara lion of a number of similar printing su r aces.
  • I claim 1 The method of making printing plates and matrices therefor which consists in impregnating a sheet of plastic material with a.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Paper (AREA)
  • Printing Plates And Materials Therefor (AREA)
US194522A 1926-07-16 1927-05-26 Production of stereotypes Expired - Lifetime US1726151A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB17883/26A GB278460A (en) 1926-07-16 1926-07-16 Improvements in and connected with the production of printing surfaces

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US1726151A true US1726151A (en) 1929-08-27

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US194522A Expired - Lifetime US1726151A (en) 1926-07-16 1927-05-26 Production of stereotypes

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US1726151A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BE (1) BE342848A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE474222C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR641978A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB278460A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NL (1) NL20975C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2612481A (en) * 1949-04-25 1952-09-30 Us Plywood Corp Phenol aldehyde adhesive containing a chromium compound
US2703051A (en) * 1949-02-25 1955-03-01 News Syndicate Co Inc Matrix for production of plastic printing plates
US2825645A (en) * 1953-03-24 1958-03-04 Burgess Cellulose Company Stereotype mat
US2831224A (en) * 1955-02-21 1958-04-22 Tenak Products Company Matrix and method of making same
US2966475A (en) * 1956-05-16 1960-12-27 Philips Corp Adhesive comprising polyvinyl butyral resin, chromate salt, and copper salt
US3075260A (en) * 1955-05-09 1963-01-29 Kimberly Clark Co Stereotype mat

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113427938B (zh) * 2021-07-26 2022-06-14 淄博泰康轻工制品有限公司 贴花纸及其应用

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2703051A (en) * 1949-02-25 1955-03-01 News Syndicate Co Inc Matrix for production of plastic printing plates
US2612481A (en) * 1949-04-25 1952-09-30 Us Plywood Corp Phenol aldehyde adhesive containing a chromium compound
US2825645A (en) * 1953-03-24 1958-03-04 Burgess Cellulose Company Stereotype mat
US2831224A (en) * 1955-02-21 1958-04-22 Tenak Products Company Matrix and method of making same
US3075260A (en) * 1955-05-09 1963-01-29 Kimberly Clark Co Stereotype mat
US2966475A (en) * 1956-05-16 1960-12-27 Philips Corp Adhesive comprising polyvinyl butyral resin, chromate salt, and copper salt

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BE342848A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NL20975C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR641978A (fr) 1928-08-14
DE474222C (de) 1929-03-28
GB278460A (en) 1927-10-13

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