US1724491A - Wrench - Google Patents

Description

S. MANDL Aug. 13, 1929.

WRENCH Filed July 26. 1926 2 Sheets-Sheet gnam/fam mv M d@ m/M www@ @e Aug 13,-1929. s. MANDL 1,724,491

WRENCH Filed July 26, 1926 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Patented Aug. 13, 1929.

UNITED vSl-'A'res PATENT oF-FicE.

SIEGMUND mANnI'., or MILWAUKEE, wIScoNSrN, ASSIGNOB., BY MESNE ASSIGN- MENTS, To nUsxY conPoBATIoN, or xnNoSHA, WISCONSIN, A CORPORATION oF WISCONSIN.

WRENCH.

Application led July 26,

low handle of the same; the ratchet Wrench being of the same general type as that disclosed in my co-pending application, Serial No. 689,912, filed February 21, 1924, now issued as Patent No. 1,614,039, Jan. 11, 1927.

In practice I have found that there is considerable demand for a compact ratchet wrench outfit. In order to satisfy this demand I have invented and designed a ratchet wrench co-bperable with and adapted to interchangeably hold different size wrench sockets as well as an extension piece, all of which are mounted in an ideal and compact manner within the hollow of the handle of the wrench proper. I believe I am the iirst to utilize the bore of the handle of the wrench to house parts which are adapted for use in conjunction with the ratchet wrench.

I propose to removably mount all of the wrench sockets on an extension member cooperable with a wrench, and to then removably mount the member and all but one of the sockets within the hollow of the handle of the wrench.

Also, I propose to utilize the last socket on the extension member as a closure piece for the end of the hollow handle.

An object of the present invention is toi provide an improved ratchet wrench of the same general character as that disclosed in the aforesaid co-pending application which may be used with advantage in turning parts difficult of access.

Another object of the present invention is' to provide a novel wrench outfit having a plurality of parts adapted to be interchangeably used in conjunction with the wrench and which are mounted within the hollow of the handle of the said wrench.

A further object of the present invention is to provide means for normally retaining the socket and extension member within the hollow handle of the wrench, which means is co-operable with a pocket formed within the body of the wrench in an ideal and novel manner.

A still further object of my invention is to provide means whereby in a wrench outit of the character above discussed, one of 1926. Serial No. 124,962.

the sockets may be employed as a closure p1ece for thelend of the hollow handle.

Astlll further object of the present inventlon 1s to provide a wrench body formed with means for counter-acting bending stresses imposed u on the head of the same in the direction'o the axis of the wrench opening.

y Other objects and advantages of the present invention Will more fully appear from the following detail description taken in connection with the accompanying drawings which illustrate one embodiment thereof,

and in which Figure 1 is a plan view of my novel wrench construction;

Fig. 2 is a sectional view taken substantially on the line 2-2 of Fig. 1, illustrating the use of my wrench construction in conjunction with the novel extension member;

Fig. 3 is a fragmentary sectional view taken on the line 3--3 of Fig. 2, looking downwardly Fig. 4 is a sectional view taken substantially on the line 4 4 of Fig. 2, looking in the direction indicated by the arrows;

Fig. 5 is an enlarged sectional view taken on the line 5 5 of Fig. 3;

Fig. 6 is an enlarged sectional view taken on the line 6-6 of Fig. 2, looking in the direction indicated by the arrows; and

Fig. 7 is a side View of a plurality of nut engaging sockets Such as I employ in conjunction with my novel wrench construction, the last one being illustrated in vertical diametrical section.

Referring now to the drawings in detail in which like reference numerals designatesimilarA parts throughout the several views, 10 denotes generally a wrench body embodying the features of my invention. The body 10 comprises a tubular handle 11 and a Hat head portion 12 formed integral with the said handle. The entire body including the head portion 12 and the handle 11 is preferably made of two halves joined together by any suitable means. Each half is preferably semi-circular in shape at the handle end and substantially fiat at the head end. The halves may be .punched out on a punch press from any desirable sheet metal through the means of suitable punch and die equipment. In each of the halves or pieces comprising the body 10 at a place intermediate the junction of the flat head portion 12 and the circular handle portion 11, there is formed an upset portion or projection 13. The two upset portions 13 are adapted to co-operate with certain members inside of the body of the wrench, to be described hereinafter, to form a hexagonal pocket inside of the wrench body. The purpose of this ocket will be more fully explained hereina ter.

In Fig. 2 I have indicated one of the seams or lines of junction between the two halves comprising the body portion 10 by the reference numeral 14. Now, due to the relatively great amount of stresses that are usually imposed upon the head portion of the wrench, I find it desirable to provide additional means for securing the two halves of the body together at the head portion. The most practical way of accomplishing this is by rivets 15. In addition to serving as a fastening medium, the three rivets illustrated form a novel function to be set forth in the present description as the same progresses. At the extreme e'nd of the handle 11 I find it desirable, in order to augment the fastening between the two pieces comprising the body 10, to encircle the handle 11 at this portion by a ring or sleeve 16. This ring may be wedged or soldered in place by means of any suitable apparatus. The outer periphery of the ring 16 is preferably knurled in order to enhance the appearance of the wrench body.

Thus it will be seen that at one end of the body 10 I have reenforced the fastening between the two halves comprising the same by means of rivets, and at the other end I' have reenforced the fastening by means of a metallic ring encircling the end of the handle and adapted to repel strains tending to separate the two halves at this end of the body.

The head portion 12 is provided with a transverse opening or pocket 17 which is defined about its end and sides by a relatively thin and unweakened metallic strip 18. That is to say, the pocket or opening 17 is formed in the. head portion 12 as near to the end of the body of the wrench vas the material will permit of. This, as will become more apparent hereinafter, enables the wrench to be used in places that are usually difiicult of access. Disposed in the space enclosed by the half of the body 10 is a ratchet wheel 20 lying in a substantially longitudinal plane. The ratchet wheel 20 has formed integral therewith on each side a hub or annular bearing 21. The bearings 21 project through opposite sides of the pocket or opening 17. The entire ratchet wheel construction 20, including the hubs 21, has a polygonal` opening 22 extending transversely therethrough and in a substantially central position with respect to the ratchet wheel. I have illustrated the opening 22 as preferably being hexagonal in shape. As best shown in Fig. 1, the circular opening 17 is formed by an oset ring or bearing member 23 in which the hub portion 21 is journaled. Each of the halves of the body 1() are equipped with such la member 23, one for each hub portion21 of the ratchet wheel. These bearing members 23 provide adequate support for the ends or hubs 21 of the ratchet wheel and enable the ratchet to rotate perfectly true at all times.

Also positioned intermediate the halves comprising the body 10 is a metallic member 25 disposed in a longitudinal plane and substantially flat on its sides. This member is preferably located at theA junction of the head portion 12 with the handle 11. This flat member 25 (Fig. 3) is secured to the body 10 by the three rivets 15 which extend therethrough. One end of this member 25 has formed therein an arcuate shaped. opening 26 substantially parallel to the pitch line of the ratchet teeth. The portions indicated by the reference numerals 27 adjacent the arcuate aperture 26 are extended into the space separating the sides of the body 10 at the head portion 12 as far as possible without interfering with the teeth of the ratchet wheel 20. This enables .a relatively strong construction and one which is adapted to resist forces tending to crush the head portion (Fig. 3).

The metallic member 25 has a diagonally disposed slot -30 positioned at a relatively small angle to the longitudinal axis of the' body l0 and communicating at one end with the space defined by the arcuate shaped end of the member 25. That is to say, this slot 30 communicates at one end withA the opening 26. Positioned in this slot 30 is a pawl y 31 comprising a substantially rectangular prism longitudinallymovable in the slot, but confined against transverse movement by the sides of the body 10. Also positioned in the slot is a spring 32 for at. all times urging the pawl towards the ratchet wheel 20. It should be noted that the slot 30 is located in the member 25 intermediate the rivets 15, which serve to strengthen the member 25 through the section of the slot. That is to say, by tying the sides adjacent the slot 30 to the body 10 any tendency to spread the sides of the slot apart and distort the member 25 is thus frustrated. The pawl 3l has an end at right angles to the side faces of the pawl, as indicated bythe reference numeral 33, for engaging the teeth 34 of the ratchet wheel 20. Each of the teeth 311 of the said ratchet'has a holding edge 35 disposed at substantially right angles to a slanting edge 36 of an adjacent tooth. In other words, each tooth has a holding portion 35 and a slanting edge 36.

N ow as is shown in Fig. 3, it will be apparent that the end of the rectangular pawl 31 is adapted to fit relatively tight in the right angles thus formed by the teeth 34 of the ratchet wheel 20. That is to say, when the end of the pawl 31 is in engagement with the teeth of the ratchet wheel, 1t will have its end 33 substantially parallel with and contiguous with the adjacent slanting edge 36, and one of its side faces 38 substantially parallel with and contiguous with the adjacent holding edge 35 of another tooth. This construction enables the 'slanting edges 36 of the teeth 34 of the ratchet wheel 20 to exert a force substantially at right angles to the end of the pawl 31 when the ratchet 20 is actuated in one direction to cause the pawl to be moved longitudinally in the slot 30 to permit the ratchet 20 to turn, and the holding edges 35 of the teeth 34 of the ratchet wheel 20 to exert a force at substantially right angles to the side or edge 38 of the pawl 31, causing the resultant stresses to be transmitted from said ratchet wheel 20 directly through said pawl 31 at right angles to the axis thereof and directly against one of the edges of said slot, thus wedging the ratchet against being turned inl an opposite direction.

I find it advisable, in order to strengthen the body 10 at the place for the rivets l5, to provide each half of the body 10 with a pair of projections or upset portions 40, each of which is formed intermediate a rivet 15 and an outside edge of the body 10. These upset portions 40 not only strengthen the head of the wrench materially, but also prevent crushing of this end of the body. Then, too, these projections 40 serve to prevent lateral bending of the halves comprising the body 10. That is to say, it is much more difiicult, as is well known to engineers, to bend metallic material that has a plurality of upset portions or corrugations. Thus, it is evident that any forces in the direction of the axis of the ratchet wheel 20 tending to distort or bend the body 10, will be repelled or counteracted by the resiliency of the portions 40. Should the force imposed upon the head of the-wrench be strong enough to. bend it a slight distance, the portions 40 will thereafter react to return the body to its true position. The upset portions 40 are clearly illustrated in conjunction with the rivets in Fig. 1.

In manufacturing the member 25 illustrated in Figs..l 3 and G, I preferably make the same of a/plurality of laminations such as those indicated by the reference numeral 41. This is done primarily to cheapen the cost of manufacturing this part, since it is comparatively easy to punch such laminations out of sheet metal and to then assemble them. I ind that by laminating this member 25 it is enabled to more successfully repel forces tending to distort the same. v

The other end of the member 25 is bifurcated as shown in Fig. 3, forming a air of legs 42'which are spaced a given distance apart. As thus shown in Fig. 6, the space intermediate the legs 42 is enclosed at the other ends by the angular projections 13 formed in the body 10 as was previously mentloned. The result is that the legs 42, together with these projections 13, define a polygonal or hexagonal pocket 45, in the bore 46 of the body 10 of the wrench. The handle end (Fig. 2) of the bore 46 is preferably beveled, as indicated at 47 for a purpose to be hereinafter described.

N ow I shall proceed to describe the manner in which I have mounted and secured an extension 48 and a plurality of wrench sockets 50 in the hollow or bore 46 of the handle 11 of my novel Wrench. To the best of my knowledge I believe that I am the first to mount a mechanism for use in conjunction with the wrench inside of the hollow handle of the same. No one has ever provided a ratchet wrench of the character described with a hollow handle for receiving the sockets and extension piece which are co-operable with the ratchet opening of the wrench.

Positioned inside of the hollow or bore 46 is the-extension member or piece 48. This member, as shown in Fig. 2, is preferably polygonal or hexagonal in contour and is adapted to fit in the polygonal opening 22 of the head end of the wrench proper. Each end of this member 48 is equipped with a ball 51 which is at all times resiliently urged outwardly. These resiliently urged balls 51 are well known to those familiar with the wrench art. Also formed in an end of the member 48 are a plurality of lateral Wings 52 which are adapted to abut the edge of a socket member 50 mounted thereon. These wings 52 serve as a means for limiting the movement of a socket member 50 upon the said extension means 48 as shown in Fig. 2. The resiliently urged balls 51 serve to hold a socket when pla'ced thereover in position.

That is to say, these balls 51 tend to bind the sockets 50 to the member 48.

Each of the sockets 50 have a polygonal opening for receiving the polygonal extension piece 48, as well as a hexagonal wrench opening. I have indicated the polygonal opening by the reference numeral 54 and the wrench opening by the reference numeral 55. Since all the sockets are substantially alike with the exception of size, it is thought that an illustration of one will suiice for all. In Fig. 7 I have illustrated all of the sockets in full size and have shown the largest one in section. Also, although the Wrench openings are shown as being hexagonalin shape, it is of course to be understood that they may be made square in contour as well as in other polygonal formation without deviating from the features of my invention. In practice I have manufactured the sockets in the following sizes z-one-half inch l-ths inches, 5/Sths inches,l` Hgths inches, 3ths inches and 7/8ths inches. The extension piece 48 is preferabl made 7 inches in length. The overall length, of the wrench is 81/2 inches.

Referring now to Fig. 2, it will be noted that I have illustrated in dotted lines the extension piece 48 inside the hollow bore 46 of the handle 11. One end of this piece 48 is adapted to fit in the pocket defined by the legs 42 of the member 25 and the projections 13 previously described. The resilient ball 51 is adapted to bind the end of the member 48 to the sides defining the pocket. Mounted on the extension piece 48 inside the hollow or bore 46 are the sockets 50. Only live of these sockets are disposed within the hol-v low of the handle. The otherI socket 50, which is the largest one or the one that is r{'/8ths inches in size, I have designed to serve as a closure piece. This large socket 5() is equipped with a beveled edge co-operable with the beveled edge 47 of the bore 10. This last socket 50 is retained in place on the end of the extension piece 48 by the resilient ball 51. Obviously, the one end of the extension piece is held in place in the pocket 45 by the resilient ball 51 associated therewith, and the other end of the piece 48 is held in place due to the binding action between the two bev- I eled surfaces 47 and 60. Of course'it is to be understood that although I disclosed only six sockets 50, that the invention is not to be limited thereby for it is possible to build a wrench using as many sockets and extensions as are desirable without deviating from the features of my invention.

In Fig. 5 I have illustrated a polygonal shaped plugd62 fitted in the polygonal opening 22 in the ratchet wheel 20. This plug has a pair of balls 63 mounted therein and urged outwardly by springs 64 in a manner that is well known. The plug 62 may project from either side of the wrench as is desired. The balls or elements 63 through the springs 64 are adapted to maintain the plug in position in the wrench.

The manner of using my wrench is as follows. Normally the extension piece 48 and sockets 50 will be mounted in the handle, as shown in Fig. 2. The wrench when in this form may be used in the same way as any other wrench for loosening or tightening parts. My wrench has this advantage, how-l ever, over prior constructions in that it may be used in places unaccessible to the ordinary type of wrench.

Quite frequently the head of the bolt or the nut which'it is desired to turn is located in a depression or pocket which is not accessible to the head of the wrench. In that event it is necessary to employ my novel extension piece 48 in the manner shown in Fig. 2. The extension piece 48 and the sockets 50 may be very easily removed from the hollow of the handle by exerting a slight amount of pressure to pull the same from within. In some cases the large socket 50 having the beveled edges 60 will come off of the extension piece 48 when pressure is exerted thereon, due to the fact that the extension piece is tightly maintained in position within the hollow of the handle 11, by the binding action between the ball 51 and the walls defining the pocket 45. Then it will be necessary to pull the end of the extension member 48 outwardly. In most cases by pulling on the large socket 50, which constitutes the closure piece, the entire assembly including the extension piece and all the sockets may be removed with facility from the handle.

By placing the extension piece in the pol gyonal aperture 22 and positioning a soc et on its end in the manner shown in Fig. 2, the socket may be extended down into the aperture or pocket in which the bolt or nut 1s located and in engagement therewith. Then by exerting turning power upon the wrench the bolt or nut may be either tightened or loosened, as the case may be.

From the foreo'oing it will be seen that I have provided a lhandy and compact wrench construction of relatively great strength, minimum size, and minimum number of parts. Also, should it be desired to use the wrench for turning a polygonal shaped member having a size greater than that of the opemng 22, the plug 62 may be inserted therein and a suitable size of socket 50 may be mounted on the end of the plug projecting therefrom. This is obvious from Fig. 5.

Now, although I have described in detail the referred embodiment of my invention, it 1s of course to be -understood that the invention is not to be limited by this disclosure but only insofar as defined by the scope of the appended claims What I claim is:

1. In combination, a wrench having a head portion including a wrench opening and having a hollow handle, and means including a wrench socket and an extension member relnovabl housed in the said hollow handle with t e extension member passing through the wrench socket and co-operable with the said wrench said means being removable from said handle for cooperation with said opening. A

2. In combination, a wrench having a substantially flat head portion and a hollow handle portion, and means including an extension having a wrench socket detachably mounted thereon positioned in the said hollow portion and co-operable with the said wrench.

3. In combination, a wrench having a substantially flat head portion, a hollow handle portion, and means including an extension piece having a wrench socket detachably mounted thereon and extending into the said hollow portion, the said wrench socket constituting a closure for the said hollow ortion and being readily removable theregroin for co-operation with the said wrench.

4. In combination, a ratchet wrench having a handle equipped with a longltudinal bore, and a head equipped with a wrench opening, said bore adapted to contain a plurality of parts to be interchangeably associated with the said wrench opening, one of the said parts constituting a closure for the bore in the handle and being1 readily removable to permit access to t e other parts.

5. In combination, a wrench including a body having a hollow-portion, a polygonal extension member mounted in the said hollow ortion and beingv readily removable there rom for co-operation wlth the said wrench, the said body of the wrench havmg formed therein a polygonal shaped pocket for receiving an end of the said extension member when the same is in position in the said hollow portion of the body, and a wrench socket detachably mounted upon the other end of the polygonal shaped extension member forming a closure for the said hollow portion as well as a medium for holding the extension member in place within the hollow portion.

6. In combination, a substantially hollow wrench body including a head portion and a handle, a ratchet wheel having a wrench opening positioned in the head portlon of the body, a member having a slot and positioned in the hollow body at the junction of the head portion and handle, a pawl positioned in the said slot for engaging said ratchet wheel, and fastening means extending through the body and member on opposite sides of the said slot for strengthening the member at the place of the slot and for fastening the member to the body.

7. In combination, a pair of spaced plates, a ratchet wheel rotatably carried thereby, a member having a slot and positioned intermediate the plates adjacent the ratchet wheel, a pawl in the said slot for engaging the ratchet wheel, a plurality of fastening elements extending through the said plates into the member on opposite sides of the slot for strengthening the member at this place, there being upset portions and projections formed in the said plates adjacent the fastening elements for strengthening the plates and for resisting bending thereof.

8. In combination, a wrench body including a .tubular handle and a substantially flat head merging into the said handle and also having a hollow portion, a member disposed inside of the body at thc junction of the handle and the head, a ratchet wheel mounted in the said head, a pawl co-operable with the said ratchet wheel, and means for fastening the said member to the bodv.

9. In combination, a wrench body includmg a tubular handle and a substantiall flat head merging into the said handle an also having a hallow portion, a member having a slot and disposed inside of the body at the junction of the handle and the head, a ratchet wheel mounted in the said head, a pawl in the said slot for engaging the said ratchet wheel, and means for fastening the niienber to the body on opposite sides of the s o 10. In combination, a wrench body including a tubular handle and a substantiall flat head merging into the said handle an also having a hollow portion, a member having a slot and disposed inside of the body at the junction of the handle and the head, a ratchet wheel mounted in the said head, a pawl in the said slot for engaging the said ratchet wheel, means for fastening the member to the body on opposite sides of the slot, and means including a socket and an extension member mounted in the said tubular handle and adapted for co-operation with the said wrench body.

11. In combination, a substantially hollow metallic body including a handle portion and a head, said head having a transverse opening defined about its end and sides by a relatively narrow and unweakened metal strlp, a ratchet in the said head journaled lin the said opening, a member disposed inside of the said body having a diagonal slot at a relatively small angle to 'the longitudinal axis of the body, a pawl comprising substantially a rectangular prism disposed in the said slot and having its end adjacent said pocket formed substantially fiat and at right angles to the side faces of the pawl, and a plurality of fastening elements extendlng through the said body into the member on each side of the slot serving to secure the body to the member and to tie the two sldes of the slot together, the said ratchet wheel having teeth, the holding faces of which are adapted to make fiat contact with a' side face of the pawl, and tapered faces at right angles to the holding faces adapted to make fiat contact with the end face of the pawl.

12. In combination, a metallic wrench body including a hollow handle and a circular shaped end except where it merges into the said handle, said circular end havlng a transverse concentric opening, a ratchet wheel in the said head journaled in the said opening, a member in the body havlnga slot disposed in a substantially longitudmal position intermediate the ratchet wheel and the handle, a rectangular pawl longitudinally movable in said slot -but coniincd against transverse movement therein, means for urging the pawl into engagement wlth the teeth of the ratchet wheel, and means for securing the member to the body along both sides of the slot therein for strengthening the member at thls place and for preventing deformation of the body.

13. In combination, a metallic wrench body including a hollow handle and a clrcular shaped end except where it merges into the said handle, said circular end having a transverse concentric opening, a ratchet wheel in the said head journaled in the said opening, a member in the body having a slot d1s posed in a substantially longitudmal posltion intermediate the ratchet wheel and the handle, a rectangular pawl longitudmally movable in said slot but confined against transverse movement therein, means for urging the pawl into engagement with the teeth of the ratchet wheel, means for securing the member to the body along both sides of the slot therein for strengthening the member at this place and for preventingdeformatlon of the body, said member having a pocket therein adjacent the hollow of the handle, an extension removably mounted in the handle and having one end extending into the pocket in the said member, and a socket cooperable with said handle and w1th the sa1d extension in the handle.

14. A wrench body comprising two sheet metal parts including a tubular handle and a substantially ilat head merging into the said handle and also having a hollow portion for housing a ratchet, said head having a transverse opening defined on its end and sides by a relatively narrow and unweakened metal strip.

15. A wrench body comprising two parts secured together forming a hollow handle ortion and a hollow head portion, said iiead being substantially fiat and having a plurality of upset portions and projections for strengthening the body parts and for resisting bending thereof.

16. A wrench body comprising a hollow handle for receiving wrench parts including an extension member and a head having a transverse wrench opening, said body having formed therein at substantially the junction of the said handle and head a pocket for receiving an end of the said extension member when it is mounted within the said handle.

17. A wrench bodyincluding a pair of integral parts forming a hollow handle for recelving wrench parts and a head, and a member positioned between the parts intermediate the head and thehandle having a pawl slot, the said member being fastened to the pair.J of parts on opposite sides of the pawl slot therein.

18. A wrench body including a pair of integral parts forming a hollow handle for receiving wrench parts and a head, and a member positioned between the parts intermediate the head and the handle having a pawl slot, the said member being fastened to the pair of parts on opposite sides of the pawl slot therein, said member also having a polygonal shaped pocket adapted to receive an end of a wrench part.

19. A ratchet wrench body comprising two metallic half pieces made of sheet metal joined together forming a substantially at hollow head and a tubular handle for housing wrench parts, each of the said halves at the head end having a portion bent at substantially right angles thereto to form a rim which at the extreme end is arcuate in contour, the rims of the said halves being joined together to completely enclose the hollow head, and terminating in the said handle.

20. A ratchet wrench body comprising two metallic half pieces joined together forming a substantially at hollow head and a tubular handle for housing wrench parts,l each of the said halves at the head end having a portion bent at substantially right angles thereto to form a rim which, at the extreme end, is arcuate in contour, the rims of the said halves being joined together to completely enclose the hollow head and termi nating in the said handle, each of the said halves at the head end having a transverse opening defined by an upset and projecting annular ring formed inte ral therewith.

21. A ratchet wrench bo y comprising two half pieces made of metallic sheet and joined together forming a substantially flat holmetal, the half pieces at the handle end being held together by said strap of metal surrounding the handle.

22. A ratchet wrench body comprising two metallic half pieces joined together forming a substantially fiat hollow head and a tubular handle for housing wrench parts, each of the said halves at the head end having a portion bent at substantially right angles thereto to form a rim which at the extreme end is arcuate in contour, the rims of the said halves being joined together to completely enclose the hollow head 4and terminating in the said handle, and a member positioned between' the half pieces at substantially the junction of the handle and head deining a pawl slot and secured to the half pieces on opposite sides of the slot.

23.,In combination, a wrench having a head portion including a wrench opening and having a hollow handle, and means including a work engaging member and an exhollow handle with the extension member passing thru said working engaging member and cooperable with said wrench, said means being removable from said handle for co- 5 operation with said opening.

24. In combination, a ratchet Wrench having a head and a hollow handle, a ratchet member mounted in said head and having a wrench opening, and means including' a 10 hollow work engaging wrench member and an extension member removably housed in i said hollow handle with the extension member passing through the work engaging member, said means being removable from the handle and said extension member being engagable in said ratchet opening and with said work engaging member.

In witness whereof, I hereunto subscribe my name this 8 day of March, 1926.

SIEGMUND MANDL.

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